AmericanEducation美国教育课件

1、American Education第1页，共42页。American EducationMain Contents:1. History2. System3. Comparison4. Some famous universities5. The future第2页，共42页。Two factors made the education of America start. This immigration of higher education background made them attach great importance to education. And the early i

2、mmigrants from England needed a kind of culture to help them understand The Bible by themselves because of their devotion to religion.第3页，共42页。Education in the U.S. - HistoryThe Puritans set up schools as instinctively as they set up churches: (1). The Boston Latin School in 1635, (2). Harvard Colle

3、ge in 1636, (3). They took their first step toward establishing a system of public schools. (4). In 1647, Massachusetts passed a radical law, which required every town to provide its children with schools and schoolmasters.第4页，共42页。In June 1753, Benjamin Franklin decided the new-model college would

4、focus on the professions, with classes taught in English instead of Latin, have subject matter experts as professors instead of one tutor leading a class for four years, and there would be no religious test for admission第5页，共42页。Education in the U.S. - HistoryThe Founding Fathers of the United State

5、s, who themselves were educators, laid down the principles and institutions of education which still flourish. Of all the Founding Fathers, it was Thomas Jefferson who contributed most to American educational philosophy and practice. It was Jefferson who, in his old age, built almost single-handed,

6、the first great state university in America- the University of Virginia.第6页，共42页。The origin about the Education of the USA Education in American can be tracked back to the puritans in the early 17th century, they think every person should be able to read the Bible In 1634 they opened a Lain grammers

7、chool for those who wanted to preper for college; In 1636,Haryd was founded for the training of religious ministers . During 1630s -1640s,Laws were passed for compulsory education for all children and public taxation for schools. In 1647, Massachusetts passed a radical law, which required every town

8、 to provide its children with schools and schoolmasters.第7页，共42页。The Laws Elementary and Secondary Education Act美国中小学教育法 is the basic education act of the United States, which reflects the federal governments requirements for the national public basic education schools. The Higher Education Act高等教育法

9、案Adoption of the Higher Education Act Amendments of 1992 formalized a significant shift in federal financial aid policy from grants to loansHigher Education Opportunity Act 高等教育机会法案The Higher Education Opportunity Act (Public Law 110-315) (HEOA) was enacted on August 14, 2008, and reauthorizes the H

10、igher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA).General Provision of Education Act教育总则法第8页，共42页。Education in the U.S. - Educational SystemsGeneral introductionEarly childhood educationPrimary and secondary schoolsHigher educationSupplementary information第9页，共42页。General Introduction Americans are prou

11、d of the fact that the window of knowledge is never slammed shut for any of the nations citizens. Children are allowed to attend classes with kids of various races, schools have equal opportunities for both males and females, and for children with disabilities or handicaps. Now each and every studen

12、t can get an equal chance to be educated. American public schools have four basic characteristics in common: they are locally controlled, free from religious influence, coeducational, and publicly supported by taxes.第10页，共42页。 TheAmericaneducationofalltypesandatalllevelsjoineach otherinstructureandc

13、ommunicatewitheachotherupand down.Atanyrate,fromelementaryschoolthroughcollege, Americansholdthebeliefthateveryonedeservesafairand equalopportunitytogetagoodeducation,andthatpartoftheresponsibilityofthegovernmentistomakesurethatsuchan opportunityisnotdeniedtoanyoneofthem.Oneofthe strikingfeatures,di

14、fferAmericaneducationsystemfromother Europeancountrieseducationsystem,callamonorailsystem. It formed in the second half of the 19th century and can be specifically divided into the bottom-up structure: primary school, secondary school, and then university. Rail is the number of class in one grade. 第

15、11页，共42页。Simple generalizationPrimary schoolAmerican children start school at the age of five years. The first year at school is called kindergarten. Secondary schoolSecondary school most commonly consists of a total of seven years, referred to as sixth through twelfth gradesUndergraduate schoolUnde

16、rgraduate school offers either a two-year degree or a four-year degree in a specific course of major. Graduate schoolStudents who have obtained a bachelors degree can continue their education by pursuing one of two types of degrees. 第12页，共42页。第13页，共42页。Elementary SchoolGradeAgeRemarksKindergarten5-6

17、K-2: Primary grades1 (first)6-72 (second)7-83 (third)8-93-5: Intermediate grades4 (fourth)9-105 (fifth)10-11第14页，共42页。Middle SchoolRemarks 6 (sixth) 7 (seventh)11-12*Some systems have Junior High School for Grades 7 and 8. 8 (eighth)13-1413-14第15页，共42页。High SchoolGradeAge9 (Freshman)14-1510 (sophomo

18、re)15-1611 (Junior)16-1712 (Senior)17-18第16页，共42页。Higher Education第17页，共42页。第18页，共42页。Types of SchoolsPublic Schools:Financed with tax money.Face to all(K-12)Private Schools:Religious or with a particular educational philosophyHome Schools:Parents teaching children at home 第19页，共42页。public education

19、 Between 1825 and 1850, public education was established in America.Public education is universally required at the K12 level, and is available at state colleges and universities for all students. K12 public school curricula, budgets, and policies are set through locally elected school boards, who h

20、ave jurisdiction over individual school districts. State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K12 public school systems, and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities. Funding comes from the state, local, and federal

21、 government. 第20页，共42页。Private schools Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities. About 87% of school-age children attend public schools, about 10% attend p

22、rivate schools, and more than 3% are homeschooled.第21页，共42页。Home SchoolsIn home schooling,parents teach their own childrenUsually done for religious reasons or because parents are unhappy with public schoolsApproximately 2.2% of American children are home schooled第22页，共42页。TestsSAT: Scholastic Asses

23、sment Test 学术评价测验 Scholastic Aptitude Test 学术性向测验ACT: American College TestingGRE: Graduate Record Examination 美国研究生入学考试第23页，共42页。DegreesCollege grades, from highest to lowest, run ABCDF. An F is a failing grade.After completing four academic years with acceptable grades in an approved course of stu

24、dy, the student earns Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree.A masters degree can be earned by one or two academic years of study beyond the bachelors degree.A Ph.D. degree usually takes at least three years beyond the masters.第24页，共42页。 American vs Britain vs China 第25页，共42页。ChinaAmericaEng

25、landCollege for 3 or 4 yearsCollege for 3 yearsCollege for 4 yearsStudents take the CEE ,that is “Gaokao” before UniversityStudent take the A-levels before UniversityStudent take the SAT(or ACT) and 2 SAT IIs before UniversityBefore the age of 5,schools are called kindergartenBefore the age of 5,sch

26、ools are called nursery schoolsBefore the age of 5,schools are called preschoolsIn China, the purpose of school is to let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills to make life.In the UK the purpose of school is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need

27、to become active members of society, and also to socialize childrenIn the USA, the goal is to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public.In Britain, America and China, sc

28、hools enrolling all kind of people to equalize educational opportunities. And after graduated from university, degree titles, which school provided, is called Bachelors Degree, while a secondary degree is called Masters Degree, and Doctorate Degree.第26页，共42页。final examinations mid-term examinations第

29、27页，共42页。China: Study in classroom all dayAmerica: Emphasize social practice第28页，共42页。China: Emphasize mechanical memorizingAmerica: Emphasize children “power of understanding第29页，共42页。 Characteristics of American EducationIn many fields and industries, the American educational system is recognized

30、as offering the most cutting-edge, sought-after programs at the worlds best schools. That is why we believe graduating from an accredited American school and being exposed to the rigors of the American educational system is a sound investment in your childs future.American schools offer a holistic p

31、rogram that encourages a broad educational experience in both curricular and co-curricular areas.第30页，共42页。The Ivy League (常青藤盟校）Some of the best-known private universities in the United States are located in the Northeast. They are the oldest ones in America as well, known informally as the Ivy League. These include Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, and University of Pennsylvania, with the first three known as “The Big Three”.第31页，共42页。第32页，共42页。Harvard UniversityHarvard College was established in 1636.It was named for its first benefactor, John Harv