岩土工程专业词汇说课材料

1、岩土工程专业词汇一. 综合类geOe ,blog1. geotech ni cal en gi neeri ng岩土工程2. fo un dati on engin eeri ng 基础工程3. soil, earth 土4. soil mecha nics 土力学cyclic loadi ng 周期荷载uni oad ing 卸载reload ing再加载viscoelastic foun dati on 粘弹性地基viscous damp ing 粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5. soil dyn amics 土动力学6. stress path应力路径7. nu meric

2、al geotecha nics数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1. residual soil 残积土 groun dwater level 地下水位2. gro un dwater 地下水groun dwater table地 下水位3. clay mi nerals 粘土矿物4. sec ondary min erals次 生矿物5.la ndslides 滑坡6. bore hole colu mnar section钻孔柱状图7. e ngin eeri ng geologic inv estigation 工程地质勘察8. boulder 漂石9. cobble 卵石10. gravel

3、 砂石11. gravelly sand砾砂12. coarse sandfi砂13. medium san d 中砂14. fine sand细砂15. silty sand 粉土16. clayey soil 粘性土17. clay 粘土18. silty clay 粉质粘土19. silt 粉土20. sa ndy silt 砂质粉土21. clayey silt 粘质粉土22. saturated soi 饱和土23. un saturated soi非 饱和土24. fill (soil)填土25.overc on solidated soil 超固结土26. no rmally c

4、on solidated soil 正常固结土27. un derc on solidated soil欠固结土28. zonal soil 区域性土29. soft clay 软粘土30. expa nsive (swelli ng) soil 膨胀土31. peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33. froze n soil 冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质1. cc compressi on in dex2. cu undrained shear stre ngth3. cu/p0 ratio of undrained stre ngth cu to effective overburde

5、 n stress p0(cu/pO)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overc on solidated, respectively4. cva ne cohesive stre ngth from vane test5. e0 n atural void ratio6.lp plasticity in dex7. K0 coefficient of-rest" at pressure ,for total stressesc 1 and c 28. K0 ' d

6、omain for effective stressesc 1 ' and c 2'9. K 0n K0 for no rmally con solidated state10. K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneousloadi ng or an undrained con diti on11. K0d K0 coefficie nt un der cyclic loadi ng(freque ncy less tha n 1Hz),as a pseudo- dyn

7、amic test for K0 coefficie nt12. kh ,kv permeability in horiz on tal and vertical direct ions, respectively13. N blow count, sta ndard pen etrati on test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15. pc prec on solidati on pressure ,from oedemeter test16. p0 effective overburde n pressure17. p s specific cone p

8、en etrati on resista nee, from static cone test18. qu unconfined compressive stre ngth19. U, Um degree of con solidati on subscript m deno tes mean value of a specime n20. u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specime n and mean value, respectively21. w0 wL wp natural

9、water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22. c 1, c 2 principal stresses,c 1 ' and c 2' denote effective principal stresses23. Atterberg limits 阿太堡界限24. degree of saturation饱和度25. dry unit weight 干重度26. moist unit weight 湿重度27. saturated unit weight饱和重度28. effective unit weight

10、有效重度29. de nsity 密度30. compact ness密实度31. maximum dry den sity 最大干密度32.optimum water content 最优含水量33. three phase diagram 相图34. tri-phase soil 三相土35. soil fraction 粒组36. sieve an alysis筛分37. hydrometer an alysis 比重计分析38. uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数39. coefficie nt of gradation 级配系数40. fine-grained

11、soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41. coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy粗粒土42. U nified soil classification system 土的统一分类系统43. ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会44. AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials 美国州公路官员协会45.I SSMGE=Intern ati onal Society for Soil Mecha nics and Geo

12、tech ni cal Engin eeri ng国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1. Darcy'law达西定律2. piping 管涌3. flowing soil 流土4. sa nd boili ng 砂沸5. flow net 流网6. seepage渗透（流）7.l eakage渗流8. seepage pressure 透压力9. permeability 渗透性10. seepage fore醪透力11. hydraulic gradie nt 水力梯度12. coefficie nt of permeability 渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1. soft

13、 soil 软土2. （negative） skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力3. effective stress有 效应力4. total stress总应力5. field vane shear stre ngtl十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7. se nsitivity 灵敏度8. triaxial test 三轴试验9. fo un dati on desig n 基础设计10. recompact ion 再压缩11. bearing capacity承载力12. soil mass土 体13. c on tact s

14、tress （pressure接 触应力（压力）14. c oncen trated load集 中荷载15. a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16. homoge neous均质17.isotropic各向同性18. strip footing 条基19. square spread footi ng方形独立基础20. underlying soil （stratum ,strata下卧层（土）21. dead load =sustained loadB载 持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short -erm tran sie nt load

15、 短期瞬时荷载24.lon g-term tran sie nt load 长期荷载25. reduced load折 算荷载26. settleme nt 沉降27. deformati on 变形28. casi ng 套管29. dike=dyke 堤（防）30. clay fraction 粘粒粒组31. physical properties物理性质32. subgrade路基33. well-graded soil 级配良好土34. poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35. no rmal stresse正应力36. shear stresse剪 应力37. pri

16、ncipal pla ne 主平面38. major (in termediate, mi nor) prin cipal stress最 大(中、最小)主应力39. Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40. FEM=fi nite eleme nt method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42. pore water pressure孔隙水压力43. preco nsolidatio n pressure先 期固结压力44. modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45. co

17、effice nt of compressibility 压缩系数46. compressio n in dex压缩指数47. swelling index 回弹指数48. geostatic stress!重应力49. additional stress附加应力50. total stress总应力51. fi nal settleme nt 最终沉降52. slip line 滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 braci ng of foun datio n pi

18、t 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewateri ng method降低地下水位法9 well poi nt system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well poi nt 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts支 撑围护13 braced excavation支 撑开挖14 braced sheeti ng支撑挡板七. 深基础-deep foun dati on1. pile foun d

19、ati on 桩基础1）cast -n-place 灌注桩divi ng casti ng cast-i n-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-i n-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2) belled pier foun dation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩un der-reamed bored pier3) precast con crete pile® 制混凝土桩4) steel

20、 pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pilei 冈板桩5) prestressed con crete pil预应力混凝土桩prestressed con crete pipe pil预应力混凝土管桩2. caiss on foun dation沉井(箱)3. diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4. friction pile 摩擦桩5. e nd-beari ng pile 端承桩6. shaft竖井；桩身7. wave equatio n an alysis波 动方程分析8. pile caps承台(桩帽)9. bearing capac

21、ity of single pile单桩承载力10.lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验".ultimate lateral resista nee of si ngle pile单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13. vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15. high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile

22、 单桩抗拔极限承载力17. sile nt pili ng 静力压桩18. uplift pile 抗拔桩19. a nti-slide pile 抗滑桩20. pile groups 群桩21. efficie ncy factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（n）22. efficie ncy of pile groups 群桩效应23. dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24. fi nal set最后贯入度25. dy namic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26. pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27. pi

23、le head=butt桩头28. pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29. pile spaci ng 桩距30. pile plan桩位布置图31. arra ngeme nt of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32. group action 群桩作用33. end bearing=tip resistanc桩端阻34. sk in（ side） fricti on=shaft resista nce桩侧阻35. pile cushi on 桩垫36. pile drivi ng(by vibratio n)(振动)打桩37. pile

24、 pulling test 拔桩试验38. pile shoe 桩靴39. pile n oise打桩噪音40. pile rig 打桩机八. 地基处理-ground treatment1. tech ni cal code for ground treatme nt of buildi ng 建筑地基处理技术规范2. cushi on垫层法3. preloadi ng 预压法4. d yn amic compact ion 强夯法5. d yn amic compact ion replaceme n 强夯置换法6. vibroflotation method 振冲法7. sa nd-gra

25、vel pile 砂石桩8. gravel pile(st one colu mn碎石桩9. ceme nt-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水 泥粉煤灰碎石桩10. ceme nt mixi ng method 水泥土搅拌桩11. ceme nt colu mn 水泥桩12.lime pile (lime colu mn)石灰桩13. jet grout ing高压喷射注浆法14. rammed-ceme nt-soil pile 夯实水泥土桩法15.li me-soil compacti on pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted colu mn 灰土挤

26、密桩lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩16. chemical stabilization化学加固法17. surface compaction表 层压实法18. surcharge preloadi ng超载预压法19. vacuum preloadi ng 真空预压法20. sa nd wick袋装砂井21. geofabric ,geotextile土工织物22. composite foun datio n 复合地基23. re in forceme nt method 加筋法24. dewateri ng method降低地下水固结法25. freez ing and heat

27、i ng冷热处理法26. expa nsive ground treatme n膨胀土地基处理27. gro und treatme nt in moun ta in areiU 区地基处理28. collapsible loess treatme ntS陷性黄土地基处理29. artificial foundation 人工地基30. n atural foun dation 天然地基31. pillow 褥垫32. soft clay ground 软土地基33. sa nd drain 砂井34. root pile 树根桩35. plastic drain塑料排水带36. replac

28、eme nt ratio (复合地基)置换率九. 固结 consolidation1. Terzzaghi'c on solidatio n theory 太沙基固结理论2. Barra on'scon solidati on theory 巴隆固结理论3. Biot 'co nsolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over con solidation rati on (OCR)超固结比5.overc on solidati on soil 超固结土6. excess pore water pressur超 孑 L压力7. multi-dimension

29、al consolidation 多维固结8.on e-dime nsio nal con solidatio n维固结9. primary con solidatio n 主固结10. sec on dary con solidation次 固结11. degree of con solidati on 固结度12. consolidation test固结试验13. consolidation curve固结曲线14. time factor Tv 时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16. preco nsolidatio n pressur

30、e前期固结压力17. pri nciple of effective stress18. consolidation under KO condition KO 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1. undrained shear stre ngt不排水抗剪强度2. residual stre ngth残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4. peak stre ngth峰值强度5. shear strain rate剪切应变速率6. dilatation 剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear stre ngt剪胀抗剪

31、强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear stre ng抗剪强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔一库仑理论10. angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11. cohesio n 粘聚力12. failure criterion 破坏准则13. va ne stre ngth十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compression无 侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure env elop有 效应力破坏包线16. effective stress stre ngth

32、 paramete有 效应力强度参数十一-.本构模型-constitutive model1. elastic mode I 弹性模型2. non li near elastic model 非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4. viscoelastic mode I 粘弹性模型5. bo undary surface mode 边界面模型6. Du ncan-Cha ng mode 邓肯张模型7. rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8. cap model盖帽模型9. work softe ning 加工软化10. work harden

33、ing加工硬化".Cambridge modeI剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic mode 理想弹塑性模型13. Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔库仑屈服准则14. yield surface 屈服面15. elastic half-space fou ndatio n mode弹性半空间地基模型16. elastic modulus 弹性模量17. Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力-bearing capacity of foundation soil1. p un chi ng sh

34、ear failure冲 中剪破坏2. ge neral shear failure整 体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4. state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5. critical edge pressure!临塑荷载6. stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7. ultimate beari ng capacity of foun dati on soil 地基极限承载力8. allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三.土压力-

35、earth pressure1. active earth pressured 动土压力2. passive earth pressures 动土压力3. earth pressure at res静 止土压力4. Coulomb'earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5. Ra nkin e'earth pressure theory朗 金土压力理论 十四.土坡稳定分析-slope stability analysis1. a ngle of repose休 止角2. Bishop method 毕肖普法3. safety factor of slope边坡

36、稳定安全系数4. Felle nius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6. slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙-retai ning wall.stability of retaining wall 扌当土墙稳定性2. foundation wall 基础墙3. co un ter retai ning wall 扶壁式挡土墙4. ca ntilever retai ning wall 悬臂式挡土墙5. ca ntilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6. gravity retaini

37、ng wall 重力式挡土墙7. a nchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8. a nchored sheet pile wal 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物-sheet pile structure1. steel sheet pile钢板桩2. reinforced concrete sheet pil连冈筋混凝土板桩3. steel piles 钢桩4. woode n sheet pile木 板桩5. timber piles 木桩七. 深基础-deep foun dati onl. pile foun dati on 桩基础1) cast -n-pl

38、ace 灌注桩divi ng casti ng cast-i n-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-i n-place piie 控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2) belled pier foun dation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩un der-reamed bored pier3) precast con crete pile® 制混凝土桩4) steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pil

39、e 钢管桩steel sheet pilei 冈板桩5）prestressed con crete pile® 应力混凝土桩prestressed con crete pipe pil预应力混凝土管桩2. caiss on foun dation沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4. friction pile 摩擦桩5. e nd-beari ng pile 端承桩6. shaft竖井；桩身7. wave equatio n an alysis波 动方程分析8. pile caps承台（桩帽）9. bearing capacity of single pi

40、le单桩承载力10.lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验".ultimate lateral resista nee of si ngle pile单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13. vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15. high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17. si

41、le nt pili ng 静力压桩18. uplift pile 抗拔桩19. a nti-slide pile 抗滑桩20. pile groups 群桩21. efficie ncy factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（n）22. efficie ncy of pile groups 群桩效应23. dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24. fi nal set最后贯入度25. dy namic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26. pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27. pile head=butt桩头28

42、. pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29. pile spaci ng 桩距30. pile plan桩位布置图31. arra ngeme nt of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32. group action 群桩作用33. end bearing=tip resistanc桩端阻34. sk in（ side） fricti on=shaft resista nee桩侧阻35. pile cushi on 桩垫36. pile drivi ng（by vibratio n）（振动）打桩37. pile pulling test 拔桩

43、试验38. pile shoe 桩靴39. pile n oise打桩噪音40. pile rig 打桩机八. 地基处理-ground treatment1. tech ni cal code for ground treatme nt of buildi ng 建筑地基处理技术规范2. cushi on垫层法3. preloadi ng 预压法4. d yn amic compact ion 强夯法5. d yn amic compact ion replaceme n 强夯置换法6. vibroflotation method 振冲法7. sa nd-gravel pile 砂石桩8. g

44、ravel pile(st one colu mn碎石桩9. ceme nt-flyash-gravel pile(CFG冰泥粉煤灰碎石桩10. ceme nt mixi ng method 水泥土搅拌桩11. ceme nt colu mn 水泥桩12.lime pile (lime colu mn)石灰桩13. jet grout ing高压喷射注浆法14. rammed-ceme nt-soil pile 夯实水泥土桩法15.li me-soil compacti on pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted colu mn 灰土挤密桩lime soil pile 灰

45、土挤密桩16. chemical stabilization 化学加固法17. surface compaction表 层压实法18. surcharge preloadi ng超载预压法19. vacuum preloadi ng 真空预压法20. sa nd wick袋装砂井21. geofabric ,geotextile土工织物22. composite foun datio n 复合地基23. re in forceme nt method 加筋法24. dewateri ng method降低地下水固结法25. freez ing and heati ng冷热处理法26. expa

46、 nsive ground treatme n膨胀土地基处理27. gro und treatme nt in moun ta in are山区地基处理28. collapsible loess treatme ntS陷性黄土地基处理29. artificial foundation 人工地基30. n atural foun dation 天然地基31. pillow 褥垫32. soft clay ground 软土地基33. sa nd drain 砂井34. root pile 树根桩35. plastic drain塑料排水带36. replaceme nt ratio (复合地基)

47、置换率九. 固结 consolidation1. Terzzaghi'c on solidatio n theory 太沙基固结理论2. Barra on'scon solidati on theory 巴隆固结理论3. Biot 'co nsolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over con solidation rati on (OCR)超固结比5.overc on solidati on soil 超固结土6. excess pore water pressur超 孑 L压力7. multi-dimensional consolidation 多维

48、固结8.on e-dime nsio nal con solidatio n维固结9. primary con solidatio n 主固结10. sec on dary con solidation次 固结11. degree of con solidati on 固结度12. consolidation test固结试验13. consolidation curve固结曲线14. time factor Tv 时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16. preco nsolidatio n pressure前期固结压力17. pri ncip

49、le of effective stress 有效应力原理18. consolidation under KO condition KO 固结 十.抗剪强度 shear strength1. undrained shear stre ngt不排水抗剪强度2. residual stre ngth残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4. peak stre ngth峰值强度5. shear strain rate剪切应变速率6. dilatation 剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear stre ngt剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. t

50、otal stress approach of shear stre ng抗剪强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔一库仑理论10. angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11. cohesio n 粘聚力12. failure criterion 破坏准则13. va ne stre ngth十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compression无 侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure env elop有 效应力破坏包线16. effective stress stre ngth paramete有

51、效应力强度参数十一-.本构模型-constitutive model1. elastic mode I 弹性模型2. non li near elastic model 非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4. viscoelastic mode I 粘弹性模型5. bo undary surface mode 边界面模型6. Du ncan-Cha ng mode 邓肯张模型7. rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8. cap model盖帽模型9. work softe ning 加工软化10. work hardening加工硬化&quo

52、t;.Cambridge modeI剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic mode 理想弹塑性模型13. Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔库仑屈服准则14. yield surface 屈服面15. elastic half-space fou ndatio n mode弹性半空间地基模型16. elastic modulus 弹性模量17. Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力-bearing capacity of foundation soil1. p un chi ng shear failure

53、冲 中剪破坏2. ge neral shear failure整 体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4. state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5. critical edge pressure!临塑荷载6. stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7. ultimate beari ng capacity of foun dati on soil 地基极限承载力8. allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三.土压力-earth press

54、ure1. active earth pressured 动土压力2. passive earth pressures 动土压力3. earth pressure at res静 止土压力4. Coulomb'earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5. Ra nkin e'earth pressure theory朗 金土压力理论 十四.土坡稳定分析-slope stability analysis1. a ngle of repose休 止角2. Bishop method 毕肖普法3. safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4. Fe

55、lle nius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6. slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙-retai ning wall.stability of retaining wall 扌当土墙稳定性2. foundation wall 基础墙3. co un ter retai ning wall 扶壁式挡土墙4. ca ntilever retai ning wall 悬臂式挡土墙5. ca ntilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6. gravity retaining wall 重力式

56、挡土墙7. a nchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8. a nchored sheet pile wal 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物-sheet pile structurel. steel sheet pile钢板桩2. reinforced concrete sheet pile冈筋混凝土板桩3. steel piles 钢桩4. woode n sheet pile木 板桩5. timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础-shallow foun datio n1. box foun dation 箱型基础2. mat(raft) fou ndation 片筏基础3. strip foun dation 条形基础4. spread footi ng 扩展基础5. compensated foundation补偿性基础6. beari ng stratum 持力层7. rigid foundation 刚性基础8. flexible foundatio