Emerson爱默生PPT作者介绍

1、Ralph Waldo EmersonAuthor, Poet & Philosopher(1803-1882)876543Emersons QuotesA great man is always willing to be little.The reward of a thing well done is to have done it.The first wealth is health .LifeWorksInfluenceborn on May 25, 1803 in Boston, Massachusetts.Father was a famous minister,died whe

2、n he was eightLifeLife In 1817, Emerson entered Harvard College on a scholarship Life After graduation, Emerson became a school teacher in suburban Boston.1823 graduated from seminary school and became a priest to follow in the footsteps of his father.Life married in September 1829 with Ellen Tucker

3、.in 1831, after less than two years of marriage, Ellen died.In 1831, traveled to Europe In 1833, began a new career as a lecturer In 1835, married Lydia JacksonIn 1836, published his first book, Nature.LifeIn September 1836, Emerson and other like-minded intellectuals founded the Transcendental club

4、, which served as a center for the movement. LifeHe made the acquaintance with Henry David Thoreau(梭罗)who was also an active Transcendentalist. Thoreau helped Emerson to edit the Transcendentalist journal. LifeLifeThe group published its journal, The Dial, in July 1840.It was in 1841 that Emerson pu

5、blished Essays, his second book, which included the famous essay, Self-Reliance. in January 1842 ,Emersons son, Waldo, died of scarlet fever（猩红热）. In 1847, Emerson again traveled abroad, lecturing in England with success.He renewed his friendship with Carlyle.LifeLifeIn 1851 he began a series of lec

6、ture which would become The Conduct of Life, published in 1860.Emerson visited Washington, D.C, at the end of January, 1862.Starting in 1867, Emersons health began declining; he wrote much less in his journals.Beginning as early as the summer of 1871 or in the spring of 1872, Emerson started having

7、memory problems and suffered from aphasiafe(失语症).Final years and deathFinal years and death Emersons Concord home caught fire on July 24, 1872.The problems with his memory had become embarrassing to Emerson and he ceased his public appearances by 1879.Emerson died of pneumonia（njumonj 肺炎） on April 2

8、7, 1882，and, announcing his death, Concords church bells rang 79 times.Final years and death27BostonBoston is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States.小田 Ellen Tucker, a poet who suffered from tuberculosistju:,b:kjulusis. when she died, she

9、was only 20 years old.Birth: Sep. 20, 1802 Death: Nov. 13, 1892 Lidian Emerson died at the age of 90. She is buried in the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery next to her husband.Ellen TuckerRalph Waldo EmersonLydia Jackson Waldo Emerson Ellen Tucker Emerson Edward Waldo Emerson Edith Emersonthe first wife the s

10、econd wife the first son The daughter The daughter the son The Dial: A Magazine for Literature, Philosophy, and Religion.In its first form, from 1840 to 1844, it served as the chief publication of the Transcendentalists. Ellen Tucker Emerson (1839-1909) was a life-long Concord resident and an active

11、 member of the community. Never married, she looked after her aging parents, traveled to Britain, Europe, and Egypt with her father after the fire at Bush in 1872, She also wrote a manuscript biography of her mother,She lived in her parents home until her death. First son of Ralph Waldo Emerson, die

12、d of scarlet fever. His father wrote the poem Threnody and the essay Experience as a memorial poem. Waldo EmersonCemetery PhotoA threnody rnd is a song, hymn or poem of mourning composed or performed as a memorial to a dead personExperience is the name of an essay .It was published in the collection

13、 Essays: Second Series in 1844. The essay is preceded by a poem of the same title.He was the only surviving son of Ralph Waldo Emerson. He co-edited the first publication of his fathers journals Edward Waldo Emerson (10 July 1844 1930) was a United States physician, writer and lecturer.Birthdate: 18

14、41年11月22日 Birthplace: Concord, Massachusetts, USA Death: Died November 20, 1929 in Milton, Massachusetts, USA Edith EmersonThe Transcendental Club was a group of New England intellectuals of the early-to-mid-19th century which gave rise to TranscendentalismTranscendentalismWhat is Transcendentalism?

15、 “What is popularly called Transcendentalism among us is idealism”. - Emerson Transcendentalism is the view that the basic truths of the universe lie beyond the knowledge one obtains from his senses;Basic truths can be reached only through instinct and intuition and are a matter of private experienc

16、e;To arrive at the truth, man must go beyond or transcend what his eyes and ears tell him or what he can learn from books. He must listen to his inner soul. He must trust in the divinity that is in all men.American Transcendentalism (New England Transcendentalism ) The American Transcendentalism is

17、characterized by: emphasis on intuition, the spirit or the Oversoul; the stress on the importance of individualism; praise of nature as a symbol of the Spirit or God; belief in self-trust and self-reliance; dignity of manual labor. Born: 4 December 1795(1795-12-04)Died: 5 February 1881(1881-02-05) (

18、aged 85)London, England Occupation:Essayist, satirist, historian Literary:Victorian literature, movement: Romanticism Henry David Thoreau (July 12, 1817 May 6, 1862) was an American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, and leadin

19、g transcendentalist.He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundingsNature 论自然1836 The American Scholar 论美国学者 1837 Divinity School Address 神学院演讲1838The Oversoul 论超灵 1841Self Reliance 论自立 1841Essays: First Series 散文一集1841Essays: Second Series 散文二集 1844Poem

20、s 诗集 1846Representative Men 代表人物1850English Traits 英国人的特性1856Natural History of Intellect,知识的自然历史1893His Major WorksAbout the author and the text the sound of nature the color of nature Nature the taste of nature the caressing of nature Emersons verse is typically untraditional and unprecedented and

21、 the themes are that of nature and meditation.He believed in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance.In 1836, Nature was published , which epitomized the main doctrines of his philosophy, his theories and his belief in the progress of man and society.His attitude towards nature: Emers

22、on loves nature. His nature is the garment of the over-soul, symbolic and moral bound. Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with Gods presence. It exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. Children can see nature better than adult.Now, lets go to the textTo go

23、 into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. (para1)为了寻得孤身独处，人有必要走出卧房，退出社会，回归自然。Nature is the embodiment of humans mind. Joyful nature represents happiness, while sad nature shows sorrow.(爱默生眼中的自然是人的精神化身，欢乐的自然呈现着欢乐，哀愁的自然则又显得哀愁)the integrity of impression made by ma

24、nifold natural objects. (para2 line10)大千世界中多种事物给予的完整的印象 It shows Emersons romantic opinion of nature, he regards the various things in the world as a organic whole.(表明爱默生视大千世界为一个有机整体的浪漫主义自然观)Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egot

25、ism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Bing circulate through me; I am part of God.(para2 line45)当我伫足旷野，头脑陶醉在宜人的空气中，身体只觉得飘飘然腾空而起，所有卑微的私心杂念都荡然无存了。我变成了一颗透明的眼球。我渺小至极，却洞悉一切。世间生灵汇成一股洪流，在我周身循环，我成了上帝或大或小的一个部分。Emerson stresses that men are in har

26、mony with the nature.(爱默生强调人与自然界的和谐一致)Nature always wears the colors of the spirit.(para4 line6)大自然总是披着情感的外衣。In Emersons opinion, spirit involves mans mind and the nature, material is the symbol of spirit. So, he holds the view that mans transcendent effect should be unleashed.(在他看来，精神渗透人的心灵和自然界，物质为

27、精神之象征。他主张发挥人的超验作用) “Self-Reliance” was first published in his 1841 collection, Essays: First Series. It contains the most solid statement of one of Emersons repeating themes, the need for each individual to avoid conformity and false consistency, and follow his or her own instincts and ideas.Theme o

28、f Self-Reliance Be yourself. Trust your own inner voice. Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine providence has found for you, the society of your contemporaries, the connection of events. Great men have always done so, 信任你自己吧：每颗心都随着那弦跳动，接受上苍为你找到的地位同代人组成的

29、社会和世网。巨大的人物总是像孩子似地将自己托付给时期的精力,表露他们所感知到的上帝正在他们内心引起骚动，正假他们之手在运作，并驾驭着他们全部身心。and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age, betraying their perception that the absolutely trustworthy was seated at their heart, working through their hands, predominating in all their being.What I must do is

30、 all that concerns me, not what the people think. This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness. It is the harder, because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it. It

31、is easy in the world to live after the worlds opinion;我必须做的是一切与我有关的事，而不是别人想要我做的事。这条法则，在现实生活和精力生涯中都是同样艰难艰苦的，它是巨大与卑贱的全部差别。它将变得更加艰难，假如你总是碰到一些自认为比你自己更理解什么是你的义务的人。it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independe

32、nce of solitude. 依照世人的观念在这世界上生活是件轻易的事；依照你自己的观念，离群索居也不难；但若置身在众人之间，却能尽善尽美地怕然坚持着个人独立性，却只有巨人才干办得到。 The other terror that scares us from self-trust is our consistency; a reverence for our past act or word, because the eyes of others have no other data for computing our orbit than our past acts, and we ar

33、e loath to disappoint them. 另一个使我们不敢自负的胆怯是我们想要随众顺俗。这是我们对自己过往的所作所为的敬畏之情，因为在别人眼里能够藉以评判我们行动轨迹的根据，除了我们的所作所为之外别无他物，而我们又不愿意使他们扫兴。A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines. With consistency a great soul has simply nothing to do. He may as well concern himself with his shadow on the wall. Speak what you think now in hard words, and to-morrow speaks what to-morrow thinks in hard words again, though it contradi