人教初中英语语法定语从句PPT教案

1、人教初中英语语法定语从句人教初中英语语法定语从句beautiful（形容词作前置定语）（形容词作前置定语）一个一个穿白色衣服的穿白色衣服的女孩女孩a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）（介词短语作后置定语）一个一个正唱歌的正唱歌的女孩女孩 a girl is singing who is singing（定语从句，（定语从句，a girl为先行词）为先行词）定语定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制对名（代）词修饰和限制。名。名（代）词称为（代）词称为中心词中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短

2、语和从形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成句作定语要后置，翻译成“的的”。另外名词、。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。定语。第1页/共81页Li Ming is a boy.Li Ming is a good boy .Li Ming is a good boy .形容词作定语形容词作定语介词短语作定介词短语作定语语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做叫做定语从句定语从句。goodwith glasseswho is wearing glasses句子作定语句子作定语

3、第2页/共81页 先行词先行词引导词引导词(关系词）关系词） 从句从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.（被修饰的名词或代（被修饰的名词或代词）词）（跟在先行词后，引（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析定语从句分析 结构：先行词结构：先行词+引导词引导词+从句从句第3页/共81页先行词先行词引导词引导词 从句从句关系关系代词代词 关系关系副词副词who,that ,which ,whom, whose Where, when,why第4页/共81页定语从句定语从句：由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：

4、从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先先 行行 词词： 被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引引 导导 词词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 引导词的作用引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位代替先行词在从句中的位置置第5页/共81页1. 确定先行词：空格之前的确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组单词或词组2. 将先行词带入定语从句，将先行词带入定语从句，还原从句为完整句子还原从句为完整句子3. 根据先行词在还原句中的根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词成分确定引导词第6页/共8

5、1页In which = where 先行词先行词househouse，带入句子，带入句子This is the house_ I live.第7页/共81页关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 先行词先行词 句中作用句中作用省否省否who人人主语主语/宾语宾语 关系代关系代词在句中词在句中作宾语可作宾语可以省略以省略whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语宾语主语宾语 that人物人物主语宾语主语宾语whose人物人物定语定语When时间时间状语状语where地点地点状语状语whyreason状语状语第8页/共81页但是，用作宾语的但是，用作宾语的whomwhom如果不如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常

6、会被是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用省略或用who, thatwho, that代之。如：代之。如：The person to whom I complained is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。The person (who, whom, that) I complained to is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。第9页/共81页in college, is trying to get a job. 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。His house, whose windows were all broken, was a

7、depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。第10页/共81页第11页/共81页This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。She was annoyed by something that I had said.她为我说的某句话而不高兴。她为我说的某句话而不高兴。Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。第12页/

8、共81页the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom.第13页/共81页 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round

9、face. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom. 第14页/共81页 The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.The woman who can speak Russian got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. Th

10、e teacher is famous.The teacher who is famous will give us a talk.第15页/共81页 The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语宾语) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met th

11、e teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.第16页/共81页 Ex:He is the teacher. The teacher can speak French. He is the teacher who can speak French. Do you know the man? He came to visit you today. Do you know the man who came to visit you today?第17页/共81页 The lady stepp

12、ed on his foot. He was dancing with the lady.The lady (whom) he was dancing with stepped on his foot. Do you know the man? You will visit him today.Do you know the man whom you will visit today?第18页/共81页applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is y

13、ours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.第19页/共81页Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers. Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night. 第20页/共81页A plane is a machine. It can fly

14、.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.第21页/共81页关系词关系词注意注意:从句中的谓从句中的谓语动词要和语动词要和先行词保持先行词保持一致一致that指人或物指人或物which指物指物who指人指人第22页/共81页(3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little (that) I can do for you. 注意注意1 1：部分时候：部分

15、时候thatthat可以省略，如可以省略，如部分例句将部分例句将thatthat用括号括用括号括住住。注意注意2 2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用以用whowho(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。第23页/共81页that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, t

16、he old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？第24页/共81页we have learned? 7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago. 8.当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which 第25页/共81页 who,that （先

17、行词为人）区别（先行词为人）区别1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况：(1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。当先行词为人称代词时。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise2.只能用只能用which which 的情况的情况: : 1.介词前置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物先行词为物)2. 引导非

18、限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1) She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. (2)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.第26页/共81页Read the text again and find the Attributive Clauses:1. My necklace is not the only thing thats missing

19、. 2. This is the cage that Polly lives in.3. We are looking for a thief who likes stealing parrots and necklace.6. Ill shoot anyone who moves!4. When was the last time (that ) you saw the parrot?5. It was about some thieves who robbed a train 第27页/共81页7. Ill shoot anyone who moves, anyone who moves!

20、8. Is that the parrot which you are looking for?9. And is this the necklace that was stolen?10. Polly was the thief who stole Mums necklace!第28页/共81页1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether2Is there anything else_you require? A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _w

21、e visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A.which B.that C.it D.whom5.There is no dictionary_you can find everything. A.that B.which C.where D.in that6.This is one of the best books_. A.that have ever b

22、een writtenC.that has written B.that has ever been written D.that have writtenABBBCA第29页/共81页7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ _ _ he saw on the way to the Paris. A.what B.that C.which D.where8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it9.Is there anything_to you?

23、A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belong10.The scientist and his achievements_you told me about are admired by us all. A.which B.that C.who D.whose11.Which of the books_were borrowed from him is the best? A.which B.what C.that D.whoseBABBC第30页/共81页12.The terrible typhoon kille

24、d the people and cattle _ were in the fields.13.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.14.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.15.This is the second novel _I have ever read.16.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.17.Who is the man _ is reading under the

25、 tree?18.My hometown is not the same one _ it used to be twenty years ago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthat第31页/共81页whosewhose 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语, ,表示引导词表示引导词与与 whosewhose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。 whosewhose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of of whichwhich互换使用。互换使用。 This is the book This is the book whosewhose c

26、over is blue. cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of whichof which the cover the cover is blueis blue This is the book This is the book the cover of whichthe cover of which is is blueblue第32页/共81页Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our classDo you know the girl whose hair is t

27、he hair of whomvery short in our class?He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterdayHe is the student whose pencil the pencil of whomI broke yesterday. 第33页/共81页Mr King was quickly taken to hospital. Her legs were badly hurt.Mr King, Mr King, whosewhose legs were badly hurt, legs were badly hurt, w

28、as quickly taken to hospital.was quickly taken to hospital.We shall make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story.We shall make a decision about Ms We shall make a decision about Ms King, King, whosewhose story I have told you. story I have told you.第34页/共81页.The chair is being repaired n

29、ow.The legs of the chair are broken.The chair,whose legs are broken the legs of which are broken, of which the legs are broken is being repaired now. The boss of the company told the story about . His name was Mr Little.The boss of the company, whose name was Mr Little, told the story about Ms King第

30、35页/共81页This teacher is liked by all the students.I work with her son. This teacher,with whose son I work, is liked by all the studentsThe boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his department.The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.第36页/共81页1 The river

31、_are covered with trees is very long. A which banks B of which banks C whose the banks D the banks of which2 she likes to use words _is clear to him.A of which the meaning B of which meaningC whose of meaning D meaning of which3 The manager_company they worked agreed _their decision.A which, with B

32、in which, to C whose, with D in whose, with4 Look! The dictionary ,_is red, is a birthday gift given by my parents. A which cover B the cover of which C the whose cover D that the cover5 Mr. Brown,_, works as the manager of the company.A we got here in his car B we got here by carC in whose car we g

33、ot here D by whose car we got hereDADBC第37页/共81页6 Will you please show me the girl _name is Linda? A who B whom C whose D which7 It was a meeting ,_importance I did not realize at the time. A which B of which C its D whose8 Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south? A whose B which

34、 C which of D its9 what about the watch price is 100 yuan？ A that B its C which D whose 10 We telephoned the man home we lived in 1996. A whose B in whose C of which D his 11 Mark Twins , for _life had once been very hard, wrote many famous novels. A whose B who C whom D his 12 There is a mountain _

35、is always covered with snow. A whose the top B of which top C its top D of which the top CDADBCD第38页/共81页As As 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句.当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,the same时时,关系代词用关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。宾语或表语。1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.I shou

36、ld like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.I will read as many books as are required.5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.第39页/共81页第40页/共81页第41页/共81页第42页/共81页指代对象指代对象 先行词先行词 关系副词及相应结构关系副词及相应结构时间时间dayyeardatetimewhenduring which t

37、ime地点地点the placethe city地点地点wherein whichfrom which原因原因the reasonwhythatfor which第43页/共81页when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介介词词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the leagueon whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介介词词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。This is the house This is the house

38、wherewhere I lived two years I lived two years ago.ago.in which第44页/共81页why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词for+ 关系代词（关系代词（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.1. This is the town _ I was born. This is the town _ I visited last week

39、.2. I will never forget the day _ I came to school. I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.3. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he told me. The reason _he explained is not true. where whichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich第45页/共81页“介词关系代词介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语引导定语从句应注意：从句应注意： 1介词的

40、选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people had had supper.on whichduring whic

41、hin whichby which第46页/共81页B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which第47页/共81页 The boy is in the lab.

42、You want to talk to himThe boy (whom/that) you want to talk to is in the lab.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.第48页/共81页 This is the boy. I sit behind him.This is the boy (whom/that) I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just nowDo you find

43、the pen (which/that) I wrote with just now? Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?第49页/共81页关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词介词 + whomwhichThe woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army2.介词介词 短语短语 + whichwhomThe fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies

44、a well. 3. 不定代词不定代词 或数词或数词 +whichwhomThere are many books here , none of which belongs to me.China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.4.名词名词+ of whichShe mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten.第50页/共81页part of whom/whichThere are 23 students in our class, A:_(他们都）他们都

45、） love mothers deeply. B:_ （大多数）（大多数） are from countryside. C:_ （有些）（有些）are from Xiabancheng D:_（没有一个）（没有一个）are from Beijing all of whommost of whomsome of whomnone of whomThere are 23 students in our class. (,and) A:_ (他们都）他们都） love mothers deeply. B:_ （大多数）（大多数） are from countryside. C:_ （有些）（有些）

46、are from Xiabancheng D:_ （没有一个）（没有一个） are from Beijingall of themmost of themsome of themnone of them第51页/共81页Every student has many books, A:_（大多数）（大多数）are textbooks.B:_ （一些）（一些） are extra curricular books.C:_ （其余的）（其余的）are reference books.D:_（没有一本）（没有一本）are novels.E:_（有几本）（有几本）are English books.mo

47、st of whichsome of whichthe rest of whichnone of whichseveral of which第52页/共81页1.Do you know who lives in the： building_there is a well? A.in front of it B. in front of whoseC.in front of which D.in front which2.Ill never forget the day_I joined theLeague. A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which3.T

48、he woman_my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom4.Jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklace. A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom5.His glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg. A.which B.with which C.without which D.thatCA

49、BBC做做试试做做试试第53页/共81页6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_much can be learned. A.who B.that C. from which D.from whom 7.He built a telescope_he could study the skies. A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it8.Do you know the reason_he was late? A.that B.which C.for what D.for which9.I have bou

50、ght two ballpens,_writes well. A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of them10.The Second World War_millions of people were killed in 1945. A.during which B.in that C.where D.on whichDCDBA第54页/共81页11.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in whic

51、h C.among which D. one of which12.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with which13.The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high.14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_ which is bright and nice.15.The little girl is reading a book,_which

52、there are many pictures.16.What were the things_which he was not too sureCDatofinof第55页/共81页17.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech.18.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.19.Is this the man_whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?20.The villagers dug a

53、long tunnel_which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.21.Wu Dong,_whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.22.The stories about Long March,_which this is one example,are well written.atforinthroughwithof第56页/共81页1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten wind

54、ows,most of _had not been cleaned for at least one year.2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _ _she could turn for help.3.China has a lot of islands ,the largest_ _is Taiwan.4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_ _ _treated her well, _made her very sad. 5.There are forty stude

55、nts in our class,_ _20 are girls; the rest are boys.whichTo whomof whichnone of whichwhichof whom第57页/共81页Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3. I hate people _ talk much but do little.4. The car _ my fat

56、her bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that第58页/共81页5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked abou

57、t just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.第59页/共81页Exercise 2. 1. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2. Say all _ you know.3. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.

58、第60页/共81页4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.tha

59、tthat第61页/共81页 Jack saw a bicycle advertisement in a newspaper. The price was 68 dollars. So he went to the shop and asked to see the bicycle. The salesman was happy to show him . Jack checked the bicycle carefully. Soon,he said , “There isnt a lamp on this bicycle ,but there was one on the bicycle

60、in the ad.” “Yes ,sir,” answered the man , “but the lamp isnt included in the price of the bicycle. “Not included in the price of the bicycle ?” Jack said angrily, “but the lamp was in the ad.It should be in the price.” “Well ,sir ,” answer the shop owner coldly, “there was also a girl on the bicycl