电子商务 中英对照E-commerce Chapter9

1、22 Finding and evaluating Web-hosting services 寻找和评估网络托管服务 Basic functions of electronic commerce software 电子商务软件的基本功能 Advanced functions of electronic commerce software 电子商务软件的高级功能33 Electronic commerce software for small and midsize businesses 中小企业的电子商务软件 Electronic commerce software for midsize t

2、o large businesses 大中型企业的电子商务软件44 Electronic commerce software for large businesses that have an existing information technology infrastructure 拥有信息技术基础设施的大型企业的电子商务软件网页寄存（Web hosting）是指一类因特网寄存服务，它提供个人，组织和用户用于存储信息，图像，视频或任何通过网络可访问的内容的在线系统。寄存公司通常会提供一个界面，让用户远程上传网页内容，然后其他人就可以通过公司来访问用户所寄取的网页。也称虚拟主机：在网络服务器

3、上分出一定的磁盘空间供用户放置站点、应用组件等，提供必要的站点功能、数据存放和传输功能。 Self-hosting Self-hosting 自托管自托管Running servers in-house在内部运行服务器Most often used by large companies一般是大型企业使用的方式9 Third-party Web-hosting service providersThird-party Web-hosting service providers 第三方网络托管服务提供商第三方网络托管服务提供商Offer Web services, electronic comme

4、rce functions 提供Web服务,电子商务功能Often used by midsize, smaller companies 一般中小型企业使用10 Internet service providers (ISP) Internet service providers (ISP) 网络服务提供者网络服务提供者 指通过信息网络向公众提供信息或者为获取网络信息等目的提供服务的机构。 分为： 1.网络接入服务提供者、 2.网络平台服务提供者 （csp） 3.网络内容及产品服务提供者 （csp） Commerce service providers (CSPs)Commerce servi

5、ce providers (CSPs)Provide Internet access and Web-hosting services提供互联网接入和网络托管服务Help companies conduct e-commerce帮助企业开展电子商务11Offer Web server management and rent application software 提供网络服务器管理和出租应用软件：Managed service providers (MSPs)Application service providers (ASPs)Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edit

6、ion12 Service provider hosting arrangementsService provider hosting arrangements 服务提供商托管安排服务提供商托管安排1. Shared hosting：共享虚拟主机 Clients Web site on a server hosting other Web sites simultaneously客户的网站所在的服务器，同时托管其他网站Operated by the service provider at its location131. Shared hosting：共享虚拟主机 Operated by th

7、e service provider at its location 由服务提供者操作。供应商以单一机器，让多个客户共享于此机器内的资源，在供应商与客户间获得最佳的成本比例，客户不需花费巨额自设机器。14152. Dedicated hosting 专用主机Client Web server not shared with other clients客户网络服务器不与其他客户共享，可以不用与其他客户抢主机资源162. Dedicated hosting 专用主机Service provider responsibilities服务提供者的责任Owns server hardware, leas

8、es to client 拥有服务器硬件, 租赁硬件给客户172. Dedicated hosting 专用主机 Maintains Web server hardware, software 维护网络服务器硬件,软件 Provides Internet connection提供互联网连接3. Co-location service主机代管Service provider rents physical space to client服务提供者出租物理空间给客户Provides reliable power supply, Internet connection提供可靠的电力供应,互联网连接 C

9、lients install server hardware and software; maintain server 客户安装服务器硬件和软件;维护服务器 主机代管可让服务器的管理者，省去兴建机房、申请数据线路、机房管理等费用及麻烦。Finding service providers Finding service providers 寻找服务提供者：寻找服务提供者：1. Local telephone directory 本地电话目录2. Web directories 网络目录 The List, Google Directory of Web Host Directories20 W

10、eb server-hosting decisions Web server-hosting decisions 选择托管：选择托管：1. Ensure hardware platform and software combination: 确保硬件平台和软件组合(可根据客流升级)2. Web server requirements 网络服务器的要求(自己网站的交易量和网络流量)Best hosting service:Best hosting service:Scalable hardware and software combinations可扩展的硬件和软件的组合:Adaptable t

11、o meet changing requirements when clients needs grow当客户需要时,可以满足不断变化的需求22Software and hardware products for building Software and hardware products for building sites sites 建立网站的硬件和软件建立网站的硬件和软件1.Externally hosted stores with software tools 带有软件工具的外部托管存储2. Sophisticated electronic commerce software su

12、ites 复杂的电子商务软件套件 Electronic commerce software needs determined by 电子商务软件的决定：1.Expected enterprise size 预期的企业规模2. Projected traffic and sales 预计流量和销售243. Budget 预算Consider online store creation costs versus brick and mortar costs考虑在线商店创建成本Consider external or in-house host costs考虑外部或内部主机成本所有电子商务软件都必须

13、提供:1.Catalog display 目录展示2.Shopping cart capabilities 购物车功能3.Transaction processing 交易处理更大更复杂的网站的软件可能还包括:Software adding features and capabilities to basic commerce tool set比基本的电子商务工具增加了特色和功能(e.g. CRM, SCM, content management) Catalog organizes goods and services Catalog organizes goods and services

14、 being sold being sold 目录组织在售商品和服务：目录组织在售商品和服务：Organizes offerings into departments像实体店一样，把产品分类组织到不同的分区Web store advantage网上商店的好处Single product may appear in multiple categories一件产品可能出现在多个类别下（好处是？） CatalogCatalog: listing of goods and services 目录：产品和服务的展示。Static catalogStatic catalog: 静态目录Dynamic ca

15、talogDynamic catalog: 动态目录1. Static catalog1. Static catalog: simple list written in HTMLOn Web page or series of Web pages2. Dynamic catalog2. Dynamic catalog: stores item information in a database 将项目信息存储在数据库中，有多幅图片、详细描述和搜索功能 Large, well-known electronic commerce sites 大型、知名的电子商务网站：1.Include many

16、features有很多特色2. professional looking 专业3.Use dynamic catalog aides and tools使用动态目录的助手和工具 Small online stores 小型的在线商店(100 items)1.Require simple products or categories list需要简单的产品或类别列表2.Item organization not important产品的组织排列不重要3.Can provide item photos with links可以提供产品照片，和详细信息的链接4.Use a static catalo

17、g使用静态网页37Good sites provide alternative ways to find products use search engine一个好的网站，在客户寻找产品的时候，提供替代方式 （使用网站内搜索引擎）“Never stand in the way of a customer who wants to buy something” Electronic commerce early days 电子商务早期：Used forms-based shopping 使用表单的购物方式filling out online formsTrouble if ordering mo

18、re than one or two itemsProblems 问题Need to write down information 顾客需要写下关于产品的很多信息Customers forgot whether submit button clicked顾客忘记是否确认提交Confusing and error prone 容易出错4142 Electronic shopping cartsNow the standard method for processing sales 现在处理交易的标准方法Keep track of items customer selected 跟踪客户选中的物品

19、view cart contents, add or remove items 可以查看购物车内容,添加条目,删除物品Ordering requires a simple click 一个简单的点击就可以购买Item details stored automatically in cart 产品详细信息会自动存储在购物车44Button click executes the purchase transaction单击按键执行采购交易Screen asks for billing and shipping information屏幕显示请求计费和物流信息 Shopping cart softw

20、are 购物车软件BIZNET Internet Services, SalesCart, WebGenie SoftwareElectronic Commerce, Ninth Edition48FIGURE 9-5 SalesCart shopping cart software page Web: stateless system 网络:无状态的系统Unable to remember anything from one transmission or session to another从一个传输或会话，到另一个地方，网络不会储存任何东西 So shopping cart softwa

21、re must store information for retrieve(检索) later：To create cookies(小型文本文件,)Allows information to be stored explicitly(明确地)Allows unique user identification 允许唯一的用户标识 If browser does not allow cookie storage: 如果浏览器不允许cookie存储:E-commerce software automatically assigns temporary number电子商务软件自动分配临时号码Exa

22、mple: ShopSite Transaction processingTransaction processing: occurs when shopper proceeds to virtual checkout counter 交易处理:当顾客使用虚拟收银台Click checkout button Electronic commerce software performs necessary calculations 电子商务软件执行必要的计算：折扣，税，运费 Web server software switch into secure communication state 买卖双

23、方的Web服务器软件切换到安全通信状态 Most companies use accounting software package 大多数中大型公司使用会计软件包Records sales and inventory movements 记录销售和库存的动态Requires integration with accounting software需要与会计软件集成 Web sites use software to update tax rates 网站使用软件来更新的税率、运费 FedEx and UPS shipping rate software integrates with e-c

24、ommerce software 联邦快递和UPS运费与电子商务软件集成 Other calculations Coupons, special promotions, time-sensitive offers 优惠券,特别的促销活动,时效性强的促销Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edition57FIGURE 9-6 Basic electronic commerce Web site architecture Section topicElectronic commerce software featuresNeeded in large companies大型企业

25、需要的电子商务软件的高级功能 Most large companies have: E-commerce operationsSubstantial business activityNot related to electronic commerce大多数有电子商务业务的大型企业，都有一些与电子商务无关的实质性业务 Important to integrateElectronic commerce activities into the companys other operations让电子商务活动与企业的其他商务活动整合 Basic element: collection of data

26、bases Additional software components can include: 额外的软件组件可以包含：Middleware 中间软件Database 数据库Enterprise application integration 企业应用集成Web services web服务Integration with enterprise resource planning (ERP) software 与企业资源规划软件的集成Supply chain management software 供应链管理软件 DatabaseDatabase：Collection of informa

27、tion 收集信息Stored on a computer in a highly structured way按照高度结构化来组织、存储和管理数据的仓库 Business rulesBusiness rulesHow the company does business 在经济管理的日常工作中，常常需要把某些相关的数据放进这样的“仓库”，并根据管理的需要进行相应的处理。63 Database management softwareDatabase management software 数据库管理系统是一种操纵和管理数据库的大型软件。它对数据库进行统一的管理和控制，以保证数据库的安全性和完整性

28、。用户通过系统访问数据，数据库管理员通过系统进行数据库的维护工作。 Database management softwareDatabase management software 数据库管理系统Makes it easy for users to:Enter, edit, update, retrieve information in the database使用户的操作变得简单：输入、编辑、更新、检索数据库中的信息 Distributed information systemsDistributed information systemsLarge information systems

29、storing data in many different physical locations 将同一数据存储在不同的物理位置的大型信息系统：分布式信息系统 Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edition66 Distributed database systemsDistributed database systemsDatabases within distributed information systems分布式信息系统的所用的数据库，叫做分布式数据库系统lCoComplexity leads to high cost 复杂性导致高成本67 企业应该确定各种商

30、务软件的数据库的水平/等级 Determine database support levelProvided by any electronic commerce softwareDatabase Stores product information: size, color, type, price detail etc.68 Better to have one database serving two sales functions (online and in-store retail) 最好用一个数据库服务企业的两个销售功能 (在线和店内零售)Eliminates errors oc

31、curring when running parallel but distinct databases这样可以消除错误和数据不相容69 MiddlewareMiddleware softwareTakes sales and inventory shipments information from electronic commerce softwareTransmits to accounting and inventory management software70中介软件 InteroperabilityInteroperability互操作性Making information sy

32、stems work together使信息系统一起工作Important goal when installing middleware是中介软件的重要目标Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edition73 Companies can write own middleware or purchase customized middleware 公司可以编写，也可以购买定制的中介软件。 Middleware cost range$50,000 to several million dollarsDepending on complexity Electronic Comm

33、erce, Ninth Edition74 Application programApplication program (application application softwaresoftware, applicationapplication)Program performing specific function执行特定的功能的程序75 Application serverApplication server (computer)应用服务器Takes request messages received by Web server读取将Web服务器接收到的请求消息Runs appli

34、cation program based on request messages contents运行应用程序执行的行动，基于请求消息的内容 Application integrationApplication integration 应用集成Creation of links among scattered applications在分散的应用程序之间创建链接Interconnects organizations business logic连接组织的业务逻辑77Accomplished by programs transferring information:From one applic

35、ation to another通过程序实现传输信息:从一个应用程序到另一个Various program data formats differ各种程序数据格式不同Must edit and reformat dataElectronic Commerce, Ninth Edition78 Types of application servers 应用程序服务器的类型Page-based and component-based systems基于页面 和 基于构建的系统79 Page-based application systemsPage-based application system

36、sReturn pages generated by scripts containing rules返回由脚本规则生成的页面 Present data on Web page with the business logic在网页上根据业务逻辑显示数据Adobe ColdFusion，JavaServer Pages (JSP)80 Component-based application systemComponent-based application system 基于构件的应用系统Separates presentation logic from business logic将显示逻辑与

37、业务逻辑分开Preferred by larger businesses大企业的首选 Enterprise resource planningEnterprise resource planning software Business systems integrating all facets of a business 商务系统将各方面的业务集成起来Accounting, logistics, manufacturing, marketing, planning, project management, treasury functions会计，物流，生产计划，项目管理，财政职能81 电子

38、商务ERP把传统ERP中的采购、生产、销售、库存管理等物流及资金流模块与电子商务中的网上采购、网上销售、资金支付等模块整合在一起8283订单管理财务管理物流管理生产管理ERP系统Web或应用服务器贸易伙伴A贸易伙伴B贸易伙伴C贸易伙伴D互联网EDI图9-9 ERP系统与EDI的集成Web Service是基于网络的、分布式的模块化组件，它执行特定的任务，遵守具体的技术规范，这些规范使得Web Service能与其他兼容的组件进行互操作能使得运行在不同机器上的不同应用无须借助附加的、专门的第三方软件或硬件， 就可相互交换数据或集成。85 Application program interface

39、Application program interface (APIAPI) 应用程序接口General name for the ways programs interconnect with each other是一个通用名称，将程序之间彼此互连的方法 Web APIsWeb APIs: interaction over the Web What Web services can doOffer improved customer service, reduced costs提供改善客户服务、降低成本Transmit XML-tagged data在企业集成的一个应用程序到另一个应用程序之

40、间传输XML-tagged数据What Web services can doProvide data feeds between two different companies提供两种不同公司之间的数据传输 How Web services workKey element 关键元素Programmers write software accessing business application logic units without knowing details 程序员不需要知道单元细节，就可以编写访问业务应用程序逻辑单元的软件Machine-to-machine communicatio

41、n允许用不同的语言编写的程序在不同的平台上交流,完成事务处理,以及进行其他业务任务最初使用HTML完成，现在使用XMLWeb services 工作原理 基础的 Web Services 平台是 XML + HTTP HTTP 协议是最常用的因特网协议。 XML 提供了一种可用于不同的平台和编程语言之间的语言。Web services Web services 平台的元素平台的元素: : SOAP (简易对象访问协议) UDDI(通用描述、发现及整合) WSDL(Web services 描述语言) Section topicsLearn how small and medium-sized

42、businesses use software to implement online business Web sites了解中小企业如何使用软件来实现在线业务网站 Web site createdStands alone in its business activities独立于企业其他业务Does not coordinate completely with business other activities不完全配合业务的其他活动94 Use of service providers shared or dedicated hosting services 使用服务提供者的共享或专用的

43、主机服务 CSPs hosting services advantagesSpread large Web site costs over several “renters” hosted by the service将网站的费用分散到几个“租客”95 Reason for low cost 减少成本的原因Host provider purchases and configures the server主机提供商购买和配置服务器 Host provider keeps server working through storms and power outages 主机提供商维护和保持服务器工作

44、96 CSPs offer free or low-cost e-commerce software 商务服务提供者提供免费或低成本的电子商务软件Electronic commerce sites kept on CSPs server电子商务的软件在CSP的服务器上Cost: less than $20 per month成本：每月20美元以下Designed for small online businesses: 为小型在线业务设计Selling few items (no more than 50)少于50件商品Incurring relatively low transaction

45、volumes (fewer than 20 transactions per day)相对较低的交易量(每天不超过20)Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edition98FIGURE 9-8 Yahoo! Merchant Services page Provide small businesses with: 为小型企业提供:Internet connection, Web site creation toolsLittle or no banner advertising clutter网络连接,网站创建工具，很少或没有横幅广告99 Charges 费用Low mo

46、nthly fee 很低的月租费One-time setup fees 一次性建设费Percentage of (or fixed) amount for each transaction按交易的百分比收费100 Provides 提供：Online store design tools and storefront templates网上商店设计工具和店面模板Easy-to-use interface易于使用的用户界面Web page-generation capabilitiesWeb页面生成功能 Provides:Page maintenance页面的维护Shopping cart so

47、ftware capabilities购物车软件功能Payment processing services 支付/交易处理服务 Main mall-style CSP: eBay stores 主要的购物中心式CSP: eBay (淘宝)Cost: less than $20 per month每月花费少于20美元Each small merchant has its own store每个小商户都有自己的商店 Another example: sell through Amazon 另一个例子:AIndividual sells certain used items个人出售某些二手用品On

48、the same page A lists the new product在同一页面A会列出同样的，新的产品Merchants display offerings by product商家的展示由产品类型分类Mixed in with all other A items与所有其他A条目混合在一起 Basic and mall-style CSPs provide data-mining capabilities 基本CSP和购物中心式csp都提供数据挖掘功能105 Data mining数据挖掘Helps businesses find customers with common intere

49、sts 帮助企业找到客户的共同兴趣Helps discover previously unknown relationships among data有助于发现未知的数据之间的关系106Provides reports indicating: 提供报告Problematic Web pages in stores design 指出商店的网页设计存在的问题Number of pages average customer must load and display before locating desired merchandise提供平均每个客户在找到想要的商品之前需要加载的页面数量Elec

50、tronic Commerce, Ninth Edition108FIGURE 9-9 Approximate costs to put a small store online Estimated costs for self-hosting a Web site 自托管一个网页的费用Setup and Web site maintenance$3000 to $20,000 (one time)建立和维护一个网站：3千-2万美元High-bandwidth Internet connection$600 and $12,000 per year高带宽网络连接：每年6百-1万2美元Secur

51、e server room: $5000 a year安全服务器:每年5千美元Technicians to monitor and maintain equipment$50,000 to $100,000 annually技术人员监控和维护设备：每年5万到10万美元Annual total costs: $60,000 to $100,000每年总成本:6万美元至10万美元 Costs of larger sites: more difficult to estimate 大型网站的成本:更加难以估计Largest elementIntegrating Web site with exist

52、ing systems 最大的元素: Web站点与现有系统集成Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edition112Midsize businesses: start-up costs中型企业:启动成本$100,000 to $500,00010到50万美元Recurring annual costs: about half that amount反复出现的年度成本:大约启动成本的一半113Large businesses: start-up costs大型企业:启动成本$1 million and $50 million100万到5000万美元50 percent of

53、the launch cost every year to operate, maintain, and improve the site每年的维护和改善网站的成本占启动成本的50%的114Provide an outline of Web site development tools提供一个网站开发工具的概述Provide an overview of three specific midrange electronic commerce software products概述三个具体的中端电子商务软件产品115 After Web site creation 建好网站之后：Add purc

54、hased software elements and content management software添加购买的软件元素和内容管理软件Create the middleware创建中介软件116 Buying and using midrange e-commerce software 购买和使用中档电子商务软件More expensive than using a CSP比使用CSP贵$2000 to $50,000117 Midrange software traditionally offers connectivity to database systems 中档软件通常提供连

55、接到数据库系统Store catalog informationConnections into existing inventory and ERP systems连接到现有的库存和ERP系统 Three midrange electronic commerce systems 三个中档电子商务系统1.Intershop Enfinity 软件包2.WebSphere Commerce Suite by IBM IBM电子商务平台3.Commerce Server by Microsoft微软商务服务商 Intershop Enfinity 提供如下服务 Search and catalog

56、 capabilities 搜索引擎和商品目录Electronic shopping carts 电子购物车Online credit card transaction processing 信用卡在线处理The ability to connect to existing back-end business systems and databases 同（后台）业务系统和数据库的连接功能 提供了支持大中型企业在网上销售产品或服务所需要的软件 包括：Catalog templates 商业目录模板Setup wizards 安装向导Advanced catalog tools 先进的目录编制工

57、具 Allows businesses to sell products or services on the Web using the following tools 为网上销售商品或服务的企业提供了以下工具User profiling and management 用户档案管理Transaction processing 交易处理Product and service management 商品和服务管理Target audience marketing 目标市场营销 Provides many predefined reports for analyzing site activiti

58、es and product sales data 提供了分析网站活动和商品销售数据的预制报表 Larger business requirements:更大的业务需求:Same advanced capabilities as midsize firms与中型企业一样的高级功能Ability to handle higher transaction loads来处理更高的事务负载的能力Dedicated software applications专用的软件应用程序Handling specific online business 124 Distinction between midrang

59、e and large-scale electronic commerce software 中型和大型电子商务软件之间的区别Price 价格Extensive support for business-to-business commerce广泛支持b2b商务125 Examples of enterprise-class products that can be used to run a large online business 企业级电子商务软件举例IBM WebSphere Commerce Business EditionOracle E-Business SuiteBroadv

60、ision One-To-One Commerce126 Enterprise-class software 企业级电子商务软件Typically provides good tools for linking to and supporting supply and purchasing activities 企业级电子商务软件一般都为连接和支持供应和采购活动提供良好的工具消费者浏览器购物采购钱包购物网站后台系统商品目录页面构造工具商务服务器www服务器进行授权与结账处理的结算订单履行（库存与EDI）会计系统认证中心安全服务器商家账户消费者消费者账户发卡银行商业银行图9-14 典型的企业级电