牛津必修2Unit1Grammar现在完成时和现在完成进行时43PPT

1、 Present perfect tense & Present perfect continuous tense past now Yesterday , we cleaned the classroom.Now , the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it.用法用法1强调强调过去发生的动作过去发生的动作对对现在产生的现在产生的结结果或影响果或影响 1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _2. I

2、 saw this film last week.Now, I know this film because I_.3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before have done it.“仍然，还仍然，还 ” 用在疑问句和否定句用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。中，放在句末。I havent read this book yet .Have you had breakfas

3、t yet ?already:Yet:“已经已经”通常用于肯定句中通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。放在句中。 I have already read this book.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。 Have you eaten up all the food already ?“从来不从来不” 用在否定句中用在否定句中,放在句放在句中。中。Is he famous ?I have never heard of him .evernever“曾经曾经”通常用于疑问句通常用于疑问句和肯定句中和肯定句中,放在句中。放在句中。 I have ever seen this

4、film.Have you ever been to the USA ?“以前以前”用在完成时中，用在完成时中，放在句末。放在句末。have never read this kind of books before.justbefore“刚刚刚刚 ”用在陈述句中用在陈述句中,放在句中。放在句中。 I have just bought a novel。now past I began to teach English at this school fiveyears ago.I have taught English at this school for five years.用法用法2 2：过

5、去发生的动作一直过去发生的动作一直延续延续到现在。到现在。 1. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I _ for four years.2. We went to the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _ (stay) in the USA since last Monday.have workedhave stayedsince and forThe woman has worked at this school for 2 years.( since two

6、 years ago)since 2 years agosince 1998since she came to the schoolfor + for + 时间段时间段since+since+时间点时间点for 2 years/a long time一、用一、用for和和since填空。填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsincefor

7、sincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince1.现在完成时用来表示现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成过去发生或已完成的动作或状态的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果对现在造成的影响或结果,也也就是说就是说,动作或状态发生在动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响过去但它的影响现在还存在现在还存在. I have lost my wallet.(含义是含义是:现在我没有钱花现在我没有钱花了了.) Jane has just had breakfast.(含义是含义是:简现在不饿简现在不饿了了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是含义是:现在仍然很虚弱现在仍

8、然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是含义是:现在已在现在已在此地此地) 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态状态,常与表示常与表示持续的时间状语连用持续的时间状语连用. 表示持续动作或状态的动词多是表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续延续性动词性动词。I havent seen her these days.Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 3. 现在完成时往往同表示

9、不确定的过去时现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用间状语连用,如如already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately等标志词等标志词He has already got a chance to go abroad. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ？4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用连用,如如oft

10、en, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等等: Have you ever been to Beijing？ I have never heard of Bunny.I have used this pen only three times. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 好几次，屡次好几次，屡次5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用的时间状语连用,如如now, just, today, this

11、 morning/week/month/year, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, up to present, so far等等: Peter has written six poems so far. Man has now learned to make use of natural materials.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. Up to these weeks, everything has been successful. have (has)

12、gone to,have (has) been to和have(has) been in的区别1.have (has) gone to表示“已经去某地了”，不能与for+一段时间连用She has gone to Shanghai .(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。)2.have (has) been to表示“曾经去过某地”，不能与for+一段时间连用She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。)3.have (has) been in/at表示“一直呆在某地”，常与时间段搭配（呆了很久）非延续性动词不

13、能与时间段连用：非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。引导的疑问句中。如不能说：如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.()但可以说：但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 mo

14、nths.或：或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book. 或：或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book. 这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。becomebe borrowkeep buyhave begin (start)be on openbe open diebe dead leave-be away come-be here/in go outbe outjoin-be a member/be in

15、 begin to study-study注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：I havent bought anything for two days.通常使用现在完成进行时的几种情况：1.表过去开始的动作持续到现在并仍在继续中She has been talking to me since she saw me.2.表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联 Sorry, Im late, have you been waiting long? Yes, I have been waiting for an hour.

16、 I clean the blackboard every day. Ill clean the blackboard in several minutes. Im now cleaning the blackboard. I cleaned the blackboard several minutes ago. I have cleaned the blackboard for several minutes. I have been cleaning the blackboard for several minutes / since several minutes ago.现在完成时和现

17、在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 I (1)(1)表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作行的动作, , 并有可能持续下去并有可能持续下去, , 强调强调动作的全过程；动作的全过程； 表示从过去到现在的重复性动作。表示从过去到现在的重复性动作。 (2) (2)注意注意: :多用于延续性动词，如多用于延续性动词，如work, live, study, skate, collect 表示在某一特定时间之前曾经发生过的动作表示在某一特定时间之前曾经发生过的动作, ,或者到这一时间为止已经完成的动作或者到这一时间为止已经完成的动作. .1.现在完成时现在完

18、成时: have + 过去分词过去分词2.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时:have + been +现在分词现在分词现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 II（1）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如： The students have been preparing for the exam. （还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。 The students have prepared for the exam. （已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。 （2）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如： Ive bee

19、n reading this book for two hours, but I havent finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。 Ive read this book. 我已读完这本书了。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 II（3）有些表示状态、感情、感觉的静态动词，如：have, like, hate, hear, know, sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如： Theyve known each other since 1970. 自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。 Exercise1. -Mu

20、m, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed1. His broth

21、er has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard 1. -Have you ever_Lintong t

22、o see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. (2008江苏江苏)A. is pr

23、eparing B. was preparingC. had been preparing D. has been preparing2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东山东) A. walks B.walked C. has walked D. had walked3. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008

24、福建福建) A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she_English for a year. (2007湖南湖南) A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建福建)

25、 works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked6. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. (2007江西江西) A. work B. are working C.have been working D.worked8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.(北北京京)had considered B. has

26、 been considering C. considered D. is going to consider10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day.painted had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 1.The price _recently, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A went down, B will go down C has gone down D was going

27、down2. In the past few years there _ great changes in Da Miao town. A is B were C have been D will be.Drill 1 1. I _(have) lunch already 2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet? 3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China. 4. The twin _just _(see) my father. 5. The twins _(see) my father just now.have hadarrivedhasbeen

28、tohasseensaw1.We (study) English for about four years.2.We (live) in Houji Middle School since three months ago.3.The old man _（已经死（已经死了）了）for two years .5.Justin has been missing for two weeks.6. I havent seen Guo Yi these days.Extension 2have studiedhave livedhas been deadChoose the right answers1. I have joined/been in the army for ten year.2. He has been to /gone to Dalian many times.3. She has got ma