第六周元句子中用到动词需要注意三个问题

1、动词的时态句子中用到动词，需要注意“三个问题”1. 时态（16 种）2. 语态 （语态）3. 语气 （虚拟语气）动词的时态（A）一般时1)一般现在时：结构：主语+ V 的一般现在式用法：表示经常性、性的动作，常用时间状语often, usually, every day 等；1)He goes to school at six every day.He usually spendmmerhe mountains.表示现在的状态、特征；My parents live in a village near the Swiss border. England and France are separa

2、ted by the English Channel.表示客观真理、格言等；The earth moves around the sun.2)3)Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败4)在时间&条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。（主将从现）When I graduate, Ill go to the countryside.If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting.下列从句中也通常用一般现在时表将来Make sure Be sureTake care Make certain See to it例如：+ （t）

3、+ 从句（通常用一般现在时表将来）Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave. Be sure you finish it today.See to itt the door is fastened before you go to bed.形式时间轴A 一般时B 进行时C 完成时D 完成进行时现在将来过去过去将来2)一般将来时：结构：主语 + will /shall + V 原型用法：1） 表示将来要发生的动作或状态。Ill be sixteen years old next month.The sun will rise at

4、 5:30 tomorrow morning.2） 表示根据目前的情况分析，将来会发生的事。例如：The weather will be good tomorrow. He will be in prison for a long time.Look at the sky. It will probably rain later.3） 表示根据安排、意愿或决定将要去做的事。例如：You look tired, Ill cook dinner tonight. We will visit the nature museum tomorrow.I will come with you at the

5、kend, whatever my parents say!4）另有以下为几种常见的表示将来时的结构： be going to + V 原型 (比基本形式多了一层“计划性”)We are going to have a meeting today.He is going to do some shophe nearest supermarket tomorrow morning. be about to + V 原型(意为“眼下马上就要发生”或者是“紧急的情况”)Come on! The check-in desk is about to close.The plane is about to

6、 take offSo the passengers are asked to turn off their mobile phones be to + V 原型 (表示根据安排或计划“坚定、坚决要发生的事”)The play is to be performed next Friday eveningTheis to hold an offil reception for the visitors. be due to + V 原型(表示“应当于将来某时做某事”)常与时间状语连用。Im due to graduatehe nexlf of the year.The repairs are d

7、ue to start on 26th May.表示往返移动的动词，如：come, go, leave, arrive, take off ,fly, move 等，以及表示开始结束的动词，如：begin, start, stop, end, open, close 等,可以用一般现在时和现在进行时表示将来要出现的情况。 一般现在时表示将来，(表示常规状态的，按时间表要发生的“将来行为或动作”)The train leaves at ninehe morning. 现在进行时表示将来，be的“将来事情”)ng (表示非惯例的、新安排的、说话人看来非常重要They are getting mar

8、ried next month.The Computer City has announcedt it is opening four new shops next month.3)一般过去时：结构：主语+ V 的一般过去式用法：1）表示过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作。例如：He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.He wrote ten letters this morning.表示在过去存在的某种状态，或过去持续了一段时间的状态。例如：2）He lived in Paris until he was ten.表示过去经常发生的动作或多次反复的行为。例如：3）He rode a

9、bike to school every day when he was a middle school student.Every morning I took a walk when I washe country side.I used to play chess. (过去常发生，而现在不再如此)During the vacation I would swimhe sea.4）在下列虚拟语气结构中，用一般过去时表示现在Its timeI wishId rather+ 从句（用一般过去时）例如：Its time you had a holiday.I wish you lived clos

10、er to us. I d rather you did it now.（B）进行时现在进行时：结构：主语 + am/is/are + V-ing用法：表示现在（说话时）正在进行的动作. The boys are playing basketball on the playground now. Look! It is raining outside.表示在一个特定的时间段里反复进行的事情. We are making mplanes these days. Mr. Green is writing a novel these days.3) 动词的现在进行时与 always、constant

11、ly、continually、forever等连用，表达某种感彩，如不耐烦、不满意等. She is always complaining. He is forever finding fault with me.4）表示根据安排在最近的将来要出现的情况5)将来进行时：结构：主语 + Will + be + V-ing用法：表示将来某个具体的时间点、时间段将会正在进行的动作1)When I get home after work, you will probably be watchingYou are having English class right now, then what wil

12、l you be tomorrow?表示按计划要做或预定会发生的事（表示将来行为）I will be seeing her over Christmas vacation.Im sorry, I cant come to your wedding as Ill be working onevi.ng this time2)t day.重在表达将来事件是惯例或常规，且肯定会发生。试比较：We have ourkly meeting tomorrow.Were having ourkly meeting tomorrow instead of Friday thisk.Well be having

13、 ourkly meeting tomorrow so Ill present your proal then.6)过去进行时：结构：主语 + was/ were + V-ing用法：1）表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作He was reading a novel when I came in. In 1980 he was studying in a university.与一般过去时的对比He wrote a book last year.(已经写完)He was writing a book last year.(正在写，可能尚未写完)He lived in Paris duri

14、ng his last years.(长久的情况).( 曾经一时的情况而已)Ippened while I was living in Lon（C）完成时7)现在完成时：结构：主语 + has/ have + p.p. (动词的过去分词)用法：1）表示动作在说话前已完成，但对现在有影响。可与某些时间状语连用，如：y, still, ever, so far, seldom, never 等。already, yet, just, recently, laI have lost my wallet. ( 目前仍未找到) He has already obtained a scholarship.

15、I havent seen much of him recently.2）表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去，常与 for 和 since连用，或表示（包括现在时间在内的状语）连用，如：now, today, thisk, upto now，so far 等。He has studied English for 5 years. I have been here since 2013.Up to now, everything has been sucsful.基本形式动作的状态动作的持续性一般过去时动词的过去式已完成或较长久的情况过去进行时was/ were + V-ing正

16、在进行短暂的动作3）在下列结构中，要用现在完成时序数词It / This is + the +the onlyAdj 的+ sth +t +现在完成时It is thetimet Ive seen such a wonderful building.This is the only bookt he has ever written.It is the best filmt Ive ever seen.与一般过去时的对比The tower has stood there for centuries.I havent seen Keith this morning yet.I didnt see

17、 KeiIve been to Beijint all this morning.ice.I went to Beijing in 2011 and 2013.8)过去完成时：结构：主语 + had + p.p. (动词的过去分词)用法：1）表示过去某一时间节点前已完成的动作。Byof last year we had built five new houses.By the time the UK task force arrived, the rebel forhad taken the province.9)将来完成时：结构：主语 + will/ shall +have+p.p. (动词

18、的过去分词)用法：一般过去时 （动词的过去式）现在完成时 (has/have + P.P)动作或行为已结束强调动作一直延续到现在表述时间已经过去表述的时间尚未结束仅表示过去的事情，与现在无关与现在有联系指代一个明确的过去时间不指代明确的时间1) 预计将来某个时刻前 某行为已经完成。简单句常有 by, by then, before 等表时间的介词，复合句中常有before, when 引导的时间状语从句。Byof nextk, they will have reached the destination.By the time he arrives, we will already have

19、left California.Ill have finished reading the book before the next lesson.10) 过去将来时：结构：主语 + would+动词用法：1）表示从过去的某时看来，将来要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用于宾语从句。They were suret they would succeed.He said he would call for me at six.She asked me what I would do the next morning.2) 其它几种表达法：Was/were going to do sth 表示过去的计划

20、、意图，常表示未实现。Was/were to do Was/were about to do Was/were due to doWas/were to have表示按计划在过去将来要发生的事e sth 表示“原本打算”“原计划”做的事没有发生。I was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he didnt come.2nd January, but the exploThe new department store was to have openeprevented this.练习题：一填空：1. You have a nice watch.nk y

21、ou. I it since I got married.A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought2.Old John died five years ago.Old John has 5 years. The film began 10 minutes ago.The film for 10 minutes. My uncle came here an hour ago.My uncle has for an hour.an hour my uncle came here.The girl sitting next to me on the plan

22、was very nervous, for she before.34.5.A. didnt flyB. hasnt flownC. hadnt flownD. wasnt flying6. Excuse me, Sir. Smoking is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. I .A.t knowB.didnt knowC. havent knownD. cant know7. Darling, I am sorry. I you coming tomorrow morning,diner for you.so I didnt prepareA.think / we

23、reB. thought/ wereC. think/ areD. thought / are二单选：1.(2002it?高考题)You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you likeIm sorry I anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt sayingB.t sayC. wont sayD. didnt say2.(2002高考题) I wonder why Jenny us recently. We should ha

24、ve heardfrom her by now.A. hasnt writtenB. doesnt writeC. wont writeD. hadnt written3.(2003春季高考题)When will you come to see me，Dad?I will go to see you when you the training course.A. will have finishedB. will finishC. are finishingD. finish4.(2003春季高考题)How long at this job? Since 1990.A. were you em

25、ployedC. had you been employedB. have you been employedD. will you be employedof last year, another new gymnasium in5.(2003春季高考题)ByBeijing.A. would be completedC. has been completedB. was being completedD. had been completed6.(2002bear高考题)The little girl her heart out because she her toyand beved sh

26、e wasnt ever going to find it.A. had cried; lostC. has cried; has lostB. cried; had lostD. cries; has lost7.(2002高考题)Excuse me，sir. Would you do me a favor?Of course. What is it?I if you couldl me how to fill out this form.A. had wonderedB. was wonderingC. would wonderD. did wonder8.(2002高考题)He will

27、 have learned English for eight years by the time hefrom the university next year.A. will graduateC. graduatesB. will have graduatedD.is to graduate9.(2002高考题)I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.A.is to blameB.is going to blameC.is to be blameD. should blame10. He has been writing th

28、e comition the whole morning and he still .A. has beenB. doesC. hasD.is11. If city noises from increasing, people shout to be heard even at thedinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have toB. are not kept; have toC.ot keep; will have toD.ot keep; have to12.The price ，but I doubt whethe

29、r it will remain so.A. went downB. will go downC. has gone downD. was going down13.How long each other before they married?For about a year.A. have they known; getB. did they know; getC.do they know; are going to get14. You cant move in right now. TheD. had they known; gothouse .A. has paedB.is paed

30、C.is being paedD.is paing15.Hey，look where you are going! Oh，Im terribly sorry.A. Im not noticingC.I havent noticed16. The reporter saidA. was travelingB.I wasnt noticingD.It noticet the UFO east to west when he saw it.B. traveledC. had been travelingD. was to travel17.Is this raincoat yours?No，mine

31、 there behind the door.A.is hangingB. has hangC. hangsD. hang18. I turned around and saw everybody at a man who loudly in aforeign language.A. was staring; was shoutingC. staring; shoutingB. was staring; shoutingD. stared; shouted19. Henry remained silent for a moment. He.A. thoughtB. had thoughtC.

32、was thinkingD. was thought20.We would like to go andnk him ourselves，but we out his address yet,A. havent foundB. hadnt foundC. didnt findD.t find21.Shirley a book abofinished.hina last year but It know whether she hasA. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writingrs .22. Have you got your test result? Not yet. The pA. are not correctingC. are still being correctedB. have not correctedD. have already been corrected23. See the clouds! It rain!A. will 24.A. tastesB.is going toC. mustD. certainlyhave to take this medic