《健康心理学》教学课件

1、Chapter 11 health psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-BeingYonghui Wang School of Psychology Shaanxi Normal University 2009.2.16第1页，共20页。Chapter 11 health psychology: stress, coping, and well-beingOur goalsTo understand the causes and consequences of stress. To Identify the ways of coping. To descr

2、ibe main types of the defense mechanisms. To discuss the psychological and physiological effects of stress on people. To discuss how we can promote health rather than distress.8/3/20222第2页，共20页。Chapter 11 OutlineStress and copingPsychological aspects of illness and well-beingPromoting health and wel

3、lness8/3/20223第3页，共20页。Stress and copingStress（压力）A physical mental response to a challenging of threatening situation.Stressor（压力源）A stressful stimulus, a condition demanding adaption.Life is full of circumstances and events known as stressor.8/3/20224第4页，共20页。The high cost of stressStress produce

4、both biological and psychological consequences.A rise in certainHormones of adrenalgland，increase in heat rate and blood pressureDecline in the bodys overall level of biological functioningPsychophysiological disorders8/3/20225第5页，共20页。The general adaptation syndromeThe general adaptation syndrome (

5、GAS), Hans Selye 一般适应综合征 A persons response to stress consists of three stages: alarm and mobilization, resistance, and exhaustionFirst stage: alarm and mobilizationMeeting and resisting stressorSecond stage: resistanceCoping with stress and resistance to stressor.Third stage: exhaustion Negative co

6、nsequences, such as illness.8/3/20226第6页，共20页。Psychoneuroimmunology and StressPsychoneuroimmunology (PNI) 心理神经免疫学StressDirect physiological effectHarmful behaviorsIndirect health-related behavior8/3/20227第7页，共20页。Categorizing stressors There are three general classes Of events:1. Cataclysmic events（

7、灾难性事件）2. Personal stressors（个人压力源 ）3. Background stressors（日常压力源 ）What kinds of events tend to beSeen as stressful ?8/3/20228第8页，共20页。Categorizing stressors Cataclysmic events（灾难性事件）Strong stressors that occur suddenly, affecting many people at once (e.g., natural disasters)Such as tornados and plan

8、e crashes, as well as earthquake like Tangshan and Wenchuan in China, which can affect numerous people simultaneously.8/3/20229第9页，共20页。Categorizing stressors Personal stressors（个人压力源 ）Major life events, such as the death of a family member, that have immediate negative consequences which generally

9、fade with time.Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)创伤后应激障碍A phenomenon in which victims of major catastrophes or strong personal stressors reexperience the original stress event and associated feelings in vivid flashbacks or dreams.8/3/202210第10页，共20页。Categorizing stressorsBackground stressors（日常压力源

10、 ）Everyday annoyances, such as being stuck in traffic, that cause minor irritations that may have long-term ill effects if they continue or are compounded by other stressful events8/3/202211第11页，共20页。Categorizing stressors8/3/202212第12页，共20页。Coping with stressCoping（应对）: Efforts to control, reduce,

11、or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress.One means of dealing with stress that occurs on an unconscious level is the use of defense mechanisms.Defense mechanisms: Unconscious strategies people use to reduce anxiety by concealing its source from themselves and others.8/3/202213第13页，共20页。C

12、oping with stressDefense mechanismsDenial（否认） Repression（压抑）Projection（投射）Displacement （置换）Regression（退行）Reaction Formation （反向形成）Rationalization（合理化）Sublimation（升华）Avoidant copingSocial supportCoping strategies:Emotion-focused copingProblem-focused copingOne of the least effective forms of coping.

13、In avoidant coping, a person may use wishful thinking to reduce stress or use more direct escape routes, such as drug use, alcohol use, and overeating.8/3/202214第14页，共20页。Coping stylesHardiness（耐力）A personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness, consisting of thre

14、e components: commitment, challenge, and control Three components of hardiness:Commitment（承诺、承担义务）Challenge（挑战）Control （控制）8/3/202215第15页，共20页。Defense Mechanisms Quiz Mary has an argument with her boss, but remains calm while at work. When she gets home that evening, she yells at her spouse and chil

15、dren. Which defense mechanism is Mary displaying? a) Rationalization b) Denial c) Reaction Formation d) Displacement 8/3/202216第16页，共20页。Defense Mechanisms Quiz Jessica dislikes public speaking. She stops going to school, changes jobs, and declines most social engagements to ensure that she does not

16、 have to speak in public. Jessicas behavior is an example of which defense mechanism? a) Denial b) Avoidance c) Sublimationd) Reaction Formation 8/3/202217第17页，共20页。Defense Mechanisms Quiz Jess often experiences intense feelings of anger and frustration. In order to cope with these feeling, he enrol

17、ls in a kickboxing class as an outlet for his emotions. Jesss actions are an example of which type of defense mechanism? a) Projection b) Repression c) Regression d) Sublimation8/3/202218第18页，共20页。Illness and well-beingThe As and Bs of coronary heart diseaseType A behaviorCompetitiveness, impatience, tendency toward frustration, and hostilityLead fast-paced, driven lives.Type A behavior pattern link to coronary heart diseaseType B behaviorCooperation, patience, noncompetitiveness, and nonaggression Type B - relaxed.8/3/202219第19页，共20页。Promoting health and wellnessFollowing medic