第32讲 主谓一致

1、第第32讲主谓一致讲主谓一致英语英语【名题实战】1David has been away for more than 25 days.I miss him very much.You know，25 days _B_ short.(2014，黔南)Ais Bisnt Care Darent2The summer holidays are coming，so the twins as well as Jack _B_ to Hong Kong for vacation.(2014，黄石)Ais going Bare goingCgoes Dgo3A lot of foreigners _C_ f

2、amiliar with the famous places of interest in China.(2013，上海)Aam Bis Care Dbe4How time flies！Well graduate.Three years _C_ really a short time.(2013，遵义)Awas Bare Cis Dbe5There _B_ many trees in front of my house now.(2013，北京)Ais Bare Cwas Dwere【考点梳理】中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点：1学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；th

3、e姓氏名词复数作主语；一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news，maths；不定代词名词作主语，如both of，neither等。2主语后带有with，except，like，as well as等介词短语。3就近原则，如there be句型，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等。 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。近几年来，浙江各地市中考对以上考点考查的频率很低，同学们复习时只作了解、简单掌握即可。高频考点一语法一致原则语法一致即主语是单数形

4、式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。1当and连接两个或多个名词，或both.and.连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。2不定代词either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形

5、式。如：Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。3由each，each.and each.，every.and every.，every.作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。4主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，more th

6、an，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。5“a number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。The number of students in our class is 3

7、2.我们班学生人数为32。6“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)名词”和“分数或百分数名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。7由“a pair(a kind，a series.)of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds.)of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：A pair of sunglasses is ly

8、ing on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作15双鞋。8某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves.)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。9不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Reading is learning.读书就是学习。【例1】 We make it a rule that each of us _ the bedroom one day a

9、week.Ahas cleaned Bhave cleanedCcleans Dclean解析：“each每一个”强调个体，故用第三人称单数； “one day a week 一周一天”则指频度，应用一般现在时。答案：_C_【例2】 _ that pair of _ a little cheaper？(2014，齐齐哈尔)AIs；glass BAre；glassCIs；glasses DAre；glasses解析：a pair of后应接复数名词，其作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。答案：_C_【例3】 The number of books in the bookshop is about 1

10、0，000 and a number of them _ about science.Ais Bwas Care Dwere解析：由前半句中谓语动词is可推断出后半句中谓语动词也应用一般现在时；短语a number of作主语时，谓语动词应用复数。答案：_C_高频考点二意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。1由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给

11、我们作报告。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。2表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。3集体名词(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government.)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：My family is a small one with three

12、 people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。4people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。5算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？【例4】 How much _ the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.Ais；is Bis；are Care；is D

13、are；are解析：the pair of shoes的中心词是pair，则谓语动词用单数；把twenty dollars看成整体，则谓语动词也用单数。答案：_A_高频考点三就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。1由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also).，not.but.或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我

14、也盼望看到我叔叔。Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。2There be.和Here be.这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。【例5】 There _ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.Ais Bwas

15、 Care Dwere解析：people是复数名词，则there be句型中谓语动词用复数，排除A和B；下文got为过去式，故主句也要用过去时。答案：_D_【例6】 _ Lily _ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.ANot only；but also BNeither；norCBoth；and DEither；or解析：根据主谓一致原则可排除A项；由下文“他们中的一个必须待在家里”，可知“或者露西或者莉莉与你一起去”。答案：_D_【例7】 There _ some flowers on the teac

16、hers desk just now，but now there _ nothing on it.Ahave；has Bwere；hasCwere；is Dhas ；has解析：第一空应根据some flowers来确定谓语动词应用复数，just now表明是过去时；第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数，now表明一般现在时。答案：_C_一、单项选择。1This pair of pants _A_ mine.Yours may _ on the bed.(2014，绥化)Ais；be Bare；be Care；are【解析】this pair of pants作主语时，谓语动词用第三

17、人称单数，故用is；may是情态动词，其后用动词原形。2There _A_ some milk and two eggs on the table.(2014，永州)Ais Bare Chas【解析】分析题干可知，本句为there be句型，排除C项；根据there be句型的“就近原则”可知，milk是不可数名词，所以be动词要用is。故选A。3Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes.Another ten days _A_ enough.(2014，广东)Ais Bwas Care Dwere【解析】数字、时间、距离等作主语时，谓语动词

18、用单数形式。答句中句子的主语为ten days，谓语动词应用单数形式，排除C、D两项；联系问句中的do可知应用一般现在时，故选A。4Everyone except Tom and John _D_ there when the meeting began.(2013，威海)Aare Bis Cwere Dwas【解析】本句的主语是everyone，复合不定代词作主语时通常被看作单数，故be动词也用单数形式，排除A、C两项；再由时间状语从句中谓语动词began可知，主句描述的是过去的状态，故用一般过去时态，再排除B项。故选D。5Maths _A_ my favourite subject，wha

19、t about you?Physics _.I think its very interesting.(2013，广安)Ais；is Bare；are Care；is【解析】Maths“数学”，Physics“物理”等学科作主语时，谓语动词均用单数形式，故选A。6In our school library there _A_ a number of books on science，and in these years the number of them _ growing larger and larger.(2013，安顺)Aare；is Bis；are Chave；are Dhas；is【解析】“a number of名词/代词”作主语时，意为“许多的，大量的”，谓语动词用复数；“the number of名词/代词”作主语时，意为“的数目”，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。所以选择A。7No one _B_ swimming in such bad weather.Alike Blikes Cliking Dliked【解析】no one意为“没有人”，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称