直接引语变间接引语

1、直接引语变间接引语讲义宾语直接引语一字不改引述别人的话间接引语用说话人的语言引述别人的话直接引语变间接引语主要体现在“四变”上，我们一起来细致的了解一下：一变：人称变口诀：一主，二宾，三不变。一主：如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：I.She says, I like swimming.fShe says (that) she likes swimming.2.She said. My brother wants to go shopping with me.fShe said (that) her brother wanted to go

2、 shopping with her.二宾：若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致；如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。.He says, You are always the best.f He says (that) I am always the best. He said to Kate , How is your sister now? f He asked Kate how her sister was then.三不变：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：.Mr. Smith s

3、aid, “Jack is a good boy.”fMr. Smith said (that) Jack was a good boy.He said, Her mother is an English teacher.fHe said （that） her mother is an English teacher.二变：时态变（对应的练习3阶48、53页）大变化在这里：如果主句的动词是过去时态时，则间接引语中的时态作相应的改变 （通常是在直接引语的时态上加上一个过去时。）具体变化参照下表：时态变化参照表A一般现在时一般过去时B现在进行时过去进行时C现在完成时过去完成时D一般过去时过去完成时

4、E过去完成时过去完成时F一般将来时过去将来时GCan,mayCould,mighte.g. A: He said , I am clever. f He said he was clever.B:They said, We are having class. fthey said they were having class.C:He said, I have had lunch . f He said he had had lunch .D:She said, I took all my books to school. fShe said she had taken all her boo

5、ks to school.E:Linda said, I had seen this film. f She said she had seen that film.F:He said, I will be a doctor in the future. He said he would be a doctor in the future.G:Nick said, I can speak English. f Nick said he could speak English. 注意：以下几种特殊情况时态不变2当主句的时态是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语的时态保持不变，如I.She says,

6、I like to eat meat.（一般现在时） f She says she likes to eat meat.2. She says, I will get a job after graduation.（一般将来时）f She says she will get a job after graduation.3.She says, I have been to Shanghai twice.（现在完成时 ）f She says she has been to Shanghai twice.直接引语是客观真理时。The teacher said The earth moves aro

7、und the sun .”fThe teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”f Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复由现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, “I get up at six every morning。f He said he gets

8、up at six every morning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（如：could, should, would, might ）The doctor said, You should stay in bed for 2 days. f The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.三变：语序变（对应练习3阶57页）上面我们学习的直接引语部分是陈述句，语序不发生变化，当直接引语是3一般疑问句 时变为间接引语的方法：A.变主句中的谓语动词，如果原句中主句的动词是say/said要变成ask/askedB.要加上引导词：

9、IF或whether（注意：与or或or not连用时，不用if,要用whether.）B.疑问语序变为 陈述语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）He said, “Are you interested in it? ”f He asked （me） if/whether I was interested in it.He said, “Do you like this film? ”H He asked if/whether I liked that film.He said to me, “Will you be free tomorrow? ”f He asked me if/whether I

10、 would be free the next day.“Do you like English or not? ” he asked me.f He asked me whether I liked English or not.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时变为间接引语的方法为：A.在主句的宾语后面加上特殊疑问词（wh-）B.语序：疑问语序变为 陈述语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）“What do you want?” he asked me.f He asked me what I wanted.The teacher asked, “Why do you want to do that?”f T

11、he teacher asked uswhy I wanted to do that.She said, “Where have you been?”f She asked mewhere I had been.He asked me, “Which is the best?f He asked me which was the best.直接引语是 祈使句 变为间接引语的方法：间接引语应改为：4“tell (ask, order 等)sb (not) to do sth.”句型。I.She said, Don t talk.”f She asked /told the children no

12、t to talk.2.She said, “Be quiet.”f She asked/told me to be quiet.he said, “ Put up you hands if you have any questions.fShe asked/told us to put up our hands if we have any questions.Exercises:he said to me “ Why are you interested in science? ”She asked me interested in science.He asked him “when w

13、ill you buy the red coat? ”He asked him buy the red coat.Shirley asked me “Where were you born? ”Shirley asked me born.“ What s wrong with you? ” Lily asked me.Lily asked me with.The girl asked me“What happened?”The girl asked me.四变：时间状语变当直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句的动词是过去时态，则间接引语的时间状语和一些特定的词语也应作相应的改变：直接引语变间接引语中

14、的时间状语的转换规则tonightthat nightnowthentodaythat dayyesterdayThe day beforetomorrowthe next daylast week/month/year the week/moth/year beforenext week/month/y ear the next week/month/year ago.beforethe day after tomorrowtwo days later还有一些特定的词语需要转换（指K代词，方向性的动词）thisthatthesethosecomegobringtakeherethereove

15、r hereover thereExercises:“I never eat meat. ” he said.He said that never meat.I ve found my wallet. he said to me.He me that he wallet.“I took it home with me. she said.6She said that it home with her.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. The teacher said that the

16、sun in the east and down in thewest.“I met her yesterday. ” he said to me.He me that he met the day.“You must come here before five. ” he said.He said that I to go before five.“I bought the house 10 years ago. ” he said.He said that he bought the house 10 years.“Did you see her last week? ” he said.

17、He I had seen her the week.He said,“You can sit here, Jim. ”He Jim that he sit thereHe asked, “How did you find it, mother? ”He asked her mother found it.“Where have you been these days? ” he asked.He asked me been days.“Do you know where she lives? ” he asked.He asked knew where she.“Stop making so much noise, children. ” he said.He the children makin