选修UnitReadingCloningWhereisitleadingusPPT课件

1、TwinsThey are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance.第1页/共82页A strawberry plantThe new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant.第2页/共82页一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。第3页/共82页富贵竹插枝即活The gardener should cut the plant, then the cutting produce another new p

2、lant.第4页/共82页1996 cloning sheeps第5页/共82页2001 cloning cattle第6页/共82页我国成功繁殖克隆兔 体形要比普通兔大许多2002年5月中旬成功地繁殖了一只胚胎细胞克隆兔。第7页/共82页2002 cloning cats第8页/共82页2002年4月16日美国第一头克隆牛“艾米”产下牛犊。第9页/共82页2005 cloning dogs第10页/共82页In pairs discuss what you understand about cloning. Then list the questions you want to find o

3、ut. Share your lists with one another. Pre-reading 第11页/共82页1. What is a clone?A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.第12页/共82页2. How is a clone produced？1)The cloning of plants is simple and relative

4、ly easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man-made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). 2)The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.第13页/共82页第14页/共82页3. What benefits can humans gain fr

5、om cloning？Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease). It can help infertile people have babies.第15页/共82页4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned? People may want to clone themselves so they can live fore

6、ver. People may want to clone dead children. People may want to clone their favourite pets.第16页/共82页1. What is the main topic? _ A. Cloning. B. Dolly the sheep . C. It will lead us to some places.2. What is the writing style? _ A. Expositive (说明性的). B. Descriptive. C. Argumentative (议论性的).A A 第17页/共

7、82页Learning tips: The passage is written in the expositive style. That is to say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language. It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to make up his/her own mind.第18页/共82页3. Dolly the sheep _. A. looked exactly

8、like the sheep that provides the egg. B. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus. C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it. D. had the characteristics of all three sheep.B 第19页/共82页4. It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_. A. usually lives as long as the o

9、riginal one B. usually lives longer than the original one C. usually dies earlier than the original one D. is usually as healthy as the original oneC 第20页/共82页5. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning? _A. Cloning can be used for medical purposes. B. Large quantities of food can be pr

10、oduced by cloning.C. Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.D. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.D 第21页/共82页6. Which of the following is wrong? _A. Cloned people could live forever.B. Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid.C. A woman would have difficulty re

11、cognizing her real husband.D. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.A 第22页/共82页7. Which statement is NOT true? _A. Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently. B. Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.C. Cloning is use

12、d by gardeners to make more money.D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.A 第23页/共82页8. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because _. A. its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patienceC. the scientists were rewa

13、rded and got lots of moneyD. many other attempts to clone mammals failedB 第24页/共82页9. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because _. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep10. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most p

14、robably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12C D 第25页/共82页11. The main idea of the text is _ A. animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world. B. animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden. C. animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D.

15、animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future.D 第26页/共82页12. Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text? _A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger

16、than the donor animals.C. There are moral objections to cloning human beings.D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.D 第27页/共82页13. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _. A. the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species. B

17、. Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the whole world. C. Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists. D. there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.D 第28页/共82页Careful reading The main idea of each paragraph.1.Cloning

18、is _ _ 2. Cloning has _ uses.3. The _ of Dolly.4. The _ of clonging in society.5. The _towards cloning.a way of making an exact copy of another animal and blemstwo majoreffectattitudes第29页/共82页It happens both in _ and in _. They can be cloned by _ and _.plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural

19、cloneMan-made clonePara 1: The definition of cloning第30页/共82页1. How many major uses do cloning have? Firstly, commercial Secondly, research2. How many female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep?3. When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born?3Para 2: The major uses and procedures of clon

20、ing1996第31页/共82页About Dolly the sheepEncouraging news: Dolly developed _. Disturbing news:normally Dolly lived for six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original one. Para 3: The problems of Dolly第32页/共82页The word “controversial” in Para 4 probably means _. A. complicated B. argua

21、ble C. important Para 4: The impact of DollyB 第33页/共82页True or false:1. People feared that Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world.2. All the research into human beings will be forbidden.3. Some countries will use cloning in a wise way.Para 5: Peoples reaction to cloningMany governments forbade re

22、search into human beings.T T F 第34页/共82页Hitler: an evil leader第35页/共82页意大利狂人医生:安蒂诺里冒死也要克隆人的科学家:布瓦瑟利耶第36页/共82页1 Read the passage and answer these questions. Comprehending 1. What are the two major uses of cloning? The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants. The second is to research

23、on new plants species and do medical research on animals.第37页/共82页2. Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones? Cloning plants is straightforward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.第38页/共82页3. What was the first clone from an adult animal? At what age did this

24、clone die? 4. Why is cloning controversial in some countries? The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half.Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.第39页/共82页Problems or dangers of cloningAdvantages of cloningA

25、nimals may develop the illnesses of older animals.2 Fill in the chart.Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans. 第40页/共82页Animal clones may die younger than the donor animalsEvil leader may want to clone themselves.There are moral objections to cloning human beings.Cloning

26、plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.Cloning can help save endangered animals.第41页/共82页3 What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage? Is it in favour of cloning or against it? I think the write

27、r is _ because_ _ impartialhe/she does not state any personal opinion about cloning. 第42页/共82页1. Do you support the idea of producing human embryos (胚胎) for medical purposes? Why?2. Do you think it a good idea to use cloned humans for organ (器官) transplants? Why?3. Do you think a cloned human should

28、 have human rights? Why?4. Do you think cloned humans will have the same talents as the original ones? Why? Discussion第43页/共82页As a coin has two sides, everything has two aspects. First, if the cloning is used in a correct way it can bring many conveniences to us. Such as: curing serious illnesses a

29、nd being used to produce commercial quantities of plants. On the other hand, if the cloning is used in an evil way it can cause much trouble: such as moral questions.第44页/共82页Practice activity: Debate Are you in favor of cloning or against cloning? What is your point of view on it?第45页/共82页1. This h

30、appens in plants when gardeners take when twins identical in sex and 1) “when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, when twins identical in是两个时间状语从句。when 引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. (03, 全国)A. unless B. since C. alt

31、hough D. whenD 第46页/共82页2) happen vi. occur by chance; take place (偶然地)发生; 出现 happen to do happen to sb. It happened that happening n. 事件; 偶然发生的事 (常用复数)辨析: happen, occur, take place与come about四词都有“发生”之意, 但有区别。happen 是一般用语, 词义较广, 强调事情 发生的偶然性;occur 用法较正式, 既可以指自然发生, 也 可以指有意安排。碰巧(某人)发生什么事了碰巧第47页/共82页1)

32、When did the explosion _?2) Important elections _ this fall.3) The concert will _ next Sunday.4) How did the quarrel _?occurtake placecome abouthappenUse the above words to fill in the blanks.take place 一般指有计划, 按事先安排的 进行的含义。come about 往往注重事情发生的原因, 常 与how 连用。以上四组词均为不及物动词, 无被动语态。第48页/共82页identity n c/

33、u 身份,本身,本体 1)The police are trying to discover the of the killer. 2) a false identity/ID card 3) She went through an identity crsis in her teens. 自我认同的危机 c 相同,一致,统一性 (with) 1)an identity of interests 2) Fans have a close identity with their team. identify vt 确认,鉴定(身份,性质) 1)The police identified the

34、body as a suspected drug dealer. 2)He refused to identified himself. 3)Please identify your own suitcase before it was put on the plane.identificationidentical第49页/共82页identify with sb(和某人有一样的情感) 和某人产生 共鸣;同情,谅解 1)I like the book because I could identify with some of the characters.identify sb with s

35、th =consider sb to be. The public identify him with the tough guy.identify sth with sth=consider sth to be. You should not identify happiness with wealthidentify sb/sth as.=show sb to be Sometimes the clothes people wear identify them as what class of persons.be identified with identify yourself wit

36、h同情,支持第50页/共82页2.Cloning plants is straightforward. straightforward adj. 简单的, 易懂的， 坦诚的, 坦率的straightforwardly adv. 率直地, 坦诚地straightforwardness n. 率直1)Jack is rough, but always straightforward. 2)Installing the program is relatively straightforward.3)She admired his straightforwardness.第51页/共82页3. It

37、is a difficult task to undertake.undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手做, 从事, 进行; 担任, 承担, 答应, 同意。The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 当然, 这个过程很难实施。The scientist undertakes the experiment.科学家从事这项实验。I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。第52页/共82页完成下列句子。1) The

38、 lawyer _ a new case. 那个律师接了一个新的案子。2) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行).3) He _ _ _ _. (承担一项新任务)undertookundertook a new taskundertake a journey第53页/共82页4. pay off (事业、计划等) 成功; 付清薪水并 解雇; 偿还(债务等)。 At last the determination and patience of scientists paid off 最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报 He paid off the crew of the

39、 ship. 他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。 In the end he paid off all his debts. 最终他还清了所有的债务。 pay back 报答; 报复第54页/共82页用介词back, off, to,填空：1) -Your effort is sure to pay_. - Thank you for your encouragement.2) The supermarket _ which he had ever paid a visit, was burnt to the ground.3) How can I pay you _ for all your

40、 kindness?4) Well, after these years, weve at last paid _ all our debts. offtobackoff第55页/共82页1) contain v. 包含包含, 含有含有2) needed to produce a new sheep 为过去分词为过去分词 短语作后置定语短语作后置定语, 修饰其前面的名词修饰其前面的名词 genes, 构成动宾搭配关系。构成动宾搭配关系。5. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep

41、. 这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的 必需的基因。第56页/共82页辨析: contain 与 include contain “包含, 含有”, 侧重于包含的内容或 成分, “里面装有”; include “包括”, 侧重范围或整体。e.g. 1) Whisky _ a large percentage of alcohol. 2) The book _ forty maps, _ three of Great Britain.containscontainsincluding第57页/共82页6. The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell f

42、rom sheep A are joined using electricity. 从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊A中取出 的卵细胞用电流使之结合。1) using electricity 为现在分词短语作方式状语。2) 联手, 携手 参加活动 和某人一起做事 参军, 连起来join handsjoin in sth. / doing sth join sb. in sth.join up第58页/共82页take part in 指参加某项活动, 并以积极的态度 在所参加的活动中起作用；join “加入”团体或组织；join in 指参加活动和游戏；join sb. in sth. 和某人一

43、起做某事；attend 参加会议 (听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼)辨析: take part in, join, join in 与 attend第59页/共82页7. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 多莉看来是在正常地成长着, 这很令人鼓舞。“that she seemed to develop normally”是同位语从句。为了保持句子的平衡, 同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。如: Soon word came that we won. 第60页/共82页8. Then came the d

44、isturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。本句中, 副词then放于句首, 主语是名词“news”, “that Dolly had become seriously ill”是同位语从句, 句子用了倒装语序。In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns. (05, 辽宁)A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakesC. many lakes lie D. many lakes s

45、tandB 第61页/共82页 disturbing adj. The news from the front is very disturbing. 来自前线的消息令人极为不安。 disturb vt. 扰乱, 使不安, 弄乱; disturbed adj. 被扰乱的, 感到不安的； disturbing adj. 令人不安的。 第62页/共82页如: an interesting story 令人感兴趣的故事 an interested look 感到兴趣的表情 surprised people (感到)惊奇的人们用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空。1) I

46、m very _ about Alice.2) Dont _ the papers on my desk.3) This country is in a _ state.4) What _ news it is!5) A light wind _ the surface of the water. disturbeddisturbdisturbingdisturbingdisturbed第63页/共82页9.Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to a much

47、older animal. 克隆科学家沮丧地发现多莉的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上(按理是不应当发生在Dolly身上的)cast down 使沮丧; 毁掉 (常用于被动语态或作表语)不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.cast away 丢弃 cast off 放弃; 丢弃cast out 赶走第64页/共82页1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。 _2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。 _He was cast down to hear the news.Finding out the truth made him c

48、ast down.将下列句子译成英语。第65页/共82页10. altogether 和和 all together 及及 together1) altogether adv. 总共总共, 完全地完全地, 总之总之, 总而言之总而言之You owe me 68 RMB altogether. Your work is altogether perfect.2) all together 全部全部在同一地方或同一时间在同一地方或同一时间Can you put your books all together in this box?3) together adv. 在一起在一起, 共同地共同地Al

49、l his trouble seemed to come together.Hes bad-tempered, selfish and _ an unpopular man.A. therefore B. altogether C. otherwise D. anyhowB 第66页/共82页11. On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面, 多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对，激发了传

50、媒的热炒和公众的想像力。 object v. & objection n. 反对, 不赞成I feel a strong objection to getting up early.我极不愿意早起。Have you any objection to my opening the window?你反对我打开窗子吗?第67页/共82页object vi.We object to being treated like this. 我们抗议这种待遇。I object to the plan. 我反对这项计划。object vt.I object that he is too young to

51、take that position. 我提出反对意见: 他太年轻不适合那个职位。object to (doing ) sth.object + that 从句objection 是名词, 常与have, take, feel 等连用have / take / feel objection to (doing )sth.第68页/共82页即时练习即时练习: 句型转换句型转换(1) Have you any objection to my opening the window? = Would you _ _ my opening the window?(2) take objection to

52、 smoking. = I _ _ smoking.(3) “But he is too young,” she argued. = She _ that he was too young.object toobject toobjected第69页/共82页12. It suddenly opened everyones eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness, and even to produce human beings. 突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病, 甚至克隆出人的可能性。第70页/

53、共82页At the beginning of class, could be heard outside the classroom. (07, 全国II)A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close C 解析 答案C。题意为: 开始上课时, 开关课桌的声音在教室外都能够听到。第71页/共82页13. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research

54、 are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.attain vt. 获得(尤其指经过努力); 达到(年龄, 水平, 状况等) He attianed success through hard work. He attained the age of 25 before graduating. 第72页/共82页 比较： obtain vt. (经买, 借, 拿等)获得, 得到某物 He always manages t

55、o obtain what he wants. Where can I obtain a copy of her latest books?第73页/共82页14. Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human clothing. 政府开始感到不安, 有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。forbid vt. (forbade; forbidden)禁止, 不许, 妨碍, 阻止 Smoking should be forbidden in public places.公共场所应禁止吸烟。Her father forbid

56、her to go out alone.她父亲不许她单独外出。I forbid you (from)entering my study.我不许你进入我的书房。第74页/共82页forbid sb. to do / forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid sth. 禁止某事与forbid 结构相同的词有：permit sb to do / permit doing sth 允许某人做某事/允许做某事；allow sb. to do / allow doing sth允许某人做某事/允许做某事；advise sb. to do / advise doing sth. 建议某人做某事/