专升本英语考试辅导

1、时态和语态时态和语态Contents主要时态主要时态1主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态2真题精炼真题精炼341。 一般现在时的用法1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。例如：。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies

2、 in the east of China. 3） 表示格言或警句。例如：表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。骄者必败。_ it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.A) Believe B) Believing C) To believe D) Believed 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved

3、that the earth is round. 4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： Ann writes good English but does not speak well. Once environmental damage _, it takes many years for the system to recover.A) has doneB) is to doC) doesD) is done2 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：

4、如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去刚才你上哪儿去了？了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a wa

5、rm welcome. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _.A) finish what I didB) finished what I didC) would finish what I was doingD) finished what I was doing 句型句型 ：It is time that sb. did sth. “时间已时间已迟了迟了” “早该早该了了” ， 例如例如It is time you went to bed. would （had） rather sb. did sth.表表示示宁愿某人做某事宁愿某人做某

6、事。例如：。例如： Id rather you came tomorrow. 4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。存在。 Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）。） Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years

7、. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）有可能指刚离去）注意：注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 1）动词）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：等。例如： Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me. 2）情态动词）情态动词 could, would。例如：。例如： Could you lend me your bike? used to / be/get used to used to + do：过去

8、常常过去常常表示过去习惯性的动表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful be used to + doing： 对对已感到习惯，或已感到习惯，或习惯习惯于于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.3.一般将来时 1)shall/will Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will yo

9、u be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。3）be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：例如： We are to discuss the report ne

10、xt Saturday.注意：注意：be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：表示主观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排） Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事不定式，意为马上做某事 He is about to

11、 leave for Beijing.一般现在时表将来 下列动词下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 以以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：例如： Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. 用现在进行时表

12、示将来用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：将来。例如： Im leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 4. 现在完成时；have （has） +过去分词。 一般过去时的时间状语：一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：现在完成

13、时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等等，皆不确定的时间状语。，皆不确定的时间状语。I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）（强调看的动作发生过了） Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A) are to challenge C

14、) have been challengedB) may be challenged D) are challenging用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 注意：注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is +形容词最高级形容词最高级+that结构，结构，that 从句从句要用现在完成时。

15、例如：要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen. 5. 过去完成时 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B，were wr

16、iting, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left Until then, his family _ from him for six months.A) didnt hear C) hasnt heard B) hasnt been hearing D) hadnt heard6. 将来完成时：will have donea. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：有的状态。例如： They will have been married for 20

17、 years by then. b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如： You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. All the machines _ by the end of the following week. a. were repaired b. would be repaired c. will have been repaired d. were being repair By th

18、e time the course ends,_ a lot about Britain. a. well learnt b. we are learning c. we have learnt d. well have learnt It is reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%.A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising7. 现在进行时 a. 表示现在（指

19、说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.（说（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：等。例如： The leaves ar

20、e turning red. 叶子在变红。叶子在变红。 Its getting warmer and warmer. d. 与与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：的主观色彩。例如： You are always changing your mind. 你你老是改变主意。老是改变主意。典型例题典型例题My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has

21、lost, dont findB. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _ and perfected now.A) developed B) have developed C) are being developedD) will have been developed8. 过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发

22、生的背景；一个长动作延续的过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。时候，另一个短动作发生。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station.Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makesAs she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A

23、. read；was falling B. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell9. 将来进行时 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如：测将来会发生的事情。例如： Shell be coming soon. 她会很快来她会很快来的。的。 Ill be meeting him sometime in the future. By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach. 明天此时，我正躺在海明天此时

24、，我正躺在海滩上呢。滩上呢。 10. 现在完成进行时 She has been waiting foe a letter all the afternoon. How long has it been raning?11.过去完成进行时 They had been waiting for the bus for an hour before the bus came. The old man tols me that he had been living here all his life.12.过去将来时 The father was certain that his son would s

25、ucceed.被动语态被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成： be + 过去分词过去分词 A building was damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。 Our plate was made in China. 我们的盘我们的盘子是中国生产的。子是中国生产的。 Everybody needs to love and to be loved in this world. 1、被动语态的时态较常见的几种，现以动词clean为例 说明： 一般现在时一般现在时 is /am /are +cleaned 一般过去时一般过去时 was/were +cl

26、eaned 一般将来时一般将来时 will/shall be cleaned 过去完成时过去完成时 had+been +cleaned 现在完成时现在完成时 has/have been cleaned 过去进行时过去进行时 was/were being cleaned 现在进行时现在进行时 is/am /are being cleaned 历年英语考试中出现的被动语态 英语考试中的被动语态主要考查了一般现在时、英语考试中的被动语态主要考查了一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、含有情态动词等的被现在进行时、现在完成时、含有情态动词等的被动语态。动语态。 例例1：Once environmenta

27、l damage _, it takes many years for the system to recover.(CET-4,1997/6)A) has done B) is to do C) does D) is done The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _ and perfected now.（CET-4，1996/1）A) developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed 例例3：Gre

28、at as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.（CET-4，1997/1）A) are to challenge B) may be challenged C) have been challenged D) are challenging 例例4：As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _.（CET-4，1997/6）

29、A) ought to be said B) must say C) have to be said D) need to sayThe glass _ . It _ by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken 08年 The small village is said _ in a battle during WWII. A. to have been destroyed B. to be des

30、troyed C. to destroy D. to have destroyed He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them. A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listened C. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen We cant use the bridge now, because it_ . A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired When water_ , it will be changed into vapour. A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats We cant enter the room because its door_ . A. locked B. locks C. is locke