国际结算双语国际结算概述实用教案

1、Three elements in international settlement（国际结算中的三要素）：(1)Persons in different countries（不同国家(guji)）(2) Banks Participation（银行参与）(3) Funds transfer (资金转移）第1页/共14页第一页，共15页。三、国际结算的基本(jbn)内容Research objective of International SettlementTools of international payment and settlement（国际(guj)结算工具） Bill of E

2、xchange 汇票(hupio) Promissory Note 本票Check 支票Methods of international payment and settlement（国际结算方式） Documents of international payment and settlement（国际结算单据） Financing of international payment and settlement（国际结算融资） Remittance 汇款Collection 托收Letter of credit 信用证Letter of guarantee 银行保函Invoice 发票Tran

3、sport Documents 运输单据Insurance Documents 保险单据Import trade finance 进口贸易融资Export trade finance 出口贸易融资Factoring 保理Forfeiting 福费廷第2页/共14页第二页，共15页。二、国际结算涉及(shj)的法律与国际惯例 International Customs and Practices (一)与票据相关的法律和国际惯例 International Practices concerning Bills: 英国票据法 Bill of Exchange Act, 1882 日内瓦统一票据法

4、Jeva Uniform Bill Act.(二)与结算方式相关的国际惯例 International Practices concerning Settlement : 托收统一规则 Uniform Rules for Collection, ICC Publication No. 522跟单信用证统一惯例 Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits, 1993 Revision, ICC Publication No. 500 UCP 600,2007 (三)与单据相关的国际公约(gngyu)与国际惯例 I

5、nternational Practices concerning Documents: 海牙规则Hague Rules 、汉堡规则Hamburg Rules 、国际铁路货物运送公约(gngyu)International Convention Concerning the Transport of Goods by Rail 、国际铁路货物联运协定Agreement on International Rail-Road through Transport of Goods 、联合运输单证统一规则Uniform Rules for a Combined Transport Documents

6、、伦敦保险协会货物保险条款Institute Cargo Clauses, ICC 、国际贸易术语解释通则 International Rules for Interpretation of Trade Terms, Incoterms 2000 、联合国国际贸易法委员会仲裁规则 UNCITRAL Arbitration Rule等。第3页/共14页第三页，共15页。第三节 国际(guj)(guj)结算体系及银行网络International payment clearing system International payment clearing system and Banking Ne

7、twork and Banking Network 一、银行在国际结算中的作用 The role of bank for International Settlement1、银行资金雄厚、资信优良，可以为国际贸易结算提供信用保障，例如信用证和银行保函。Bank can provide credit protection for international trade settlement because of financial strength and credit quality, such as letters of credit and bank guarantees. 2. 银行可提

8、供贸易融资，如开展出口押汇、单据(dnj)贴现等融资业务。Banks can provide trade finance, such as outward bills, bills discounting and other finance operations. 3. 银行拥有效率高、安全性强的银行网络与资金转移网络。银行在全球建立了分支机构以及代理行关系、账户关系，以拓展海外业务，加快资金的收付。Banks have high efficiency, safety banking network and funds transfer network. 第4页/共14页第四页，共15页。二、

9、国际结算的银行网络(一)商业银行(shn y yn xn)的分支机构Types of International Banking Offices 分行和支行 (BRANCH & SUB-BRANCH)，分行和支行之间的关系称为“联行关系 (SISTER BANK)”代表处 (REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE)经理处 (AGENCY OFFICE)子银行 (SUBSIDIARY)，它是在东道国注册的独立金融机构，具有法人地位联营银行(AFFILIATED BANK)银团银行 (CONSORTIUM BANK)第5页/共14页第五页，共15页。( 二 ) 代 理 行 ( C O

10、R R E S P O N D E N T B A N K O R CORRESPONDENTS)代理行是指相互间建立(jinl)委托办理业务的，具有往来关系的银行。A bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bank. A correspondent banking relationship exists when two banks maintain deposits with each other. Correspondent bank is very necessary in gl

11、obal economy. Even for large international bank, such as B a n k o f C h i n a , t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e correspondent relationship is still very important because they cannot do any business without the cooperation of local banks.第6页/共14页第六页，共15页。How to establish correspondent ban

12、k relationshipChoose the best bank The following factors should be considered: The reputation of the bank Size of the Bank Service offered by the bank Physical feature and personnelSigning contract and exchanging control documents(控制文件） Control documents include:Specimen Signature （印鉴(ynjin)样本）Teleg

13、raphic test key（密押）Terms and conditions（条款费率表） 第7页/共14页第七页，共15页。(三)账户行代理行建立(jinl)代理关系后，就可以根据协议办理委办业务。但是，对于汇款、托收以及信用证业务，会涉及外汇资金的收付，需要双方建立(jinl)账户处理资金的清算。因此，代理行之间单方或者双方互相在对方银行开设账户，称为账户代理行(DEPOSITORY C O R R E S P O N D E N T S ) ， 简 称 账 户 行(DEPOSITORY BANK)。Banks always open an account in other banks

14、in foreign countries, thus forms the inter-bank accounts.第8页/共14页第八页，共15页。Depository bank must be correspondent bank, but correspondent bank is not necessarily depository bank. 账户行一定是代理行，代理行不一定是账户行。各银行的开立账户的条件各不相同，在不同银行建立账户的成本费有大有小。账户条件大致有以下几种(j zhn)：最低存款额；存款利息；透支额度及利息；账户费用；对账单。 minimum deposit amou

15、nt； interest of deposits； overdraft limit and interest； account cost； statements 第9页/共14页第九页，共15页。Midland Bank, London, UK Citibank, New York, USA 1000 USD a/c 1000GBP a/c From the view of Midland Bank, this account is called Nostro Account(往账).From the view of Citibank, this account is called Vostr

16、o Account(来账).From the view of Midland Bank, this account is called Vostro Account(来账).From the view of Citibank, this account is called Nostro Account(往账).第10页/共14页第十页，共15页。Inter-bankaccounts(银行(ynhng)往来帐户） To credit sbs a/c with 贷记某人或某某单位帐户一定金额 To debit sbs a/c with 借记某人或某某单位账户一定金额 Credit Advice a

17、nd Debit Advice 贷记报单和借记报单第11页/共14页第十一页，共15页。三、国际支付体系 International clearing system 目前，全世界(shji)有三大货币清算系统：1. 纽约银行同业电子清算系统(Clearing House Interbank Payment System，CHIPS)。它是国际美元收付的计算机网络，总部设在纽约。2. 伦敦银行同业自动清算系统(Clearing House Automated Payment System，CHAPS)。它以高度计算机自动化代替票据交换，各商业银行在清算银行开设账户，总部设在伦敦。3. 环球银行金

18、融电信协会(The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication，SWIFT)。该系统可以自动储存信息、自动加押、自动核对密押。SWIFT以其费用低廉、安全、可靠、快捷、标准化、自动化等优点，已成为银行之间划拨资金、开立信用证和往来联系的主要通信工具。SWIFT在银行界的广泛使用，对提高国际银行同业间的信息处理与交换具有深远的意义。目前，除世界(shji)少数落后国家外，银行之间的信息往来普遍采用SWIFT方式。 第12页/共14页第十二页，共15页。 TARGET 欧洲间实时全额自动清算系统 (Trans-European Automated Realtime Gross Settlement Express Transfer) for clearing of Euros (EUR) BOJ-NET 日本银行(ynhng)金融网络体系 (Bank of Japan Net) for clearing of Japanese yen (JPY) CHATS 香港银行(ynhng