2021高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit9Wheels课件北师大版必修3

1、Unit 9Wheels重点短语重点句型重点单词1.cyclist n.骑自行车的人2.motorist n.驾驶汽车的人3.pedestrian n.行人4.benefit n.利益,好处 vt.有益于,有助于 vi.受益beneficial adj.有利的,有益的5.convenient adj.方便的,便利的convenience n.方便;合适,适宜6.therefore adv.所以,因此7.insert vt.插入,嵌入8.consequence n.后果,结果consequent adj.作为结果的;随之发生的9.arrest vt.逮捕,拘留 重点短语重点句型重点单词10.ar

2、gue vt.说服;主张 vi.争辩,争吵argument n.辩论11.baggage n.行李12.platform n.台,平台,讲台,站台,月台13.ambassador n.大使14.sensitive adj.敏感的,能理解的sense n.感官;感觉;意义;理智 v.感觉;意识到;理解sensible adj.明智的;可觉察的15.fierce adj.凶狠的,残忍的16.interpreter n.译员,口译者interpret vt.解释;口译 vi.作解释;作口译17.schedule n.时间表,进度表18.timetable n.时间表 重点短语重点句型重点单词19.r

3、esponsibility n.责任,负责,职责responsible adj.负责的,有责任的;可靠的20.hostess n.女主人host n.主人;主持人21.non-smoking adj.禁止吸烟的22.content n.内容;目录 adj.满足的,满意的23.petrol n.(英)汽油24.solar adj.太阳的,太阳光的25.kindergarten n.幼儿园26.chapter n.章节27.impression n.印象,感觉impress vt.使有印象;影响impressive adj.给人印象深刻的 重点短语重点句型重点单词28.reliable adj.可

4、靠的unreliable (反义词)adj.不可靠的29.operator n.操作人员,接线员operate vt.操作;经营 vi.动手术30.appreciate vt.感激;欣赏appreciation n.欣赏;感激31.essay n.散文32.construction n.建造;建筑业construct vt.建造,构建;创立constructive adj.建设性的;积极的33.pavement n.人行道34.crossroads n.十字路口35.amount n.数量 重点短语重点句型重点单词36.physical adj.身体的;物质的37.figure n.数字,数目

5、;体形 vt.& vi.计算38.engine n.发动机,引擎engineer n.工程师39.admit vt.承认,供认vi.承认;允许admission n.承认;进入许可;录用40.addicted adj.沉溺于的addict vt.使沉溺;使上瘾 n.上瘾的人addiction n.沉溺;上瘾41.occupy vt.居住;占用(空间、面积、时间等)occupation n.职业;工作42.Somehow adv.以某种方式 重点短语重点句型重点单词43.suit vt.适合 vi.合适,相称 n.套装suitable adj.适当的;相配的44.damage vt.& n.损害

6、,损失45.nowhere adv.无处,任何地方都不46.frequent adj.时常发生的47.fare n.票价,车费 重点短语重点句型重点单词1.fed up 不愉快的,厌烦的2.thanks to 由于;幸亏3.work out 推断出,计算出;锻炼身体4.rely on 依赖,依靠5.pull up (车辆)停止,停车6.pull out 离开;摆脱(困境);恢复健康7.go through 通过,经过8.so far 迄今为止9.take place 举行;发生10.get stuck in 被困住,被卡住pared to 和相比12.go up 上升重点短语重点句型重点单词1

7、3.be addicted to 沉溺于,沉湎于14.on average 平均,通常 重点短语重点句型重点单词1.多年来,人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车所带来的好处。People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.2.无论人们在哪里骑完一段路程,他们就把自行车放到那儿,以供别人使用。Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.3.有多少次我们在极度焦虑、

8、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校?How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out,tired and angry?4.但是比起汽车的实际代价,愤怒和紧张还是微不足道的。But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car.5.1908年福特汽车问世以前,只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。Before 1908,when Fords cars became available to the public,it was only the v

9、ery rich who could afford to own a car. Amsterdam is called the “City of Bicycles” because of the 1.convenience(convenient) for bicycles there.In 2.the 1960s,a group of cycling fans believed that it would be 3.beneficial(benefit) to everybody when only bicycles were allowed in the city center.This w

10、ould help to save energy,reduce pollution and provide free public transport.Hundreds of bicycles 4.were painted(paint) white and placed in lots of neighborhoods around Amsterdam.Anyone could use them for short journeys.5.Wherever someone finished a journey,they would leave the bike there for someone

11、 else to use.The problem was 6.that it didnt workthieves took all the bicycles within weeks!However,more than thirty years later,the “white bike” is back in townthis time with a computer chip 7.to record(record) its every move!To take a bicycle,you have to insert a special card.The new “white bike”

12、is not actually white 8.but is an unusual design with bright colors.The bikes are parked at special parking places and people 9.who want to use them have to take them to another special parking place that has enough room. Thanks to the good ideas of lots of people,like the early cycling fans,many pe

13、ople around the world 10.have been enjoying(enjoy) city center streets without cars for many years. 重点短语重点句型重点单词benefitn.利益,好处 vt.有益于,有助于 vi.受益People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.多年来,人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车所带来的好处。(教材原句P36)常见用法1.for the benefit of 为了的利益be of benefit (to

14、)(对)有好处,有益to ones benefit对某人有利2.benefit sb./sth.对某人/事物有益;有益于benefit from/by.从受益,得益于重点短语重点句型重点单词We should make every effort to protect the dam for the benefit of the people.为了人民的利益,我们要不惜一切代价保护大坝。This measure is of great benefit to the improvement of the job.此措施对改进工作大有裨益。The new railway will benefit t

15、he district.新铁路将使这个地区受益。We all benefited from his success.我们都从他的成功中受益了。拓展延伸beneficial adj.有益的,有用的be beneficial to sb.对某人有好处Fresh air is beneficial to your health.新鲜的空气对你的健康有益。 重点短语重点句型重点单词词义辨析1.benefit既可指物质利益,又可指精神方面的好处。We have received lots of benefit from his teaching.他的教诲让我们受益匪浅。2.advantage侧重指物质利

16、益及竞争中所占的优势或有利条件。Many think this is an advantage for a boss.许多人认为这是当老板的优势。3.interest可以指“利息”(只能用单数),也可以指“利益”(常用复数)。His words are entirely in his own interests.他说这些话全是为了自己的利益。4.profit一般指物质或金钱利益,当“利润”讲时常用复数。The new technology will bring them great profits.新技术将给他们带来丰厚的利润。重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句填空1.My holiday

17、wasnt of much benefit to me.2.Because of illness she didnt get much benefit from her stay abroad.3.The books are beneficial (benefit) to him. 重点短语重点句型重点单词thereforeadv.因此,所以It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.那是一个很适合骑车的城市,因为那里地势平坦,便于骑行。(教材原句P36)He ha

18、s broken his leg and therefore he cant walk.他的腿摔坏了,(因此)走不了路。We do not have enough money.Therefore we cannot afford to buy a new house.我们的钱不够,所以买不了新房。重点短语重点句型重点单词词义辨析1.therefore,副词,正式用语。常用于数学、逻辑及其他必然性的推论中,表示严谨的推理。2.so,连词,用于简洁的会话和日常的文体中,推论不必严密。3.accordingly,副词,常用于散文、记叙文中的普通用语,较consequently略随便。4.conseq

19、uently,副词,表“因此,结果”。比较正式的书面语,表示因一定的理由而产生一定的可能性,并不一定是必然的,有时只表示一种结果。现学活用选词填空1.Progress so far has been very good.Therefore (However/Otherwise/Therefore/Besides),we are sure that the project will be completed on time.2.The vase is very expensive, so(therefore/so/according/consequently)please be careful

20、with it. 重点短语重点句型重点单词convenientadj.方便的;便利的It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.那是一个很适合骑车的城市,因为那里地势平坦,便于骑行。(教材原句P36)常见用法be convenient to sb.对某人方便It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事if it is convenient to you如果你方便的话It is not convenient for me to r

21、ing him up.我现在不方便给他打电话。Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.只要你方便,随时过来看我。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸convenience n.方便,便利;适宜;省事at ones convenience在某人方便的时候for convenience为了方便Come by to pick me up at your convenience.你方便的时候,请来接我。现学活用完成句子1.我不知道你来这里是否方便。I dont know if it is convenient for you to come he

22、re.2.如果你方便的话,请两点钟给我打电话。If it is convenient to you,call me at two oclock,please. 重点短语重点句型重点单词arguevt.说服;劝告;主张 vi.争论;争辩argue with someone与某人争论(教材原句P37)常见用法argue o/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事argue that.主张;认为argue for/against sth.赞成/反对argue with sb.(about sth.) (就某事)和某人争论We argued her out of going

23、 on such a dangerous journey.我们说服她不要进行如此危险的旅行。Columbus argued that the earth must be round.哥伦布坚持认为地球一定是圆的。He argued for immediate action.他赞成立即行动。We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸argument n.争论;争吵;论据,论证have an argument about/over sth.辩论某事a heated/lo

24、ud argument激烈的争论现学活用单句填空1.The newly-married couple have argued with each other about some household duties.2.She handled a difficult argument(argue) skillfully. 重点短语重点句型重点单词appreciatevt.赏识,鉴赏;感激,重视;察觉,意识到 vi.增值,涨价Shell appreciate it.她会感激的。(教材原句P41)常见用法appreciate (doing) sth.感激某事;乐于做某事appreciate sb./

25、sb.s doing sth.感谢某人做了某事appreciate that.意识到/理解I would appreciate it if.如果我将不胜感激I really appreciate your invitation,but I must decline it.非常感谢你们的邀请,但我不得不谢绝。We greatly appreciate your timely help.我们非常感谢你们的及时帮助。He appreciates your talents.他很赏识你的才能。重点短语重点句型重点单词I would appreciate it if you can take care o

26、f my dog.如果你能帮忙照顾一下我的小狗,我将不胜感激。Higgs doesnt appreciate being treated like a guest.希格斯不愿被当作客人一样对待。I appreciate your being so flexible.我感谢您能如此通融。特别提醒1.appreciate后接的宾语习惯上不用“人”,其后只能接“物”作宾语。这与thank的用法恰恰相反。I appreciate your kindness.谢谢你的好意。I thanked her for her kindness.我感谢她的好意。2.appreciate后接宾语从句时,要在appre

27、ciate后面加上it作形式宾语。有类似用法的还有like,hate等。We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她愿意帮忙我们十分感激。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句填空1.Id appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.2.I really appreciate having(have) time to relax with you on this nice island.3.His works were not appreciate

28、d(appreciate) until after his death. 重点短语重点句型重点单词admitvt.准许入内(加入);承认;供认;接纳;容纳 vi.承认;允许I admit:Im addicted to my car.我承认,我离不开汽车。(教材原句P43)That man is not to be admitted.不准那个人进来。The small window admitted very little light.那扇小窗户只能透进一点光线。The school admits sixty new boys and girls every year.这所学校每年招收60名男女

29、新生。The theater admits only 250 people.这家戏院只能容纳250人。 重点短语重点句型重点单词常见用法admit sth.承认某事admit doing/having done sth.承认做过某事admit to (doing) sth.供认(做过)某事admit that.承认admit sb./sth.to be.承认某人/某物是be admitted as.被承认/接纳为It is admitted that.人们公认George would never admit to being wrong.乔治从不认错。We have to admit that

30、 there is still room for improvement.我们不得不承认,在这方面仍有提升空间。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸admission n.承认;准许进入;坦白;入场费admittable adj.具有进入的资格的现学活用用admit的适当形式填空1.I wonder if my design is admittable to the final competition.2.Admission to British universities depends on examination results. 重点短语重点句型重点单词occupyvt.占有,占用,占领,

31、占据;使忙碌,使从事On average,about forty people travel in one bus,while the same number occupy thirty-three cars.平均而言,大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车,而同样数量的人却要占用33辆小轿车。(教材原句P43)常见用法occupy sth.占(地方、时间);拥有(职位、工作)occupy ones mind/thoughts/attention 占据某人的头脑/思想/注意力occupy oneself in/with sth.忙于;从事于be occupied (in) doing sth.忙于做某事k

32、eep sb.occupied 使某人忙碌重点短语重点句型重点单词These activities occupied most of her time.这些活动占去了她的大部分时间。Many strange ideas occupied his mind.他满脑子都是奇怪的想法。He has been deeply occupied in listening to a tape.他一直在忙于专心听录音。拓展延伸1.occupation n.占领;占用;职业under occupation 被占领 2.be busy doing sth./with sth.忙于做某事/某事be engaged

33、in doing sth.忙于做某事 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句填空1.Occupied(occupy) with her graduation paper,Mary has no time to do a part-time job.2.Occupying (occupy) herself looking after three small children all day,she was tired out by evening.3.The most important thing is to keep yourself occupied (occupy).4.She occup

34、ied herself in/with routine office tasks. 重点短语重点句型重点单词suitvt.适合于 vi.合适,相称 n.一套衣服,套装Do whichever of these things that suit you.做以上任何适合你的事。(教材原句P43)常见用法suit sb.适合某人suit sb.fine 对某人很合适suit.to.使适合于suit ones needs满足某人的需要Will that time suit you?那个时间合适吗?If you want to go by bus,that suits me fine.要是你想坐公共汽车

35、走,我也没问题。重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸suitable adj.合适的,适当的;相配的be suitable for 适合于be suitable to do sth.适合做某事词义辨析1.fit 多指“衣服等尺寸、大小”合身或者合适。I tried the dress on but it didnt fit.It was too small.我试穿了那件连衣裙,但不合身,它太小了。2.suit 指“衣服等颜色、款式、花样”适合,也可指“时间”适合。Blue suits you.你适合穿蓝色(服装)。3.match 指“使相称,使相配,使匹配”,多指两个物体在大小、色调、形状、性质等

36、方面很相配,显得很协调。The color of the shirt doesnt match that of the tie.衬衫的颜色与领带的颜色不相配。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用fit,suit或match填空1.Choose a computer to suit your particular needs.2.Her shoes match her dress.They look very well together.3.My mother cut down my fathers trousers to fit me. 重点短语重点句型重点单词fed up不愉快的,厌烦的Yo

37、u look fed up!你看起来不开心!(教材原句P36)常见用法be fed up with对感到厌烦;吃得过饱Clark told us that he was fed up with his tedious paperwork.克拉克跟我们说他厌倦了无聊的文书工作。I was fed up with that piece of meat.那一大块肉把我撑得饱饱的。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸1.feed on sth.以某物为食feed sb.on/with sth.用某物喂养某人feed sth.to sb.用某物喂养某人2.be tired of对感到厌倦be bored

38、with 对厌倦Most people feed parrots on nuts.大多数人用干果喂鹦鹉。Feed the food to the baby in small pieces.用小块的食物喂婴儿。Im tired of this boring life.我受够了这种枯燥的生活。现学活用用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1.Im fed up with waiting(wait) for her to telephone.2.Fed(feed) up with all these traffic jams,he goes to work on foot instead of by bus

39、. 重点短语重点句型重点单词thanks to多亏;由于Indeed,thanks to the good ideas of lots of people,like the cycling fans in the 1960s,many people around the world have been enjoying city center streets without cars for many years.的确,多亏了许多人像20世纪60年代的自行车爱好者那样献计献策,世界各地的许多人多年以来都在享受着市中心没有汽车的环境。(教材原句P36)词义辨析1.thanks to表示“幸亏,多

40、亏”,多用于表达正面意思,相当于感谢,一般在句中作状语。2.because of强调因果关系,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开。3.owing to与because of一样,也强调因果关系,除作状语外,也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子,可在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。4.due to引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义,作状语时,一般不与其他成分隔开。重点短语重点句型重点单词5.as a result of“由于(作为)的结果”,可置于句首或句末,强调结果。6.on account of与because of,owing to

41、同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语和表语,不作定语。现学活用用thanks to,due to或as a result of填空1.Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.2.Thanks to the efforts by Dr.Smith,I can walk around again now.3.Over 80 drugs have been removed from sale as a result of recent test. 重点短语重点句型重点单词work out锻炼;解决,计算(出);制定出;产生结果w

42、ork out in the gym在体育馆健身(教材原词P37)Thomas decided to work out the problem by himself.托马斯决心独自解决这个难题。The secretary is supposed to work out the schedule.日程表应由秘书来拟定。We all hope that this plan will work out in the end.我们都希望这项计划最终能够实现。拓展延伸work at从事;致力于;钻研work on对起作用(有影响);使人信服;从事于;致力于work with与共事(合作);对起作用 重点

43、短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用括号内所给汉语意思填空1.(2011江西高考改编)You cant predict everything.Often things dont work out(解决) as you expect.2.He has been working on(致力于) a new novel for over a year now. 重点短语重点句型重点单词rely on/upon依赖,依靠;信任,信赖;指望“Id better take more responsibility for my own life,” she thinks.“I rely on Hao Qi too

44、 much!”“我得对自己的生活更负责了,”她思忖着,“我太依赖郝奇了!”(教材原句P38)常见用法rely on/upon=depend on/upon信任;依赖rely on/upon sb./sth.to do/doing sth.依赖某人/某物做某事rely on sb./sth.for.依赖某人/某物来获取rely on it that.指望;相信 重点短语重点句型重点单词As babies,we rely entirely on others for food.在婴儿期,我们完全依赖别人喂食。These days we rely heavily on computers to or

45、ganize our work.这些天我们在很大程度上依靠电脑来安排我们的工作。We have to rely on him to make the design.我们不得不仰仗着他来进行这项设计。You cant just rely on your parents lending you the money.你不能指望你的父母借钱给你。You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我帮助你。拓展延伸reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句填空1.Generally speaking,the limits of

46、 a persons intelligence are fixed at birth,but whether or not he reaches those limits will rely on his environment.2.Jack is very reliable(rely)if he promises to do something hell do it. 重点短语重点句型重点单词so far到目前为止,迄今为止Ive designed five or six different cars so far.到目前为止,我已设计出五六款不同的车。(教材原句P40)常见用法so far

47、主要用于现在完成时,类似的短语还有until now,till now,up to now,recently,lately等。拓展延伸as far as远至;就而言,至于by far 尤其;更,显然地far from远离;决非,绝没有,完全不,不但不(反而)far and near远近,到处,四面八方So far so good.到现在为止,一直都还不错。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句填空1.So far this year we have seen (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.2.Dont stra

48、y too far from the correct path. 重点短语重点句型重点单词现在完成进行时People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.多年来,人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车所带来的好处。(教材原句P36)现在完成进行时的构成为:主语+助动词(have/has)+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand

49、years.中国有两千年的造纸历史。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别1.现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。I have read the book.我读过这本书。I have been reading the book.我一直在读这本书。注意:有少数动词,如work,study,live,teach,stay等,在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多,只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。How

50、 long have you worked/been working here? 你在这儿工作多久了?Ive lived/been living here since 1988.自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。2.现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。I have waited for two hours.我等了两小时。(陈述事实)I have been waiting for two hours.我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦) 重点短语重点句型重点单词3.现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况,则通常用现在完成时

51、。He has lived in Paris.他(一直)住在巴黎。He has been living in Paris.他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)4.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时。Ive only known her for two days.我认识她刚刚两天。The war has lasted for a long time.这场战争持续了很长时间。5.现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,若要用，可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。The house has been painted for a month.这房子已漆了一个月。The problem

52、 has been studied for five days.这个问题已被研究了五天。重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1.He has been doing(do) this work for three years.2.The tower has been standing(stand) there since the Tang dynasty.3.They have been married(marry) for twenty years. 重点短语重点句型重点单词形容词作状语的用法How often do we arrive at work or schoo

53、l stressed out,tired and angry?有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校?(教材原句P42)句中stressed out,tired and angry作伴随状语。形容词或其词组作状语的常见用法总结如下。1.作伴随状语,可以放在句首,也可放在句末。Excited and overjoyed,the children rushed to the front.孩子们又激动又欣喜地跑到了前面。2.作原因状语,通常位于句首。Thirsty and eager to get a little rest,he went into a tea-house.因为

54、口渴又渴望休息一会,他走进了一家茶馆。Easy to be with,he is warmly welcomed.因为平易近人,所以他受到热烈欢迎。 重点短语重点句型重点单词3.作结果状语,一般位于句末。 Tom reached home at last,tired and hungry.汤姆最终回到了家里,又累又饿。4.作让步状语,常由一个形容词短语或由or连接的两个以上的并列形容词短语构成。常位于句首,也可位于句中。 Every nation,big or small,should be equal.无论大小,每个国家都是平等的。现学活用单句改错1.After the long journ

55、ey,the three of them went back home,hungry and tiredly.(tiredly改为tired)2.Surprise and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.(Surprise改为Surprised)3.He returned from the war,safely and sound.(safely改为safe)4.Right and wrong,Ill stand on your side.(and改为or) 一、单句填空1.(2015广东高考改编)Daniel Anderson,a fam

56、ous psychologist,believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children those of the family.from。句意:著名的心理学家丹尼尔安德森认为把电视对孩子的影响和家庭对孩子的影响区分开是非常重要的。distinguish.from.“把和区分开”。2.(2015陕西高考改编)They are indifferent to the (convenient) caused to others.inconvenience。句意:他们对给别人造成的不便很冷漠。根据句意可知,空处应

57、该表示造成的不便,故用inconvenience。3.(2015浙江高考改编)Find something,dive it,take the good parts,skip the bad parts,get what you can out of it,go on to something o。句意:找到一些书,一心投入进去,吸取精华部分,摒弃其糟粕,从中获得你能得到的东西,然后继续去看其他书。固定搭配dive into意为“投入”。 4.(2015湖北高考改编)One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers,currently the (wealthy) family of the