2022浙江大学攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题及答案

1、浙江大学 年 真题预测浙江大学 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题Section listening comprehension (20marks, 1mark each)The Olympics of Ancient GreeceAlthough records cannot verify games earlier than 776 B.C., the contests in Homer s Iliad indicate a much earlier competitive tradition. Held in honor of Zeus in the city of Olympia for

2、 four days every fourth summer, the Olympic games were the oldest and most prestigious of four great ancient Greek athletic festivals, which also included the Pythian games at Delphi, the Isthmian at Corinth, and the Nemean at Argos (the Panathenaea at Athens was also important). The Olympics reache

3、d their height in the 5th4th cent. B.C.; thereafter they became more and more professionalized until, in the Roman period, they provoked much censure. They were eventually discontinued by Emperor Theodosius I of Rome, who condemned them as a pagan spectacle, at the end of the 4th cent. A.D.Among the

4、 Greeks, the games were nationalistic in spirit; states were said to have been prouder of Olympic victories than of battles won. Women, foreigners, slaves, and dishonored persons were forbidden to compete. Contestants were required to train faithfully for 10 months before the games, had to remain 30

5、 days under the eyes of officials in Elis, who had charge of the games, and had to take an oath that they had fulfilled the training requirements before participating. At first, the Ol ympic games were confined to running, but over time new events were added: the long run (720 B.C.), when the loincl

6、oth was abandoned and athletes began competing naked; the pentathlon, which combined running, the long jump, wrestling, and discus and spear throwing (708 B.C.); boxing (688 B.C.); chariot racing (680 B.C.); the pankration (648B.C.), involving boxing and wrestling contests for boys (632 B.C.); and t

7、he foot race with armor(580 B.C.).Greek women, forbidden not only to participate in but also to watch the Olympic games, held games of their own, called the Heraea. Those were also held every four years but had fewer events than the Olympics. Known to have been conducted as early as the 6th cent. B.

8、C., the Heraea games were discontinued about the time the Romans conquered Greece. Winning was of prime importance in both male and female festivals. The winners of the Olympics (and of the Heraea) were crowned with chaplets of wild olive, and in their home city-states male champions were also award

9、ed numerous honors, valuable gifts, and privileges.Section vocabulary (15marks, 1mark each)Section cloze test (20 marks, 1 mark each)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that youngadults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best

10、22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,1笙歌整顿 转载请注明 QQ 群：46561978浙江大学 年 真题预测teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 t

11、hat comes from achieving success andknowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student

12、-written book reviews,29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind

13、of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without fee

14、ling guilty and without letting the other participants 37. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibilit y.38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and b y shaving clearly stated rules.36.AthoughtBideaCopi

15、nionDadvice37.Astrengthen Baccommodate CstimulateDenhance38.AcareBnutritionCexerciseDleisure39.AIfBAlthoughCWhereasDBecause40.AassistanceBguidanceCconfidence Dtolerance41.AclaimedBadmiredCignoredDsurpassed42.AimproperBriskyCfairDwise43.Ain effectBas a resultCfor example Din a sense44.Adisplaying Bde

16、scribingCcreatingDexchanging45.AdurableBexcessiveCsurplusDmultiple46.AgroupBindividualCpersonnel Dcorporation47.AconsentBinsuranceCadmission Dsecurit y48.Aparticularly Bbarel yCdefinitelyDrarely49.AsimilarBlongCdifferentDshort50.Aif onl yBnow thatCso thatDeven if51.Aeverything BanythingCnothingDsome

17、thing52.AoffBdownCoutDalone53.AOn the contrary BOn the average COn the whole DOn the other hand54.AmakingBstandingCplanningDtaking55.Acapabilities Bresponsibilities Cproficiency DefficiencySection reading comprehension (20 marks, 1mark each)Passage 有关球撞击拍子，不同旳拍子，不同旳撞击位置声音不同，欢迎跟帖指正Passage 时间旳相对变化，做了几

18、组实验，不同旳条件下，人们感觉 1 秒旳时间长短不同。Passage 2笙歌整顿 转载请注明 QQ 群：46561978浙江大学 年 真题预测Architects are hopeless when it comes to deciding whether the public will view their designsas marvels or monstrosities, according to a study by Canadian psychologists. They say designers should go back to school to learn about o

19、rdinary peoples tastes.Many buildings that appeal to architects get the thumbs down from the public. Robert Giffordof the University of Victoria in British Columbia decided to find out whether architects understand public preferences and simply disagree with them, or fail to understand the lay perso

20、ns view.With his colleague graham brown, he asked 25 experienced architects to look at photos of 42 large buildings in the US, Canada, Europe and Hong Kong. The architects predicted how the public would rate the buildings on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 represented “terrible” and 10“excellent”. a fur

21、ther 27 people who were not architects also scored the buildings out of 10. Inaddition, eight architects gave their own personal ratings of the buildings.The three groups tended to agree among themselves on a buildings merits. And architects correctly predicted that lay people would on average rate

22、buildings higher than they did themselves. but for individual buildings, the architects perceptions of what the lay people would think were often way off the mark. “Some architects are quite good at predicting lay preferences, but others are not onl y poor at it, they get it backwards.” says Gifford

23、.For instance, architects gave the Stockley Park building b-3 offices in London a moderate rating of 5.2. They thought the public would like it much better, predicting a rating of 6.3. But the public actually disliked the offices, and gave it 4.7. Gifford thinks that lay people respond to specific f

24、eatures of buildings, such as durability and originality, and hopes to pin down what they are.“Architects in architecture school need to be taught how lay people think about buildings,”Gifford concludes. He doesnt think designers should pander to the lowest common denominator, but suggests they shou

25、ld aspire towards buildings that appeal to the public and architects alike, such as the bank of china building in Hong Kong.Marco Goldschmidt of the Richard Rogers partnership, designers of the millennium dome in London, thinks the study is flawed. “The authors have assumed, wrongl y, that buildings

26、 can be meaningfully judged from photographs rather than actual visits,” he says. Goldschmidt thinks it would be more significant and interesting to look at the divergence of public taste between generations.66. What does the first paragraph of this passage imply?A. architects have a dark future in

27、designing marvelous buildings.B. architects dont care about how ordinary people view their designs. C. it is very difficult for architects to please the general public.D. architects dont know much about the public tastes for buildings.67. Through his study, Robert Gifford found that .A. the three gr

28、oups had similar responses to the photos of 42 large buildingsB. the architects generall y rated buildings lower than lay peopleC. the architects predicted precisely the preferences of lay peopleD. no architect could predict the public tastes towards buildings accurately68. From the passage we can l

29、earn that the bank of china building in Hong Kong . A. panders to the lowest common denominatorB. gets a low rate from the architects3笙歌整顿 转载请注明 QQ 群：46561978浙江大学 年 真题预测C. appeals to the public as well as the architectsD. gives the architects a lot of aspiration69. Marco Goldschmidt thinks that Giff

30、ords study is flawed because . A. it uses photos instead of actual visitsB. it ignores the public tastes between generationsC. it lacks the necessary significance and interestsD. it doesnt take into account the differences within the public70. What does the passage mainly deal with ? A. how to desig

31、n attractive buildings.B. architects need to understand public tastes.C. how lay people view buildings.D. different tastes between architects and the public.Passage Bangladeshi communities that are already being poisoned b y arsenic-tainted ( 含砷 ) groundwater are facing an appalling new threat. Thei

32、r rice and vegetables are also laced with high levels of arsenic.The health effects of eating such tainted food are not yet known, but the ramifications (门类)could be enormous. The WHO says contaminated drinking water alone could kill 270,000Bangladeshis over the next decade.In a terrible irony, arse

33、nic entered the Bangladeshi water supply when UNICEF and other international agencies sank millions of tube wells to provide clean drinking water. But the wells tapped into groundwater contaminated by arsenic from sedimentary deposits deep below Bangladesh.To deal with the problem, UNICEF and the Wo

34、rld Bank have been testing water from wells and marking them safe or dangerous but that testing program has been found to be flawed. To make matters worse, water from the wells is also used to irrigate paddy fields. However, until nowit wasnt known whether or not the rice was accumulating arsenic. T

35、ests on rice samples from around Bangladesh and found that arsenic levels did indeed vary according to the strength of local arsenic contamination in the soil and groundwater.Arsenic levels in different varieties of rice ranged from about 0.05 to 1.8 parts per million. InEurope and the US, levels ar

36、e around 0.05 parts per million. The WHO recommends a maximum level of 0.01 parts per million in drinking water but there are no guidelines for levels in foods,Ravi Naidu at CSIRO in Adelaide and his colleagues have been studying the uptake of arsenic from the soil b y Bangladeshi crops.Their data s

37、hows that arum, a popular vegetable, has arsenic levels of nearl y 150 parts per million. It is usuall y grown in wet zones adjacent to the tube wells. But some vegetables such as spinach and beans are relatively free from arsenic. The rice grains studied by Naidus team had arsenic levels that range

38、d from undetectable to over 1.6 parts per million. Their calculations show that nearly 30 per cent of the total arsenic intake for people in Bangladesh may be coming from their food.If the body can absorb arsenic from foodand this is yet to be proven - then merely tacklingdrinking water contaminatio

39、n will not be enough. Researchers fear that paddy（水稻） fields will continue to be irrigated from poisoned tube wells because Bangladesh does not have enough4笙歌整顿 转载请注明 QQ 群：46561978浙江大学 年 真题预测arsenic-free water for agriculture.71. The central idea of the passage is about _.A the contamination of water and crops in BangladeshB how to cultivate rice free of arsenicC the serious consequences of arsenic intakeD how to solve the water shortage problems in Bangladesh72. From the passage