通过100个单词掌握英语语法合集

1、通过100个单词掌握英语语法合集a/an不定冠词与单数名词连用(1)在文中引出新的人或事件：An Englishman,a Scotsman and an Australian were on a plane.(2)表示某人或某事是某个群体的一个成员：Fatimas a Muslim.(3)泛泛地谈论一类事物： An octopus has eight legs.注意：发音以辅音开头的单词前面用a,发音以元音开头的单词前面用an.a plane;a Muslim; a house;a university studentan octopus; an hour;an umbrella;an MA

2、语法结构1 名词短语 + is/was | + a/an | + 分类名词My flatmate is a Swede.Jane Austen was an English writer.The kangaroo is a marsupial.对人或事加以分类，比如说明其国籍或职业.2 there | +is/was等 | + a/an | + 名词短语 | (+状语)There is a supermarker next to the station.There was an immediate reaction.There was a strange smell in the kitche

3、n.(在描述时引出新话题)3 名词短语| + has/s got | + a/an | (+形容词) | + 名词短语Milan has a Gothic cathedral.Jans got a nice smile.Has vigo got an airport?描述地点、人物和事物。4名词短语 |+ is/was | + such | +a/an | + 名词短语Kevin is such a hard worker.Its such a shame.强调对某事或某人的感受。搭配有很多用have a .或take a .开头的 “动词+名词”组合,例如:have a drink,have

4、 a bite(to eat),have a laugh,have/take a look,have a go,have a talk,have a say,have a try,have a ride,have/take a walk,have/take a rest.Can you take a look at my homework?We stopped at a roadside cafe and had a bite to eat.I had a go on Robins new motobike.Everyone should have a say in the peace pro

5、cess.固定用语 a few/a little/a lot (of) etc. 少数/少量/许多等 we had a few friends round for dinner. Theres a little salad left,if youd like some. How much time have we got? A lot. 谈论数量少数/少量/许多等. a kilo/a metre/a dozen etc. 一千克/一米/一打等 Petrol costs 3 euros a litre. How much are the eggs? F1.50 a dozen. 谈论价格. a

6、coffee/a fruit juice /a Coke etc .一杯/一瓶/一听咖啡/果汁/可乐等 Would you like a coffee? He bought me a tomato juice and ordered a Scotch for himself. 指一杯/一瓶/一听某种饮料 a hundred/a thousand/a A hundred and twenty people attended the meeting. There were more than a million viewers one 的非强调形式. She checks her e-mail t

7、hree of four times a day. I go to the gym once a week. They get paid less than ten dollars an hour. 谈论事情发生的频率或速率(这里a/an的意思是every,每一个).二All限定词所有的，全部的：She ate all the chocolates. The cat drank all the milk.代词每件事;每一,每个:Alls well that ends well. We can all go home.副词完全地,彻底地:Gavin was all alone. The game

8、 is all over.语法结构1 all | + 复数名词或不可数名词 All birds have wings, but not all birds can fly. All hotel guests must check out by 11pm. All fruit is good for you. 泛泛地谈论世上的每一个人或每一件东西，或是某个特定类别里面的每一个人 或每一件东西2 all | + (of) | + the/these/my等 | +复数名词或不可数名词 All the marked items are half price. We threw out all of

9、the furniture. All of our old schoolmates are coming to the reunion. Thanks for all you advice. 谈论被看作群体的人或成套的东西3 all | + (of)| the/this/my 等 | + 单数可数名词 Have you read all the newspaper? The baby didnt eat all its dinner. Nearly all of his body is tattooed. 从总体上谈论一件事情.4 all | + of | + 宾格代词 Is there ro

10、om in the car for all of us? Youll have to share your sweets,because I havent got enough for all of you. 包括每一个人。5 名词短语 | + all We all live in a yellow submarine. The children all stood in a line. The meal was delicious; I enjoyed it all. 强调每一个人或每一件事都包括大内。6 all | + 关系从句 | + is/was 等 All I want is a r

11、oom somewhere. All you need is love. 表示只有一件事情存在，或只有一件事情是必要的.7 all + 形容词/副词/介词 He sat all alone by the fire. The partys all off-the landlord wouldnt give us permission. Id like to hear all about your wedding. 强调完整性。搭配 下面是 all + 时间表达法 的一些常见组合 all day/night/morning/afternoon/evening等 all summer/winter等

12、 all day long/all night long/all summer long 等 all year round all the time(=continually) for all time(= for ever) of all time That bird sings all day long They live in their beach house all year round He was the greatest dramatist of all time.固定短语 (not). at all = in any way 在任何一个方面(不);根本(不) I liked

13、the book but I didnt like the film at all. by all means 当然可以 Can I call you jeffrey? By all means. 用于表示许可 all in all 总的来说 All in all,it was a very successful conference. 用于总结、归纳 all of a sudden = suddenly 突然 All of a sudden,a face appeared at the window. for all = despite尽管 For all his faults,hes st

14、ill a nice guy. for all I/we know 说不定,没准 For all I know,he may be a hundred. 表示某事可能是真的，但对你并不重要 first of all 首先 First of all ,I want to thank the organizers. 用以强调首先提到的人或事. after all 终究，毕竟 Youre coming after all! Yes,I changed my mind. 用以说明尽管事先说过或计划过，但某事还是发生了.三am/is/are(1)实义动词(也叫主要动词或词汇动词),连接两个概念:Emma

15、 is a teacher. The eggs are in the fridge.(2)助动词: Im doing my homework. Coffee is produced in Colombia.注意：动词be在现在时里的各种形式 单数 复数第一人称 I am(Im) We are(Were) 第二人称 you are(youre)第三人称 he is(hes) she is (shes) they are(theyre) it is(its)语法结构(主要动词)1 名词短语 | + am/is/are | + 名词短语/形容词/介词/副词 Warsaw is the capital

16、 of Poland. Are you well? Im in the shower. The neighbours lights arent on. 给出有关主语的更多信息,如人物、事件、地点、时间或方式 (助动词) 2 名词短语 | + am/is/are | + -ing Kate is watching TV. The nights are getting colder,arent they? Whenever we go to Bilbao it is raining. 谈论目前正在进行的事情-可以是现在，或者这一段时间，也可以是非常 泛泛地谈论。(这种结构叫做现在进行时。) I a

17、m flying to Athens next week. When are you seeing Aurelio? 谈论将来的安排.3 名词短语 | + am/is/are | + 带to的不定式 Talks are to begin next week in Washington. 谈论将来安排的一种比较正式的说法、强调其确定性。4 名词短语 | + am/is/are | + 过去分词 Where is Catalan spoken? Towels are not provided. Im often asked that question. 谈论现在发生的事情，且无需提及施动者。(这种

18、结构叫做一般现在时的 被动语态。) 搭配口语中最常用于语法结构4(被动语态)的一些动词有：do,make,call,put,give,take,use和tell。 The laundry is done on Fridays. What is a cash-dispenser called in French? 技术和学术性文章中最常用于被动语态(包括所有时态)的一些动词有:make,give,use,find,see,take,do,call和say。 Most light switches are made from white plastic. A Petri dish is used

19、for cultivating bacteria.最常用于语法结构4(被动语态)的副词有:now,also,well,still,actually和often。 Rhodesia is now called Zimbabwe. Alligators are also found in China. The kitchen sink is still blocked.固定短语 are you (still) there ? 你在听吗? .and so I was saying to Brenda . Are you there? Yes,yes,Im listening.Go on. 打 时的用

20、语. Where are you ? 你在哪? Hi. Where are you ? Im on the train. 通话时常常问起的问题. Where are you from ? 你是哪里人? Where are you from ? Well,I was born in England,but I grew up in Australlia. 询问某人的国籍或家乡. Whats it called in Spanish/English/Chinese etc.? 西班牙语/英语/汉语等怎么说 Whats an artichoke called in Spanish? Una alca

21、chofa. 要求翻译.连词连接两个词、词组、分句和句子: Theres hot and cold water. The match finished and we all left. The bus is fast. And its not expensive.语法结构1 短语 | + and | + 短语 短语 , 短语 | + and | + 短语 We bought some apples and bananas. Everyone was waving and cheering madly. You and I are both Scorpios. The apartment was

22、 small,dark and very uninviting. 连接两个或多个概念2 分句 | + and | + 分句 Jack did the dishes and Jill watched the news. 表示两件(或多件)事情同时发生 Jack washed the clothes and Jill ironed them. 表示一个行为紧跟着另一个行为 Jack was tired and went to bed. 表示一件事是另一件事的原因3 (you) | +祈使句 | + and | + 含will的分句 You do that again and Ill call th

23、e police! Keep practising and youll get better. 表示如果某事发生,就会产生某种结果4 try | + and | + 动词 come/go | + and | +动词 wait | + and | + see try and relax. Come and see the penguins. Shall we phone for a doctor? No,lets wait and see. 通过讲第一个行为的目的而将两个行为连接起来.5 单词 | + and | + 相同的单词 lots/loads/tons等 | + and | + lots

24、/loads/tons等 I laughed and laughed. The speeches went on and on It got colder and colder. There were loads and loads of presents. 强调重复、长时间持续、增加或数量很多等事实.6 both| +短语 | + and | + 短语 Both my brother and my sister are fair-haired. He can both speak and write Chinese. 强调两件事情存在或具有一些共同的特征。搭配下列动词经常用于 go + an

25、d 结构 : see,get,have,do,make,buy,tell,ask。Lets go and have a pizza。Can you go and see whos at the door?下列动词经常用于 come + and 结构 : get,see,sit,say,have,help,stay。Come and help with the cleaning.Why dont you come and sit next to me?下列动词经常用于 try + and结构 : get,find,remember,do,make,put。Try and remember:whe

26、re did you last put the keys?为了增强肯定的语气,许多形容词可以用于nice and .或good and .的结构中: The shops are nice and handy. It makes you teeth nice and white. Tie it up good and tight. and用在hundred之后: a hundred and ten;six hundred and twenty-five 固定短语 and so on / and st They asked me for my driving licence,my passport

27、 and so on. She does all kinds of dangerous sports,like hang-gliding and stuff. 以一种含糊的方式来扩充类别或完成话语 and/or .和/或 Come round for a drink and /or a meal。 用以说明两件事情或只有其中一件事情可以存在或发生。限定词和代词表示不确定的数量:Have you got any change? Any fool knowsthat. I dont like any of these shoes.副词达到某种程度或范围：None of us are getting

28、 any younger.语法结构1 any | + 复数名词或不可数名词 | + ?Is there any milk?Do you have any brothers or sisters?询问不太精确的数量。2 not| + any | +复数名词或不可数名词She hasnt got any experience. None at all?There werent any cucumbers in the market. Not a single one.用以说明某种东西一个都不存在3 if | + any | 复数名词或不可数名词If you have any questions,y

29、ou can ask them at the end.Id be surprised if she has any savings.用于谈论一个假设的不太精确的数量4 any | + 名词短语Use any towel - take your pickAny green vegetables can be stir-fried.意指一类当中的一个,是哪一个并不重要5 any | + of | + 名词短语Have you read any of her books?I dont like any of his music.Do any of you speak German?用以指一个或几个人

30、或事物，或指某物的一部分6 (not) | + any | + 比较级The two-star hotel wasnt any cheaper than the three-star one.Do you feel any better?强调比较搭配any 用在非肯定式语境中,如否定陈述句、疑问句和if分句;可以和表示否定意思的副词连用,如never,hardly,seldom,rarely;也可以和表示否定意思的动词连用，如refuse,doubt;还可以接在without之后They never have any nice things in this shop.Theres seldom

31、 any traffic here,except in the weekends.I doubt that there will be any papers left.She left for the shops without any money.固定短语 not any good/use 没用的 It isnt any use complaining:they wont listen. A big car isnt any good in the city. 说明某物是不好的、没用的或无效的 in any case/in any event = whatever the situation

32、 is,or may be 无论情况如何，或许 We may be late,but,in any case, they never start on time. Mrs Thomas hasnt arrived yet.In any event,she has our phone number. at any rate 无论如何,不管怎样 The bus is packed!Well,we wont be lonely,at any rate. 说明关于某个情形至少有一件事是真的或令人满意的 by any chance也许 Are you and Julie related,by any c

33、hance? 弄清某事是否是真的 any longer六as介词以.的角色,以.的形式：He worked for a while as a logger,The news came as a shock.副词和形容词、副词搭配使用表示比较:Its not as hot today. I can typealmost as fast as you.连词 (1) 当的时候：The phone rang just as I was leaving.(2) 因为: As youre new here,Ill give you a hand.(3)照方法,正如: Wed better leave th

34、ings as they were when we arrived.语法结构1 分句 | + as | + 分句 as | + 分句 , | + 分句 The people cheered the doldiers as they marched past. As we were leaving,the sun came out. 表示在某事发生的时候另一件事正在发生。 You go first,as you know the way. As Friday is a holiday,the banks will be closed. 给出做某事的理由 I prefer the office a

35、s it was,with the desk opposite the door. Fasten the seat belt,as shown. 谈论某事的存在方式或处理方式2 as | + 形容词/副词 | + as | +名词短语/分句/形容词 Terry is nearly as tall as her brother. She swims well,but not as well as you (do). Your exam results were not as bad as you think. Ill do it as soon as I can(OR: as soon as p

36、ossible). 比较两件事的性质,或两个人的能力,或是将某事与某个标准进行比较。3 名词短语 | +动词 | + as | + if/though | + 分句 It looks as if its going to rain. You sound as though youve got a cold. 谈论外在的表象 搭配 带介词as的常用动词短语有: serve as , use something as ,be known as, be regarded as ,be seen as, be considered as ,be defined as The carrying case

37、 also serves as a convenient work surface when travelling. Beethovens Third Symphony(also known as the Eroica) was composed in 1805. Motivation is sometimes defined as goal-oriented effort. 在书面报告或说明性文字里,as 经常引导具有前指或后指功能的分句 As we have seen,the best method of preventing. As shown in diagram 6.1 . As w

38、e shall see in Chapter 5. 经常用在as . as (语法结构2)前面的状语有:almost,nearly,at least 和just,此外, 还有像twice,three times,half这样的表达方式 That giraffe is almost as tall as the tree. This restaurant is just as expensive as the other one Dave works twice as hard as Cameron 固定短语 as well as just as well as for 至于 As for th

39、e postal strike,I think that . 转移至另一个主题 such as . = for example 例如 Many tropical fruits,such as mangos and papayas,are available in your local supermarket nowadays. as yet = until now 直到现在 I dont have any news as yet,but we expect to hear from them soon. as it is / as it was .实际上 The plane was meant

40、 to arrive at 5.30,but as it was ,we didnt get there till midnight. 说明现在或过去某时的真实情况 as long as 规则动词：ask,asked,asked提问、提要求或发出邀请:Do you live round here?she asked. lets ask someone the way. I asked Bronwyn to dinner.语法结构1 ask | ( + 名词短语) | + 名词短语 A man asked me the time. Can I ask you a few questions? I

41、 need to ask a favour. 表示获取信息，获得许可、帮助等等2 ask | ( + 名词短语 ) | + for/about | + 名语短语 The landlady has asked for the rent. Id like to ask you about your work. 谈论或转述要求和询问3 ask | (+名语状语) | ( + not) | + 带to的不定式 A client was asking to see the manager. I was asked to take off my shoes. Can you ask the childre

42、n not to touch the paintings? 表示做事情的要求和命令4 ask | (+ 名词短语) | + wh-从句 She asked the school when the Italian course started. Ill ask where the bus leaves from. 谈论或转述wh-问句 5 ask | (+ 名词短语) | + if从句 Ask him if he knows the Prescotts. 谈论或转述一般疑问句 6 ask | (+ 名词短语) | + wh-词 | + 带to的不定式 I asked how to get to

43、the airport Ask the teacher what to do next. 谈论或转述程序步骤7 引语 + 名词短语 | + ask | ( + 名语短语) Whats the matter? she asked him. Have you got the right time? I asked 在直接引语里转述问题和请求搭配 下面这些名词短语经常和ask搭配用于语法结构1和语法结构2里：a question, questions,permission,my opinion,the way,a favour,the time,some advice, the price. Do

44、you mind if I ask you a question? To see the rare books you have to ask permission. Can I ask a favour? 下面这些副词小品词用在 ask + someone 结构里构成短语动词,意指邀请(invite): out,along,over,up,back。 Michael asked me out,but I told him I was too busy. Lets ask Nigel and Alfonso over. Elena is downstairs.Ask her up.固定短语 .

45、if you ask me 依我看,我认为 The plan wont work,if you ask me. 表明你在陈述一个明确的看法(或观点) may I ask?请问 Whos calling,may I ask? 礼貌甚至是正式的提问方式 if you dont mind my/me asking如果你不介意我问的话 How old are you now,if you dont mind my asking? 询问有可能敏感的话题 Dont ask别问了 How much did you pay for your nose job?Dont ask! 比较随意地表示不想回答这个问题

46、 Dont ask me 别问我，不知道 Wheres Joey? Dont ask me. (经常是生气地)表示不知道答案介词 (1)表示事情发生的地点或场合: Ill drop you at the station. They met at a conference.(2)表示事情发生的时间: The train leaves at 6.00. Will you be home at lunchtime?语法结构1 at | + 名词短语 At one end of the beach there is a restaurant. We have just landed at Gatwic

47、k Airport where the local time is 11.25. I left my wallet at home. The Prime Minister lives at 10 Downing Street. Lets meet at the cinema. 谈论空间和旅途中的某个地点、住址或从事某些活动的地方。 The meeting finished at 9.00. The trains stop running at midnight. I only ever see my family at Christmas. Dad retired at 65, and too

48、k up gardening. 谈论钟点，或一天、一年或一生里的某个时间点2 动词 | + at | + 名词短语 Look at the moon! Dont shout at the dog: it cant understand you. The children waved at the train as it passed. I pointed at my glass and the waiter refilled it. 将注意力、声音或手势指向某人或某物。3 形容词 | + at | + 名词短语 Isobel is good at maths. At school I was

49、terrible at sports. 表示擅长或不擅长做某事.搭配 跟at搭配表示地点或场合的常用短语有: at the beginning,at the end,at the top,at the bottom; at home,at work,at school,at university等; at Stuarts(place),at Lornas等; at the doctors,at the hairdressers,at the drycleaners等; at the bank,at the station,at the post office等; at a party,at a

50、 meeting,at a concert,at a wedding等; at breakfast,at lunch,at dinner。 经常跟at搭配表示时间的词有：dawn,sunrise,sunset,noon,night,midnight,the weekend. 经常跟at搭配(语法结构2)的动词是: look,stare,smile,laugh,get和be aimed。 Dont stare at the nuns.Its rude. Can you get at the jar on the top shelf? Im not tall enough. I dont unde

51、rstand you. What are you getting at? The publicity is aimed at teenagers. 固定短语 at (long ) last = eventually 最终 At long last the food arrived,but we were too tired to enjoy it。 at once= immediately,or,at the same time 立刻;同时 Serve it at once,while it is still hot. You shouldnt try and do so many thing

52、s at once. at least .至少，起码 There were at least a hundred people at the funeral. If you do nothing else,you could at least tidy your room. 表示事物的最小数量或事情可完成的最低限度。 at the moment/at present=now 现在 Im sorry,Im rather busy a you call back? at its/his/her etc. best= in its/his/her etc. best state 在它/他/她等的最佳

53、状态 Im sorry,Im not at my best before breakfast. while youre at it 顺便 Im going to get some bread. Can you get some croissants while youre at it? 要求别人在做某事的同时做另一件事. at all九back副词(1)以前，追溯到；后退，在后面：Please move back:youre in the way. When I look back on my days in the army.(2)回家；在原来的地方：When did you get bac

54、k? Put the books back on the shelf.名词后面;后背： There is a garden at the back of the house. Ive hurt my back.形容词后面的: Sit in the back seat and Ill sit in the front.规则动词： back,backed,backed (1)向后移动：Back the car into the garage.(2)支持:Which team are you going to back?语法结构1 动词 | + back I looked back and saw

55、someone following me. Stand back,and let the doctor through. I often think back to my school days. 表示相反方向的运动，即在身后或追溯到过去. Are the neighbours back? We leave on Thursday and get back on Sunday night. He flew there and back in the same day. 表示返回的运动，即回家、回到原来的地方或是回到其他起点。 2 动词 | + 名词短语 | + back 动词 | + back

56、 | + 名词短语 What government has ever cut back spending on defence? Ill run the tape back,and well listen to it again. 表示反转或翻转东西。 Im busy right now.Can you phone me back? Mrs Jeffries brought back that pan she borrowed. Dont lend money to George:he never pays it back. 表示回复或归还(东西)。3 动词 | + back | + 介词 |

57、 + 名词短语 The government promised to raise pensions but it went back on its word. The ruins date back to the tenth century. 表示事情回到原来的状态或倒转 搭配属于语法结构1的短语动词有:(表示相反方向的运动):fall back,hang back,lean back,lie back,stand back, stepback,turn back,look back。(表示返回的运动):arrive back,be back,bounce back,come back,dri

58、ve back,fly back,get back,fight back. Dont hang back:go and ask Fiona for a dance. The market experienced sharp falls last week,but it has bounced back in the last few days. 属于语法结构2的短语动词有:(表示相反方向的运动):cut back,keep back,set back.(表示返回的运动): answer back,call/phone back,bring back,get back,give back,han

59、d back,pay back,play back,put back,take back,win back. The spending cuts have set back research several years. I take back what I said about Jim:hes proved me completely wrong. Did you get your money back? 属于语法结构3的短语动词有：cut back on ,date back to , go back on. My doctortold me I had to cut back on su

60、gar and fat.还有由动词back构成的短语动词:从之前说过的某事back down,表示改变了主意.(The government refuse to back down.) back into/out of 停车场,表示将车倒进或倒出停车场back out 你原来同意要做的事，表示你不再同意做它(Hania offered to design my web page,but shes had to back out.)back some one up,表示支持某人。 (Im sure Anita would back me up if she was here.)固定短语at th