传统文化与翻译2CultureTranslation

1、传统文化与翻译2CultureTranslation4.2 Collectivism vs. Individualism4.2.1 Individualism 1)the habit or principle of being independent of self-reliant; 2)a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control. The New Oxford Dictionary of English Individualism: 1. feeling

2、 or behaviour of a person who likes to do things his / her own way, regardless of what other people do. 2. theory that favours free action and complete liberty of belief for each individual person ( contrasted with the theory that favours the supremacy of the state ) Individual rights and obligation

3、s come first. There is a strong emphasis on individual merits and competition, which is communicated in proverb, “ The early bird gets the worm. Individualism is expressed in values about the importance of doing your best, reward for individual achievement and the chance of success, and the importan

4、ce of solving problems yourself, not waiting for others to do it for you.个人主义: 一切从个人出发,把个人利益放在集体利益之上,只顾自己、不顾别人的错误思想。 ?现代汉语词典? 4.2.2 Collectivism: people have a much stronger value of maintaining harmony and good relations in the group.4.2.3 Historical background The greatest Confucian scholar Dong Z

5、hongshu and 3 cardinal guides and 5 constant virtuesThe share of knowledge and practiceThe unity of Heaven and manThe same level without prominence4.3 Practice:10.卢嘉川“但是，你这些想法和做法，恐怕还是为了你个人吧？ 道静蓦地站了起来：“你说我是个人主义者？ 杨沫：?青春之歌?11.“ 这断子绝孙的阿Q！ 远远地听到小尼姑的带哭的声音。 鲁迅：?阿Q正传?12.“ I know. Dad, she said, “Im a selfi

6、sh pig. Ill think about it (J. Galsworthy: A Modern Comedy)13.宝钗单独行来,顺路进了怡红院不想一入院来,鸦雀无闻。 10 .(Lu Jiachuan) “Are you sure your thoughts and wishes arent determined by personal considerations? he asked. Daojing sprang to her feet. “ Do you mean that Im an egoist?11. “Ah Q, may you die sonless! sounded

7、 the little nuns voice tearfully in the distance. (杨宪益、戴乃迭) 12. A“我知道，爹，她说，“我是头自私自利的猪。我会考虑这个问题的。 汪倜然译?白猿? B“我知道，爸爸，她说，“我是个自私自利的蠢人。我会考虑这件事的。 陈冠商译?白猿? 13. A) Bao-chais route took her past the House of Green Delight The courtyard was silent as she entered it. Not a birds cheep was to be heard. (Hawkes)

8、 B) to her surprise, his courtyard was utterly quiet. (Yang)Chapter 5 The view of Beauty and Translating5.1 Chinese Repetition To achieve the effect of rhyme , the semantic balance or the aesthetic effect. 5.1.1 Set phrases (four-character or six-character idioms) 5.1.2 Reduplications In translating

9、, much attention is paid to the referential meaning but not the repetition in structure. 5.2 Four-character structure 秦孝公据殽函之固，拥雍洲之地，君臣固守，以窥周室，有席卷天下、包举宇内、囊括四海之意、并吞八荒之心 (贾谊：?过秦论? 关关雎鸠,在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。 ?诗经? 1) Kwan kwan go the ospreys, On the islet in the river, The modest, retiring, virtuous, young la

10、dy:- For our prince a good mate she. * Kwan kwan , the calling of the ospreys. Tr. Legge2) “ Fair, fair, cry the ospreys On the island in the river. Lively is this noble lady. Fit bride for our lord. Tr. Arthur Waley3) Merrily the ospreys cry, On the islet in the stream. Gentle and graceful is the g

11、irl, A fit wife for the gentleman. Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang4) By riverside a pair Of water birds are cooing; There is a maiden fair A good young man is wooing. Tr. Xu Yuanchong James Legge： (Chinese: 理雅各; December 20, 1815 November 29, 1897) was a noted Scottish sinologist, a Scottish represent

12、ative of the London Missionary Society in Malacca and Hong Kong (18401873), and first professor of Chinese at Oxford University (18761897). Arthur Waley Sinologist，19 Aug 1889 - 27 June 1966 ) was the great transmitter of the high literary cultures of China and Japan to the English-reading general p

13、ublic; the ambassador from East to West in the first half of the 20th century. He was self-taught, but reached remarkable levels of fluency, even erudition, in both languages. It was a unique achievement, possible (as he himself later noted) only in that time, and unlikely to be repeated. Xu Yuancho

14、ng： In April 18, 1921, was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. His mother, who was well educated and good at painting, had great impact on Xu in his pursue of beauty and aesthetic feeling. His uncle is a translator. When he studied in the best local school Provincial Nanchang II, his English had bee

15、n outstanding. And in 1938 with excellent grades, Xu was admitted to the National Southwest Associated University, Department of Foreign Languages. 5.3 Practice14. 花言巧语 油嘴滑舌 捕风捉影 精疲力竭 随波逐流 水深炽热 咬牙切齿 土崩瓦解 自吹自擂 铜墙铁壁15.此时鲁小姐卸了浓装,换几件雅淡衣服,遽公孙举目细看,真有沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌。 吴敬梓：?儒林外史?16.谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。17.花园里面是人间的乐园，有的

16、是吃不完的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。 周而复：?上海的朝晨?15. By this time Miss Lu had changed out of her ceremonial dress into an ordinary gown, and then Ju looked at her closely, he saw that her beauty would put the flowers to shame.16.Who knows that every grain in the bowl Is the fruit of so much pain and toil?17.

17、 The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent. 董永与七仙女民间传说 董永自幼家贫，父亲死后无钱下葬，只好到富户家为奴，卖身葬父。玉皇大帝的小女儿七仙女爱董永老实孝顺，私自来到凡间secular world)，请土地为媒，在老槐树(locust)下与董永结为夫妻，两人一同偿债。因七仙女一夜之间织锦10匹(bolt)，所以董永的三年佣期改为百日。百日期满，夫妻双双正要回家，不料，七仙女私自下凡一事被玉

18、皇大帝得悉，就派天庭神将敇令(make an edict)七仙女返回天宫。七仙女担忧董永受害，只得与董永在老槐树下洒泪相别，随天将归天而去。 董永自幼家贫，父亲死后无钱下葬，只好到富户家为奴，卖身葬父。玉皇大帝的小女儿七仙女爱董永老实孝顺，私自来到凡间secular world)，请土地为媒，在老槐树(locust)下与董永结为夫妻，两人一同偿债。 Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy ( a folklore) Dong Yongs family was poor when he was a small child. When his father died, he

19、 was willing to sell himself into slavery for a little money for the funeral. Moved by his filial piety, the youngest daughter of the Emperor of Heaven secretly came to the secular world. With the soil as their matchmaker, they held a wedding under an old locust tree. 两人一同偿债。因七仙女一夜之间织锦10匹(bolt)，所以董永

20、的三年佣期改为百日。 In order to repay the debt, the couple returned to the master to work as slaves. Since the fairy could weave ten bolts of fine silk overnight, the master cut down Dong Yongs hire period from three years to one hundred days. 百日期满，夫妻双双正要回家,不料，七仙女私自下凡一事被玉皇大帝得悉，就派天庭神将敇令(make an edict)七仙女返回天宫。

21、七仙女担忧董永受害，只得与董永在老槐树下洒泪相别，随天将归天而去。 On the expiration, the couple were returning home when the God of Heaven made an edict that the fairy should go back to the heavenly palace. Shedding tears, the fairy had to part with Dong Yong under the old locust tree. She flew into the sky and vanished. Chapter 6

22、 Humility & Translating Humility / modesty as a virtue6.1 Chinese prefixes indicating respect & humility 6.2 Formulaic Expressions 6.3 Pragmatic conflict & cultural shock6.4 Practice18.匡超人听了这话,慌忙作揖,磕下头去,说道:“晚生 真乃有眼不识泰山。 -?儒林外史?19.“恕老衲眼拙，娘子是不是 -?一江春水向东流?20.今天饭菜不好，请多包涵。来，先干一杯。21.水平有限，书中错误或不妥之处在所难免，敬请读

23、者批评指正。7.Confucianism & Translating 7.1 Confucius(551479 B.C.), the founder of Confucianism Tomb of Confucius in Kong Lin cemetery The Dacheng Hall, the main hall of the Temple of Confucius 三孔 汉高祖刘邦以太牢之礼祭孔子墓并封孔子九世孙世为奉祀君，代表国家祭祀孔子。后历代不断加封，至宋代封为衍圣公。明洪武十年建立独立的衍圣公府。现有楼、厅、堂480余间，前为官衙，后为内宅。府内存有著名的孔档案和大量文物。

24、22 子曰: “吾十有五而立志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩。A The master said: “ At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I know the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could fo

25、llow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right. ( James Legge 18141897 )B) The Master said: “ At fifteen, I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I had planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered from perplexities. At fifty, I knew what were the biddings o

26、f Heaven. At sixty, I heard them with docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart; for what I desired no longer overstepped the boundaries of right. ( Arthur Waley 1889-1966)C) Confucius said: “ At fifteen, I made up my mind to study; at thirty, I was established; at forty, I

27、 was no longer perplexed; at fifty, I understood the will of Heaven; at sixty, I listened to everything without feeling unhappy; at seventy, I followed all my desires and none of them was against the norms. ( Ding Wangdao 1924-) 7.2 Humanity and 8 virtues 义、礼、智、信、忠、恕、孝、悌 The Analects Humanitarianism

28、 & equality Morality Education & knowledge Others7.3.1 Humanitarianism & Equality23) “性相近也;习相远也。 A) By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart. (by Legge) B) By nature near together, by practice far apart. (by Waley) C) By nature men are pretty alike, but learning and pr

29、actice set them apart. (by Ding ) 24) “己所不欲，勿施于人。 A) What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others. (by Legge) B) Do as you would be done by. (by Walley) C) Not to impose on others what one does not desire oneself. (by Ding)25) “ 夫仁者， 己欲立而立人，己欲达而达 人。 A) To help others to stand up when o

30、ne wants to stand up oneself, and help others to understand things when one wants to understand things oneself.(2001) ( by Ding)B) A humane person is one who helps others to be established when he wishes to be established himself, and helps others to be successful when he wishes to be successful him

31、self. (1999) (by Ding) 26) “ 志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀生以成 仁。 A) The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not seek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete. (by Legge)AB) A man with lofty ideals or a humane man never gives u

32、p humanity to save his life, but may sacrifice his life to achieve humanity. (by Waly) C) A determined or humane man never gives up humanity to save his life, but he may sacrifice his life to realize humanity. (by Ding)7.3.2 Morality27) 道听而途说，德之弃也。 A) To tell, as we go along, what we have heard on t

33、he way, is to cast away our virtue. (by Legge) B) To tell in the lane what you have heard on the highroad is to throw merit away. ( by Arthur Waley) 28) 德不孤，必有邻。 A) Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbours. ( by Legge) B) Moral force never dwells in solitude; it wi

34、ll always bring neighbors. ( by Arthur Waley) 29). 巧言令色，鲜矣仁。 A) The Master said, “Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue. ( by Legge) B) Clever talk and a pretentious mare are seldom found in the Good. ( by Arthur Waley) C) Tricky talk and pretentious manner

35、are seldom compatible with the benevolent. 30) 富与贵，是人之所欲也，不以其道得之不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也，不以其道得之不去也。 Wealth and high position are desired by all men, but I would not have them if they were not won in the right way. Poverty and low position are hated by all men, but I would not leave them if they could not be r

36、id of in the right way.7.3.3 Education & knowledge 31) 有教无类。 32) 学而不思那么罔，思而不学那么殆。33)温故而知新，可以为师矣。34)知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。 7.3.4 Some other aspects35.智者乐水，仁者乐山；智者动，仁者静；智者乐，仁者寿。 The wise enjoy water, while the benevolent prefer mountains; the wise are active and the benevolent placid; the wise are happy and

37、 the benevolent long lived. The wise man delights in water, the Good man delights in mountain. (Arthur Waley)36.学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎。 A) Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Is he n

38、ot a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him? ( Legge)B) Isnt it a pleasure to have a frequent use of what is learned? How happy we are to have friends from afar, and isnt it gentlemanly to be unperturbed when not appreciated? C) Is it not a pleasure to learn and practise from time to time what is learned? Is it