学位英语复习

1、短语above all 首先;尤其是;最重要的是【例句】He is strong, brave and, above all, honest.他强壮，勇敢，最重要的是他诚实。【总结】above all表示某因素是最重要的，地位上是超越其他因素的。这些因素比较的性质更强一点。accept as 承认，接受为【例句】The astronaut accepts danger as being part of the job.宇航员承认他们的工作中包含着危险。【总结】此短语中的as是介词，后跟名词，代词等。act as担任，充当【例句】Maybe I can act as a messenger fo

2、r you. 也许我能给你当信差。起作用【例句】The forest will act as a defense against desert dust. 森林能起防御沙漠灰沙的作用。【总结】此短语中的as是连词，引导一个省略了谓语的状语从句。【词语辨析】act as和act like区别act as：意思是“充当”、“担任”，相当于serve as，可与人或物词如：doctor、director、interpreter、guide、coach、teacher、go-between、furniture、tools等字搭配使用。as是连词，引导一个省略了谓语的状语从句。e.g.This coin

3、 may act as a screwdriver. 这枚硬币可以充当螺丝起子用。act like：意思是“行为像”、“举动像”，相当于英语的to act in the manner of，它常与人或动物名词连用。like是介词，其后接宾语。e.g.That child acts like a grown-up. 那个孩子的举动像成年人一样。according as 根据，随而定【例句】Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献【总结】according as 后接从句according to根据;按照【例句】The

4、y divided themselves into three groups according to age.他们按年龄分成三组。取决于【例句】We will go or we wont, according to circumstances.我们或去或不去，都将视情况而定。据所载;据所说【例句】According to the Bible, Adam was the first man.据圣经记载，亚当是人类始祖。【总结】according to 后一般不接view(看法)和opinion(意见)这类词，也不接表示第一人称的代词(me, us)。to 是介词，后接名词代词等。如：依我看，这

5、部电影很不错。正：In my opinion, the film is wonderful. 误：According to my opinion, the film is wonderful. 误：According to me, the film is wonderful.【词语辨析】according as与according to的用法区别(1)according as 根据，随而定(后接从句)。如：Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献(2)according to 根据，按照(主要引出状语)。如：Eve

6、rything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。合乎，符合(主要引出表语)。如：It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。add to 增添，增加，增进【例句】The bad weather added to our difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。【总结】其宾语多为困难、欢乐等抽象名词。add.to把加到上【例句】Add the other items on at the bottom of the page.把另外几项加到这一页的末尾处。【总结】a

7、dd A to B是说把A种类加到B种类里面。这说明B中有至少A和B2种成分了。add up加起来，总计，说的通【例句】His story just doesnt add up, he must be lying.他说的前後不一致，一定撒谎了。【总结】add up只强调相加，不强调结果。a (great/large/small) number of 许多【例句】A large number of students are ill these days because of the swine flu.这些天我们班的许多学生都因为猪流感而病了【总结】a (great/large/small) n

8、umber of接可数名词复数;谓语动词用复数。A (together) with BA与B一样【例句】France, together with China, is a great country.法国，和中国一样，是一个伟大的国家。【总结】A (together) with B 谓语动词与A一致A as well as B A跟B一样【例句】It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter.夏天不好过，冬天也不好过【总结】A as well as B谓语动词与A一致。as well as可连接并列的单词或短语。as well as与动词连用时，

9、其后可用V-ing形式，尤其as well as 位于句首时，此时相当于in addition to。例如：As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm. 他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。as well as用于肯定结构和否定结构中，其意义不同。as well as和not搭配使用，as well as位于not前时，两者均否定;位于not后时，否定前者，肯定后者。例如：George hasnt gone abroad as well as his brother. 乔治并没有和他兄弟一样出国去。(他兄弟一人出国)George, as well as

10、 his brother, hasnt gone abroad. 乔治和他兄弟都没有出国。a bit of 一点【例句】It was a bit of a bore, wasnt it? 这有点叫人厌烦，不是吗?【总结】a bit of 后接不可数名词，相当于a little还要注意有些常用词组，如have a bit of a cold(有点儿感冒)，“cold(感冒)”虽然是个不可数名词，但习惯上要加aa bit 一点【例句】Your article is a bit short.【总结】a bit放在形容词、副词前，作状语;也可作宾语、表语。【词语辨析】a bit of/a bita b

11、it of是介词短语，后接不可数名词;a bit是副词短语，修饰形容词、副词、动词，作状语;也可作宾语、表语。a bunch of 一束、一捆【例句】He gave a bunch of flowers to his girlfriend.他送给女友一束花。【总结】a bunch of后接可数名词复数形式。a copy of 一份(报纸等)【例句】A copy of China Today is on the desk.【总结】a copy of后接可数名词单数。a couple of 一对，两，一双【例句】两个There is a couple of boys waiting for you

12、.有两个男孩等你。一些，几个He must have a rest for a couple of weeks.他必须休息几个星期【总结】a couple of + n(c).作主语时谓语动词通常用单数，接可数名词复数a crowd of 一群、许多【例句】There is a crowd of papers and books is on his desk.有大堆文件和书籍在他的桌子。【总结】a crowd of后接可数名词。【实战演练】_ cattle were dotted around the grass land with a little boy sitting on a rock

13、.A.A crowd of B.a bit of C.The number of D.A bunch of 答案：A 题意：一群牛羊分散在草地上，一个男孩坐在一块岩石上。【名师解析】a crowd of 一群、许多;a bit of 一点;The number of的数量，谓语动词要用单数;a bunch of 一束、一捆。a good/great deal of 大量【例句】He seems to have a good (great) deal of money (trouble, etc.)他好象有很多钱(麻烦事)。【总结】a good/great deal of 接不可数名词a goo

14、d/great many大量(接可数名词复数)【例句】He had a good many friends here.他在这儿有很多朋友。【总结】a great many后面直接加复数可数名词。a great deal大量的【例句】A great deal of work awaits me.许多工作等着我去做。非常【例句】He likes to swim a good_.他非常喜欢游泳。【总结】a great deal用作名词，意为“大量”，“许多”，作主语、宾语;用作副词，意为“很”或“非常”，作状语，修饰动词或用来强调比较级。【词义辨析】a good many of, a good de

15、al of, a good many, a good deal的区别与用法a great deal of后加不可数名词，如：a great deal of money / rice/ water / information而a good many后加可数名词复数，如：a good many apples / people / boxes / eggs两个词意思是“很多，许多，大量的”的意思a good many of后加可数名词的复数或代词的宾格，指“中的许多/很多东西”，如：a good many of the apples/ them苹果中的许多，他们中的很多，请比较：A good man

16、y students come from Shanghai.A good many of students come from Shanghai第一句：很多学生来自上海。第二句：学生中有许多来自上海。a great deal用作名词，意为“大量”，“许多”，作主语、宾语;用作副词，意为“很”或“非常”，作状语，修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如：A great deal has been studied and this is the best way. 经过大量研究后，这(被认为)是最好的办法。1.a group of 一群【例句】A group of visitors are visiting

17、Summer Place.一群游客正在参观颐和园【总结】a group of属介词短语，后接可数名词。2.a kind of一种【例句】This is a new kind of car. 这是一种新式的汽车。几分【例句】She has a kind of genius. 她有几分天才。【总结】a kind of常可表示不确定的“某种类似”的意思。3.a knife and fork 一副刀叉【例句】There is a knife and fork on the table. 桌子上有一副刀叉。【总结】a knife and fork作主语谓语用单数。用and 连接的并列主语表示不同的人或物

18、时，谓语动词用复数; 表示同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。4.(a) lack of 缺乏【例句】Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。5.a large quantity of 大量【例句】A quantity of baskets were on sale. 大量篮子在出售。【总结】a quantity of +不可数名词，谓语只用单数，quantities of +可数与不可数名词，谓语要用复数。1.a large/small/great amount of 一些【例句】A

19、 million dollars is a large amount of money to me.100万美元对我来说是一笔巨款。【总结】a large/small/great amount of 后接不可数名词【拓展】the amount of. 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The amount of money spent on the bridge was large.这座桥耗资巨大。large amounts of. 作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式?表示“许多”的短语：1)修饰可数名词：a great many, many, a good many, a (large, great

20、 )number of, (many a )2)修饰不可数名词： much, a great / good deal of, a great amount of3)修饰可数或不可数名词a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large / great quantity of(谓语视名词特性而定)，quantities of(谓语用复数)(1) a great / good many + 名词复数，中间无of。A great many people have seen the film.(2) a great / good many + of + the / these

21、/ those / ones + 名词复数A great many of the people have seen the film.2.a little一点，少许，略微，稍【例句】After a little he got up and left.过了一会儿他站起来走了。【总结】a little用于不可数名词和形容词前。3.a loaf of一条,一块【例句】Fanny cut half a loaf of bread with a fine knife.fanny用一把锋利的刀切了一半面包4.a piece of一张(片，块，)【例句】Would you please give me a

22、piece of paper?能给我一张纸吗?【总结】a piece of用在不可数名词前，表示数量【辨析】a piece of/a loaf of/a bar ofpiece 片，面piece是用来形容比较薄的东西的，纸,切片,面包，piece 一片的意思loaf棱角不分明的长方体可以形容面包，法棍“面包那种的就叫loaf,长条的那种。以loaf来形容这种形状。bar棱角分明长方体(形)、金条，工具栏(toolbar).【拓展】a bottle of一瓶;a pound of一磅;half a pound of半磅;a quarter of四分之一(1/4);a tin of一听5.A ra

23、ther than B 与其B，不如A【例句】He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。【总结】A rather than B意为“是而不是;与其不如”。表示客观事实;它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。1.a series of 一系列的【例句】A series of performances is scheduled.一系列演出已安排定日期。【总结】series单复数相同。2.a total of 总计【例句】we spent a total of ten ye

24、ars in korea,germany and japan【总结】a total of后接数词。3.a type of 一种【例句】A firefly is a type of beetle. 萤火虫是一种甲虫。【总结】a type of比较技术一点，使用面向对来说比较狭窄，表示事物的形式4.a variety of 一种【例句】All of them arrive late for a variety of reasons. 由于种种原因，他们都来晚了。【总结】a variety of 强调多样化，【生物】变化;种类。【词语辨析】a kind of, a sort of, a type o

25、f, a variety ofa kind of的使用最宽泛了，一般a sort of，a type of可以互换用的，a kind of，也都可以用。然后a sort of，a type of表达的意思跟精确一点，一般a sort of都是比较直观的分类，比如图钉跟别针的分类。a type of比较技术一点，使用面向对来说比较狭窄;a variety of 强调多样化，【生物】变化;种类。5.advise (that) sb. (should) do 建议某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)【例句】We advised that they (should) start early. 我们建议他们应该及

26、早开始。【总结】advise后跟从句时用虚拟语气，should加动词原形，should可以省略。【拓展】advise的其他用法advise+sb.to do sth建议某人做某事 advise+sb.not to do 建议某人不要做某事 advise+sb.against doing sth. 建议某人不要做某事 advise+doing sth. 建议做某事1.afford sb. sth. 为某人承担【例句】Dancing affords us pleasure.跳舞给我们带来快乐。【总结】afford表示“提供，给予”时，常用于抽象的事物，可接双宾语。也可表示“买得起，花得起”。这时，

27、其宾语可以是名词或不定式，通常是表示时间或金钱的词语，常与情态动词can，be able to连用。【拓展】afford sth. to sb. 为某人承担 ?afford to do 能够去做2.after a time 一段时间后【例句】After a timehe lost his nervousness and began to feel himself again.过了一会儿，他的紧张情绪过去了，镇静了下来。3.after a while 不久【例句】After a while, we began to have a picnic. 过不久，我们就开始野餐。【总结】after a w

28、hile=after a moment 一会儿以后，后来 常用于一般过去时，提问时用when4.after all 毕竟;终究【例句】It turned out he went by trainafter all.结果他还是乘火车去的。【总结】after all 毕竟，到底(这个到底指“最终还是”，有出乎意料的意味)，一般用在肯定句中5.agree on 在达成共识【例句】We are all agreed on the best action. 我们都同意这一最佳措施。【总结】agree on 后面一般跟表示具体协议的文件、计划等。1.agree to+do同意去做【例句】We agree

29、to leave at once.我们同意马上离开。+n(建议)、pron. etc.【例句】Hes agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们关于假日的计划了。【总结】agree to后接一件建议或计划或接动词原形。2.agree with同意、赞同【例句】Do you agree with me? 你同意我吗?与一致【例句】The witnesses statements just dont agree with each other.几个证人的陈述并不一致。 (衣服等)适合某人He doesnt agree with mutto

30、n. 他不喜欢吃羊肉。【词语辨析】 agree to，agree on，agree with这些短语动词均可表示“同意”之意。agree to：常与plan(计划)、arrangement(安排)、suggestion(建议)、proposal(建议)、terms(条件)、method(方法)等名词连用。这时agree to不仅指其主语与对方看法一致，而且暗含自己也愿合作、承担义务或效法的意味。agree on：指双方或多方在某件事情上取得一致的意见。常与plan(计划)、date(日期)、terms(条件)、price(价格)等名词连用。agree with：可用于指人，指同意其看法或意见等

31、，也可与一些名词或从句连用。与agree to不同之处是，仅表示看法或意见一致，没有愿意进行合作或效法的含义。3.ahead of在前面，先于He will be ahead of others in English.他在英语方面将超过别人。adv. 在. 前面Luckily the van ahead of us skidded off the road on our left, but it was a very near miss.我们前面的客货车滑出我们左边的路，侥幸没撞上。【总结】ahead of“在前面”，是抽象意义上的，如“科技实力”，“时间”等概念 。4.aim at 瞄准，目

32、的【例句】The sportsman did not fire into the brown, but took careful aim at some particular bird.那猎人并没有向鸟群开枪，只瞄准了特定的一只鸟【总结】aim at后加doing/sth.表力求做到某事/力求达到某事后加sb./sth. 表瞄准某人/瞄准某物。【拓展】be aimed at+doing 目的是做某事。5.All but A除了A以外所有人【例句】All but a few will say amen to his proposal. 除了少数几个人外，大家都会十分赞成他的建议。【总结】谓语动词

33、与all一致，用复数。1.all kinds of 各种各样的【例句】These woods are frequented by all kinds of birds. 这些树林里经常栖息着各种鸟类。2.all of a sudden 突然(单用)【例句】All of a sudden the lights went out.突然灯灭了。【总结】all of a sudden 副词短语，做状语。3.all over 整个【例句】The game is all over.比赛已全部结束。在(遍及)的各部分Computers will be used more and more in the fu

34、ture all over the world.将来全世界要越来越多的使用电脑。【总结】all over 意为“在(遍及)的各部分”，只接表示地点的名词。4.all sorts of 各种各样的【例句】All sorts of lamps are available in that shop. 在那家商店可买到各式各样的灯具【词语辨析】all kinds of与all sorts of，都意为各种各样的，前者较正式，后者较口语，后者多指人【词语辨析】kinds of 是很多种;kind of 表示有点，稍稍;若变成be kind of 则表示某人友善的性格;a kind of 表示一种;all

35、 kinds of 表示各种各样的5.all the same 仍然、依然【例句】Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他们是赢是输於我都一样。【总结】副词短语，作状语。1.all through the (night/year/ones life) 整个【例句】Some cold-blooded animals hibernate all through the winter.一些冷血动物整个冬天都冬眠。【总结】all through意思为“在整个期间”，后面接表示时间的名词。【词语辨析】all over、all throughall

36、over意为“在(遍及)的各部分”，只接表示地点的名词。all through意思为“在整个期间”，后面接表示时间的名词。2.allnot 不都是(部分否定)【例句】All the ants do not go out for food. 并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去采食。【总结】Allnot一般表示不都是(not all)这种部分否定意义，但有时也表示都不这一全部否定的意义。要表示全部否定，可把not改为no以避免歧义。no是限定词，在意义上是直接否定所修饰名词的。none，neither，no+被修饰成分等，也不会产生歧义。比较下面的例句：Not all birds can fly. 不是所有的

37、鸟都会飞。No birds can play chess. 鸟是不会下棋的。(牛津英语用法指南Michael Swam著)3.allow doing/sb. to do 允许(某人)做某事【例句】We dont allow smoking in our house. 在我们家里不容许吸烟【总结】allow to do sth也可以换成allow sb to do sth.;allow doing却不能换成有sb的形式。这是二者最大的区别，意思上基本没有什么区别。4.announce to sb. sth. (=announce sth. to sb.) 向某人宣布某事【例句】The manag

38、er announced to the worker the decision. 经理宣布了对这个工人的决定。【总结】announce后不可接双宾语。在美国，人们习惯在announce后直接加动词的被动语态。The work is announced finished.但是在英国，人们习惯将被动语态表达完整。Thee work is announced to be finished.【词义辨析】announce, declare, proclaim, pronounce, advertise, broadcast, publish这些动词均含“宣布，公开”之意。announce: 多指首次宣布

39、大家感兴趣或可满足大家好奇心的事情。declare: 侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布。proclaim: 指官方宣布重大事件或施政方针，语体比announce正式。pronounce: 词义与announce, declare接近，但较多用于指法律判决方面的宣布。advertise: 指通过文字和图像资料等的反复宣传而引起公众的注意，有时隐含令人不快或言过其实的意味。broadcast: 专指利用广播或电视传播消息或发表见解。publish: 专指通过报刊或其它媒介向公众公布事情5.answer for 为负责任【例句】You should find out the answer for you

40、rself.你应该自己去找答案1.apart from 除外【例句】Apart from Kelly, Joy will go to swim tomorrow.除了Kelly外，Joy明天也会去游泳。【总结】apart from具有多重意义：既可表示besides，也可以表示exept或exept for，还可以表示without的意思。2.apply for 申请【例句】Dont apply for that job: youre in danger of overreaching yourself.不要申请那份工作，以免有不自量力之嫌。【词语辨析】apply to sb. for sth

41、. 为向申请;apply for 申请;apply to 适用【名师解析】apply for 申请;apply to 适用;amount to 总计，等于;attend to (=give ones attention, care and thought)注意，照顾;3.appreciate doing 感激做【例句】We shall appreciate hearing from you again.我们恭候佳音。【总结】appreciate 不接不定式，还可以用：appreciate +sth. /appreciate +that从句4.as a matter of fact 实际上，事实

42、上【例句】As a matter of fact, Ive never been there before.事实上我从未到过那【总结】as a matter of fact 是副词短语，作状语。1.as far as=so far as就而言，至于【例句】As far as I am concerned, Im not against your plan.就我而言，我并不反对你的计划。远到【例句】He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening. 昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。【总结】表示“直到为止”之意时，as far as既

43、可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句;在表示“直到程度”之意的借喻说法中，as far as和so far as都可使用，但前者不及后者用得普遍。在表示“就而论”之意时，as far as和so far as可互换使用。在表示“只要”、“尽所能”之意时，应用as far as，不用so far as。2.as if 似乎、好像【例句】She treats himas if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。【总结】(一)as if 从句的作用。在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。如：She looks as if she were ten years younger.

44、她看起来好像年轻了十岁。引导方式状语从句。如：She loves the boy as if she were his mother. 她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。(二)as if 还可用于省略句中 如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。如：He acts as if (he was) a fool. 他做事像个傻子。(三)as if 从句的语气及时态 as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：It sounds as if i

45、t is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。as if从句用虚拟语气的情况。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：a.如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：ou look as if you didnt care. 你看上去好像并不在乎.b.从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的

46、。c.从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。如：He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。3.as long as=so long as只要【例句】As long as you dont betray me, Ill do whatever you ask me to (do).只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。as long as: 和一样长【例句】This line is four times as long as that one.这条线是那条线的四倍长。【总结

47、】?当用于同级比较时，as.as 既可用于肯定中也可用于否定句中，而so.as 只能用于否定句中。His pencil is as long as mine.His pencil isnt so/as long as mine.当表示只要时，两者没有什么区别，可以替换。e.g.Our profits will be good as/so long as the dollar remains strong.【词语辨析】as long as ，as far asas long as有“只要”的意思As long as you keep working, you will get what you

48、want.as far as的意思比较抽象，可以表示距离上的“远到，直到”也有“据我所知”的意思，翻译起来可根据上下文语境灵活处理。As far as I can see, it is a perfect plan.在我看来，这是个完美的计划。4.as well as和一样【例句】She as well as you is an English teacher.她像你一样也是英文教师。与一样好【例句】He speaks Spanish as well as English. 他说西班牙语像说英语一样好.【总结】A as well as B的结构里，语意的重点在A，不在B。as though 似

49、乎、好像【例句】He behaved as though nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。【总结】as if/as though的用法as if 与as though 是一组同义词，两者意思相同，用法也相同，只是在口语中人们多半会用as if, 取其简短。as if和as though用法较为复杂，(一)在通常情况下，as if 和as though所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，表示所叙述的情况与事实相反。具体用法如下：1)谈论现在情形的，用过去时(动词be用were,也可用was)：Why is she looking at me as though

50、she knew me? 他为什么那样看我?像是认识我似的。He behaves as if he owned the house. 他的样子好像他拥有这个房子。Its not as though he was /were poor.2)谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：a)过去式，表示过去的状态，如：He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as if to miss a train was the best joke in the world.他站在那里，望着火车哈哈大笑，好像误了火车是天底下最开心的事儿似的。Mr. Coleman

51、 always talked as if he knew everything.但是，如果状态动词带有持续时间状语，则用过去完成时：They talked as if they had been friends for years.(试比较：They had been friends for years.)Now it is as though she had known Millie for years. (现代英语用法词典)情态动词亦用过去时：b)过去完成时，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成，如：It was as if he had lost his last friend.I r

52、emember, she tells her children now, how wild his white hair lookedas if it had been electrified.必须注意的时，在指过去的动作时，即使主句是现在时，as if 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时：He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。c)过去进行时，表示动作正在进行：He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing.I felt as if the

53、 ground were slipping beneath my feet. 我感到大地仿佛在脚下滑动。d)过去将来时，表示将要发生的事态：It looked as if it was going to snow.(二)如果as if后面的从句所表示的情况时真实的或很可能时真实的，则动词可以用陈述语气，在feel, look, seem smell, sound, taste之后尤其如此。试比较：F. T. Wood所著English Colloquial Idioms中的两个例子：He walks as if he is drunk.He walks as if he were drunk.第一句表示“他已经醉了”，第2句则表示“他没有醉”。又如：It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if were going to rain.第一例意味着快要下雨了，第二例则意味着不会下雨。(三)随着语言的发展，as if后面的从句即使反映的不是事实，也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，这主要出现在口语或不太正式的文体中。例如：With the development of these new tools, it is as if man hassuddenly become a m