Listeria Control

1、Listeria Control 李斯特控制Much easier than Allergen Control比过敏原容易得多What is Listeria?什么是李斯特？ Listeria is a bacterium that is commonly found in the environment (ubiquitous) 李斯特是一种在环境中广泛存在的细菌 （无处不在） Listeria is resistant to freezing, drying and heat 李斯特能耐冷冻、耐干燥和耐热 It is capable of surviving in the environm

2、ent, even in a freezer 它能在环境中存活，即便在冷冻库中 Listeria is considered a post-processing contaminant in fully cooked foods 在熟食中，李斯特一般被认为是后续的污染How dangerous is Listeria monocytogenes?单增李斯特危害性 Listeria is the only organism that can cross the placental wall and attack the fetus 李斯特是唯一可以穿过胎盘壁且可以攻击/损 伤胎儿 Spontan

3、eous abortions and stillbirths are common李斯特能造孕妇流产和死产 US statistics indicate that the mortality rate is over 20%美国的统计显示致死率是20%Controls for Listeria 李斯特的控制 Controls include GMPs, Sanitation and Training控制措施包括GMPs，清洗消毒和培训 Controls are product, process and facility specific 控制包括：产品，生产过程和车间内具体区域 Control

4、s must target eliminating the organism from the FC area and eliminating entry of the organism into the processing area 控制必须消除全熟区域的微生物，同时消除 外来微生物进入加工区域的机会What is the risk? 什么是导致李斯特菌污染的风险 Because Listeria is killed on product during the cooking process, the risk is from post processing contamination.

5、因为李斯特菌在热处理过程中能被杀死， 所以风险来自于热处理加工后污染。 Begin development of the control plan with an assessment of the product flow and identification of those areas or steps that may allow contamination of the fully cooked product 在开始制定控制计划的第一步应对产品的流程进行评估，识别出哪些区域或过程可能会导致交叉污染Direct Contact Environmental Sources环境污染源-直

6、接接触面 First area to consider is direct contact areas 首先考虑直接接触面 Common sites include: 常见的点包括：1. filling or packaging equipment 填充或包装设备2. conveyors 传送带3. slicers, dicers切片机，切丁机4. hand tools, gloves, aprons工器具，手套，围裙5. spiral freezers/blast freezers 螺旋式急冻间，气流急冻间Indirect Environmental Sources间接环境污染源 Liste

7、ria can survive in the environment and will establish growth in niches 李斯特能在环境中存活并生长形成滋长生态位（死角） As production occurs in the area, Listeria will exit niche areas and deposit on product and equipment.当生产的时候，李斯特将从滋长的环境中落在产品和设备上。 Listeria does not move by itself; we move it from its niches by people, wa

8、ter or air. 李斯特不会自己移动，通过人员，水或空气移动 Second step in control planning is identifying and eliminating niche areas 控制计划的第二步就是要识别和消除李斯特滋生的环境Reservoirs (niches) Where does it Hide?生态位（死角）-藏在哪里？Equipment framework hollow tubing 设备框架空管Floors 地面Drains 下水道Walls, especially if there are cracks that retain moistu

9、re 墙壁，特别是哪些含有水分的缝隙Ceilings, overhead structures, catwalks 天花，头顶上方的设施Condensate 冷凝水Poor or rough welds on equipment 设备上粗糙的焊接处Grease in bearings 轴承上的润滑油Reservoirs生态位（死角）藏在哪里？ Insulation around pipes and cooling units that has become wet 制冷管道和制冷机的保温材料 Trolleys, forklifts, walk-alongs 手推车，叉车 Cleaning to

10、ols such as sponges, brushes, floor scrubbers 清洁用具如海绵布，刷子，地刮 Maintenance tools 维修工具 Refrigeration units制冷机 Freezers 急冻间Traffic Sources 流通过程中的污染Third step is to consider potential for Listeria to be brought back into the environment 第三步就是要考虑流通过程中将李斯特重新带回环境中的潜在因素 People not following GMPs; wearing of

11、footwear that is not impervious to moisture 人员没有遵守GMPs；鞋子不防水 People violating separation of raw and FC 人员生熟区人员串岗 Equipment forklifts, carts (difficult to clean) 设备叉车，推车（难以清洗） Packaging cartons, film rolls 包材纸箱，捆膜 Maintenance tools, violation of GMPs because they are needed quickly in FC area 维修工具，违背

12、GMPs 因为这些工具急于在熟区中使用Potential Niche Sites潜在的死角 Wet, Rusting or Hollow rollers 潮湿、生锈或空的滚轴 Roller guards 滚轴挡板 On/off switches 开关 Rubber seals around doors 门框橡胶密封条 Fibrous/porous conveyor belts 纤维、多空的传送带 Conveyor scrapers 传送带的刮板 Damp insulation 防潮绝缘部位 Cracked hoses 破裂的水管Air Flow 气流Maintain positive air

13、flow in FC areas 保持熟区气压正压Air handling units must be cleaned regularly 进风系统应该定期清洁HEPA filters should be used on air flow into FC (Listeria is 0.5 microns)熟区应使用高效过滤Compressed air used for direct product 直接与产品接触的压缩空气contact must be filtered at point of use.与产品直接接触的空气还需在使用处过滤Fogging with 200 ppm Quat de

14、livers sanitizer to niches that cannot be accessed with liquid 用200 ppm的季铵盐喷雾消毒那些消毒水难以到达的死角Construction Events工程改造 Any disturbance to the integrity of the environment can release Listeria from a niche 熟区环境完整性的任何破坏能将死角中的李斯特 菌释放出来。 Construction events must be isolated from active production areas 工程改造

15、必须与正在生产的区域隔离 Once construction is completed, at least 3 Sanitation cycles should occur before production can use the area 当改造完成后，在恢复使用前，至少应该有3次的消毒Sanitizers消毒剂 Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) have been shown to be effective against Listeria 季铵盐已被证明能有效地杀灭李斯特菌 Quats have the advantage of residua

16、l effect and are very non-corrosive 季铵盐有残留时间长的优势，且不容易腐蚀性设备 Sanitizers containing peracetic acid and peroctanoic acid have been shown to be effective against biofilms that can harbor Listeria 含有过氧乙酸的消毒剂能有效地杀灭李斯特藏匿的生物膜。Past Events that have Contributed以往发生案例 Used equipment brought in from storage or a

17、nother plant 使用暂存处的设备或别的工厂（车间）带入的设备 New employee not properly trained in Listeria avoidance 新员工没有很好地培训 Equipment breakdown maintenance rushes to repair and avoids proper procedures 设备故障-维修人员匆忙维修，没有遵循正确的程序 Personnel who handle FC product touch surfaces that are contaminated (floor, trash) 处理全熟产品的人员接触

18、了被污染的表面（地面、垃圾）Past Contributors (contd)以往发生案例Wheels on carts not treated with sanitizer 推车的车轮没有用消毒剂消毒Floors not maintained in dry condition 地面没有保持干燥Pitted, rusted, corroded equipment 有凹痕，生锈，腐蚀的设备Wheels on carts not covered so that water flips onto product 推车的车轮没有罩子，脏水溅到产品上Drain back up 下水道堵塞Frequent product changeovers 频繁的产品转换Equipment part