精细有机合成单元反应_10缩合反应

1、返回CH3YYXCH2CH3NO2CH2COC2H5CNOCH3COHCH2CCH3CCH3OOCH3COC6H5CH2COC2H5CCH3OOCH3COCH3CH2CNCNCH3COOC2H5CH2COC2H5CC2H5OOOCH3CNCH3CONH2化合物类型化合物类型pKapKa1091791910. 72011约约2413约约25约约25返回NO2RCOCONH2ORCOCN 返回CH3COH+ B脱质子(快)CH2COHCH2COH碳负离子氧负离子+ BHCOOC2H5H2CCOOC2H5+ B脱质子(快)COOC2H5HCCOOC2H5+ BH返回CH3COH + OH脱质子(快)

2、CH2COH碳负离子+ H2OCH3COHCH2COH+亲核加成(慢) +-CH3CHOCH2COHCH3CHOCH2COH + H2O加质子CH3CHOHCH2COH + OH3-羟基丁醛返回CH3CHOHCH2COH3-羟基丁醛加热；或酸催化消除脱水CH3CHCHCOH + H2OCH3COH2+ OHCH3CHCHCOHCH3CH2CH2COHCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2COH +CH3CH2COH20%NaOH催化80130。CCH3CH2CH2CHCH3CH2CH2COHCH2/NiCH3CH2CH3OHCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2返回CH3COH +CH3CH2

3、CH2COHCH3CHOHCH3CH2CH COH消除脱水CH3CHCH3CH2CCOHH2/NiCH3CH2CH3CH2CH COH返回CHO + CH3CHOOHCHCHCHO + H2OH COH +CH3CHCH3COH碱催化CH3CCH3COHHOCH2返回H COH + CH3COH碱催化CH2CCH2COHCH2HOHOHOCH2CCH2COHCH2HOHOHO+ H COH + NaOHCH2CCH2CH2CH2HOHOHOOH + HCOONa季戊四醇(Cannizzaro反应)返回RCOH + OH亲核加成RCOHHORCOH +-RCOHHO+氢转移,亲核加成RCOHO+

4、 RCHHORCONaO+ RCHHOH返回CH3COCH3+ CH3COCH3碱催化CH2COCH3CH3COHCH3返回CH3COCH3+CH3COCH2CH3碱催化CH2COCH2CH3CH3COHCH3消除脱水CHCOCH2CH3CH3CCH3催化加氢CH2COCH2CH3CH3CHCH3返回HCOCH2CHCH3CH3+ CH3COCH3碱催化CHOHCH2CHCH3CH3CHCOCH3消除脱水CHCH2CHCH3CH3CHCOCH3催化加氢CH2CH2CHCH3CH3CH2COCH3CH3COCH3CH2HCl催化烯醇化CH3COHCH3CHCH3COHCH3CH+HCOCH3脱水

5、缩合CH3CCH3CHCOCH3返回CH2COONaR离解CH2COOR+ NaCH2COOR+ CH2COORCOCH2R氢转移CH2COOHR+CHCOORCOCH2R(亲核试剂)返回ArCHO+CHCOORCOCH2R亲核加成ArCHOCHCOORCOCH2RArCHOHCHCOORCOCH2R消除脱水ArCHCCOORCOCH2R水解ArCHCCOOHRCOCH2R+OH-芳基-2-烃基-丙烯酸+HCHO+ (CH3CO)2OPerkin反应CH3COONaCHCHCOOH + CH3COOH肉桂酸返回CYXR1CR2O +HH脱水缩合碱催化CYXR1CR2+ H2O返回CHOCCC+

6、HHOCH3OOCH3脱水缩合乙酸-哌啶催化CHClClCCCOCH3OOCH3乙酰乙酸乙酯Cl Cl返回返回CHOCCC+HHOOC2H5OOC2H5脱水缩合脱羧哌啶催化CHClClCH乙酰乙酸乙酯CH3OCH3OCOOHCH3OCH3O+ H2O + CO2CH3COCH3+ C2H5OCOCOOC2H5Claisen缩合CH3ONaCH3COCH2COCOOC2H5CCH2COOC2H5R1CR2O +HH脱水缩合碱催化CCH2COOC2H5R1CR2COO C2H5COONa+ C2H5OH + R3OH+ R3ONa返回CCH2COOC2H5CO +HHCCH2COOC2H5CCOO

7、 C2H5COOK+ C2H5OH + (CH3)3C OH+ (CH3)3COKClClStobbe缩合叔丁醇溶剂ClCl返回R4ONa(或NaNH2)+ HCR3XCOOC2H5脱质子碱催化R4OH(或NH3)+CR3XCOOC2H5NaR4ONa(或NaNH2)+ HCR3XCOOC2H5脱质子碱催化R4OH(或NH3)+CR3XCOOC2H5NaR1CR2O +CR3XCOOC2H5Na亲核加成R1CR2OCR3XCOOC2H5NaXR1CR2OCR3COOC2H5+ NaX返回COCH3HCHClCOOC2H5+亲核加成NaNH2CCH3OCHCOOC2H5 HClCCH3OCHCOO酯基水解，酸化H脱羧，开环CHCH3OC H返回C