新概念英语_第二册_Lesson4

1、Grammar一、现在完成时的含义一、现在完成时的含义:一个动作发生在过去，已完成对现在有一定的影响。Eg：I have had breakfast. We have watched this film. ：动作发生在过去，持续到现在并有可能一直持续下去。Eg：We have learnt English for six years. They have been here since they were born. 强调一个动作重复的次数或者量的累积。Eg：She has read this book three times. You have learnt four lessons til

2、l now. pastfuture一般过去时一般过去时nowhave/has + 过去分词（过分）二、现在完成时的结构二、现在完成时的结构 1. 肯定式肯定式 现在完成时由现在完成时由“助动词助动词have/has+过去分词过去分词”构构成；规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过去式相成；规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表；同，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表；have可缩写为可缩写为ve，has可缩写为可缩写为s。 Theyve worked in the factory for ten years. 他们在这个工厂工作十年了。他们在这个工厂工作十年了。

3、 Hes been there before。 他以前去过那儿。他以前去过那儿。2. 否定式否定式 现在完成时的否定式就是在现在完成时的否定式就是在has/have后加后加not，have not可缩写为可缩写为havent，has not可缩写为可缩写为hasnt。 I havent found my lost cat. 我还没有找到我丢失的猫。我还没有找到我丢失的猫。 She hasnt finished her homework yet. 她还没有完成她的家庭作业。她还没有完成她的家庭作业。 3. 疑问式疑问式 现在完成时的疑问式就是把助动词现在完成时的疑问式就是把助动词has，have

4、提到句首：提到句首： Have you been to Dalian? 你去过大连吗？你去过大连吗？ Has she received my letter? 她已经收到我的信了吗？她已经收到我的信了吗？ 句型转换句型转换 (每空一词每空一词) 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句改为否定句)I been to Macau before. 2. He has learned English for 5 years. (改为一般疑问句改为一般疑问句) learned English for 5 years? 3. I bought a new bike ju

5、st now. (用用just改写改写)I just a new bike.三、现在完成时的时间状语三、现在完成时的时间状语 1. 现在完成时与不明确的过去时间状语副词现在完成时与不明确的过去时间状语副词before，just，already，yet，ever等连用。等连用。Eg：I havent seen him before. 我以前没有见过他。我以前没有见过他。 They have just done their homework. 他们刚做完作业。他们刚做完作业。 2.现在完成时与现在完成时与for/since等引导的持续性时间状语或等引导的持续性时间状语或these days，so

6、far/till now等包括等包括“现在时间现在时间”在内的时间状语连用。在内的时间状语连用。Eg： I have known him for six years. 我认识他六年了。我认识他六年了。 The doctor has saved over two hundred peoples lives so far. 到目前为止，这位医生已挽救了二百多人的生命。到目前为止，这位医生已挽救了二百多人的生命。 用用for 或或since填空。填空。 1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.

7、 3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country 1974. yet，already，just与与ever 的区别的区别yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾，用于疑问句中常译为常用于否定句和疑问句句尾，用于疑问句中常译为“已已经经”，用于否定句中常译为，用于否定句中常译为“尚未，还尚未，还”already常用于肯定句中，常译为常用于肯定句中，常译为“已经已经”，当它用

8、于疑问，当它用于疑问句时，往往表示句时，往往表示“惊讶、怀疑、不相信惊讶、怀疑、不相信”等语气等语气just常用于肯定句，常用于肯定句，ever常用于疑问句。常用于疑问句。1.Have you had your breakfast ? 你已经吃过早餐了吗？你已经吃过早餐了吗？ Yes, I have had it. 是的，我已经吃过了。是的，我已经吃过了。 2.- Has she made the cake?- 她已经做完蛋糕了她已经做完蛋糕了 ？3. I have finished my homework.-我刚刚完成作业。我刚刚完成作业。4.-Have you seen the film?

9、 你曾经看过这部电影吗？你曾经看过这部电影吗？ have /has been to与与have /has gone to的区别的区别 have (has) been to表示已经表示已经去过去过某地，人离开某地，人离开了某地，了某地，已经返回已经返回。 have (has) gone to表示人已经表示人已经去了去了某地，人不某地，人不在说话地，在说话地，还未回来还未回来。 He has been to Japan twice. 他他去过去过日本两次。（日本两次。（人已经回来人已经回来） Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪儿？吉姆在哪儿？ He has gone to the post of

10、fice. 他他去了去了邮电所。（邮电所。（人还未回来人还未回来） 填入填入has / have been 或或has / have gone. 1. Harry： I saw you in the restaurant last night.Diana： No, it wasnt me. I never there.2. Sam： Sally and Tim are on holiday, arent they? Where they to ?Sue：To China, again.Sam： How many times they there?Sue： This is their third

11、 visit. 3. Alan： Wheres Tony? Mary： Hes got a headache so he to bed.4. Steve： Can I speak to Jill, please?Lynn： Shes out, Im afraid. She to the cinema this evening.Steve： Again? She already to the cinema three times this week.Lesson 4 Lesson 4 An exciting tripAn exciting trip Have you heard of Austr

12、alia?koalakangarooThe Sydney opera housewoolexciting adj. 令人兴奋的 receive v. 接受，收到firm n. 商行，公司 different adj. 不同的centre n. 中心 abroad adv. 在国外 New wordsexciting adj.exciting a.令人兴奋的令人兴奋的, 使人激动的（主语是物）使人激动的（主语是物） Eg：This news is very exciting . excited a.（自己）感到兴奋的（主语是人）（自己）感到兴奋的（主语是人） Eg：We are very exc

13、ited about this news.receive v.接受，收到（客观的收到）接受，收到（客观的收到）1.接受，收到，接受，收到，Eg：她收到了一份礼物。：她收到了一份礼物。 She received a present. receive a letter from sb. =hear from sb. 收到收到的来信的来信Eg：I received a letter from my brother. = I heard from my brother.2.接待，接见接待，接见Eg：We usually receive guests on Saturday. firm n.商行，公司

14、1.n. 公司，商号公司，商号law firm 法律公司法律公司Eg：他为一家工程公司工作。：他为一家工程公司工作。 He works for an engineering firm.2.adj. 结实的，稳固的结实的，稳固的Eg：这部小汽车非常坚固。：这部小汽车非常坚固。 The car is very firm.（1）不同的，相异的（经常与）不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）：连用）： be different from.与与不同不同Eg：Desks are different from tables. My plan/idea is different from yours.（2）各种

15、各样的，不同的：）各种各样的，不同的：Eg：He has visited many different places in China. 他去过中国的不少地方。他去过中国的不少地方。adv. differently, n. difference centre n.中心，中央 （美式center）the center of town 市中心市中心town centre= downtown 市中心，市区市中心，市区经典用法：经典用法：in the center of: 在中间在中间, 在中央在中央 in the middle of in the centre (of sp), adj. centr

16、al中央的，中心的中央的，中心的abroad adv. 在国外，到处，广泛在国外，到处，广泛go abroad 去国外去国外live abroad 到国外定居到国外定居study abroad 到国外学习到国外学习Eg：他在国外生活了许多年。：他在国外生活了许多年。 He lived abroad for many years. 你出国度假吗？你出国度假吗？ Are you going abroad for your holidays? 他有生以来从未到过国外。他有生以来从未到过国外。 Hes never been abroad in his life. 1. How long has Tim

17、 been in Australia?Listen and answer the question.Tim has been in Australia for six months.2. What does he do in Australia?He is working for a big firm as an engineer.3. Why is Tim finding the trip exciting?Because Tim has never been abroad before. This is his first trip abroad.Notes on the text I h

18、ave just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.Notes on the textHe has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this tri