icao专业知识机场里有两条平行跑道andthe

1、1. 尾流 Wake TurbulenceThcture showst there are 2 parallel runwayshe airport 机场里有两条平行跑道 and thedistance betn the 2 runways is lessn 760m 两条跑道间的距离小于 760 米. An aircraft istaking o后 vortirom one runway. 一架飞机正从跑道上起飞 Nearly after the roion po, 在抬轮点之are generated from its wingtips.从飞机翼尖处产生涡流 The left vortex

2、 roesclockwise 左侧涡流顺时针旋转 and the right vortex ro转.I think the aircraft is a heavy aircraft because ies counter-clockwise 右侧涡流逆时针旋s 4 engines. 飞机有四发所以我认为是重型机 The wake turbulence must be very strong 尾流肯定很强 and may affect operations of following aircrafts on the other parallel RWY.有可能影响到另一条平行跑道上后面飞机的运行

3、 Its the towers responsibility to ensure enough separation bet n each aircrafts.塔台有责任确保每架飞机间的充分间隔2. 山区小飞机撞卡车This accidens happened in mountainous area. 事故发生在山区In this picture, I can see a single enginepropeller airplane diving toward/crashingo a truck on the road. 图中可以看到一架单引擎螺旋桨飞机正撞向小的卡车 Two men are

4、 escafrom the truck when the plane almost hit them.飞机快撞上卡车时卡车上的两人正从车上逃离 They are very lucky. 他们真是命大耶reason事故原因 As we knowountainous area, mountain wave often occurs.知道在山区，经常产生山lly to light aircrafts.这种变化地波 The changeable current sometimes grey affects aircraft performance, espe的气流有时会严重影响飞机性能，尤其是对小型飞

5、机 I guess when the airplanehcture is about to land ina mountain highway, it encounters strong crosswind and is out of control. 我猜当图中飞机在准备在山区公着陆时，遭遇了强侧风并失去了控制。Also, this accident can be caused by crew incapaciion, engine failure, fuel exhaustion, etc. 此次事故也可能是机组失能、发失效r 燃油耗尽等原因造成的。3.CB 云 turbulenceThi

6、s picture shows the activity of a tderstorm in its mature stage, 图中显示的是处于成熟期的雷暴的运动 On the top of the CB, there are anvils, CB 云的顶端有云颭downdraft and updraft,roll clouds.下沉气流、上升气流以及翻滚的云The lowart shows there are heavy rain anddowndrafthe storm.在云的下部，风暴有有大雨及下沉气流There are also wind shears andturbulence o

7、n the edge of rainy area, 风暴边缘处有还风切变和颠簸 On the leading edge of themoving storm, there are gust and dust.在移动的风暴的前缘，有阵风和扬尘4.气象/微暴上面一幅图显示机载屏幕The top picture shows an airborne radar display. 屏幕上有 3 种颜色On the display there are 3 colors. 红色指示 CB 区域The red one indicates CB area,黄色指示严重颠簸 the yellow one indi

8、cates severe turbulence, 绿色指示有水汽云，但飞机飞进这些云是安全的and the green one indicates some wet clouds, but they are safe areas for aircraft to flyo.There are2 CBs ahead of the aircraft. 如果图中飞机保持航向飞的话会遭遇到坏天气The aircraft onthis picture will encounter the bad weather if it keeps this heading.并会影响 1-2 海里的区域，尤其是当飞机在

9、低高度遭遇它的时候 The lower下图显示微暴，它十分picture shows microburst, it is very dangerous and may affect areas of 1-2, espellywhen aircraft encounter ithrough the microburst.low altitude. 图中飞机正穿越微爆hcture, an aircraft is flying5.II 着陆拿大顶The aircraft type is Hawk II, an oldlane type used as military battle plane in

10、 World War II.II，是二期用作军事战斗机的老式双翼机型 From the picture, the airplane has飞机机型为nosed over on the ground.图中这家飞机机首着地栽在地上 May soldiers are standing around the airplane and check the aircraft condition.许多士兵站在飞机周围检查飞机情况I think the aircraft structure has been damaged. 我认为飞机结构已经受到了损伤【reason】I think this acciden

11、t was caused by human error.我认为事故是由于认为差错造成的Since this type of aircrafgine is installed on nose, is forward CG.由于这种飞机引擎装在机头，重心靠前 During taxiing or landing roll, if thcause aircraft nose over. 滑行或着陆滑跑时，如果lot apply too much brake, it will easily使用过量刹车，飞机就容易拿大顶 So thepilots flying skill must be very poo

12、r.技术肯定不好.所以6. 发吸入袋I can see an engine on the groundaenance area.我看到在维修区的地面上有台发It似乎seemst the engine has ingested/sucked some foreign matter/foreign objects. 发吸入了外来物The FOD looks like plastic material/ wrapbag and is stuck in engine fans. 外来物看起来像是材料/包装袋,卡在发aircraft and is waiting for repair.因此，发风扇上了

13、So, the engine has been separated from被从飞机上卸下并等待修理。7.飞机撞地面车在图中可以看到在滑行道附近发生一起地面碰撞事故 In this picture I can see a ground collihappened near the taxiway.飞机滑出了滑行道并与一辆地面车相撞 The aircraft skidded off thetaxiway and collided wiground vehicle. 从车的颜色来看我猜那是一辆引导车I guess it is afollow-me car from its color.飞机机型可能

14、是福客 100 我不是它是属于哪家航空公司的 The aircraftmay be a Fukker100 and I dont know which airline it belongs to. 飞机的机头锥已经严重损伤 Theaircraft nose cas seriously damaged.车子几乎损毁了 The car was almost destroyed.我认肯定受伤了 I think the car driver may get injuredhis accident.为事故中的8. 巴士撞 727 飞机This is a ground colliaccident.这是一起

15、地面碰撞事故his picture, a shuttle has collidedwin aircraft.图中一辆班车和飞机相撞了 The aircraft seems to be B727 and belongs to MexicoAirlines.飞机看起来似乎是B727 属于墨西哥航空公司 It is parking in the apron.飞机停在机评上 Itseemst he bus nose has struck the right wingtip of the aircraft. 看起来巴士的车头撞到了飞机的右侧翼尖The windshield of the bus has

16、been broken, 巴士的风挡撞碎了the bus door is openand there is nobodyhe bus. 巴士车门开了车里没有人The aircraft rear passenger stairs is putdown, 飞机后客梯已经放下I think the passengers and crews have already disembarked from the plane.我认为乘客都已经下飞机了。9.飞机残骸 1I can see the wreckage of an aircraft on a field. 在旷野上有飞机的残骸I think its

17、 MD11, becauseis No.2 engine installed on its tail section. 我认为这是架MD11 飞机因为机尾上安装一台 2 发The aircrafs been badly destroyed and has brokeno pie.飞机已经严重损毁并碎成多块 Idont know which company the aircraft belongs to. 不知飞机属于哪家航空公司I think after thecrash, the aircraft musve caught fire because I can see burn trace

18、on the fuselage.我认为飞机在坠毁后肯定着火了因为机身上有烧焦的痕迹 Its a terrible disaster. 这是一起可怕的There car is正在寻must be someone die parking.残骸附近有辆 找着什么。10.飞机残骸 2he accident.事故中肯定有人死了 Near the wreckage, a停着 Some rescuenel are searching for sth.一些营救I can see the wreckage of an aircraft near a building. 在一幢建筑附近有飞机的残骸The airc

19、rafthas been badly destroyed and has brokeno two pie.飞机已经严重损毁并断成两截 I thinkafter the crash, the aircraft musve caught fire because I can see burn trace on the fuselage.我认为飞机在坠毁后肯定着火了因为机身上有烧焦的痕迹 So, I dont know the aircraft type andwhich company the aircraft belongs to. 因此我不知飞机是那只机型属于哪家航空公司Its a terri

20、bledisaster. 这是一起可怕的There must be someone die in the accident.事故中肯定有人死了Two men are standing on the roof of the building and near the wreckage, some rescuesare searching for sth.大楼屋顶上站着 2 个人，残骸附近一些营救11.大韩 747 翼根爆洞正在寻找着什么。hcture, I can see a Korean airlines aircraft parking on the apron/r.图中看到一架大韩航空的飞

21、机停在机坪上 Its a B747 cargo plane/freighter, because there is no passenger window on the fuselage. 这是一架 747 货机，因为机身上没有乘客窗There is a big hole above thewing root on the fuselage. 在翼根上方的机身上有个大洞 Some people are standing under theaircraft. 一些人站在飞机下方I think they are investigating this accident.我认为他们站在事故reason

22、I think maybe this hole was caused by FOD strike. 我认为这个大洞可能是外来物撞击造成的Or it was caused by bomb explo, on board oxygen cylinder explo.也可能是由于炸这起Because it is a cargo plane, when carrying some dangerous弹或机载氧气瓶goods/cargo on board, the dangerous cargo explocso damage the aircraft. 由于这是架货机，在12. 飞机擦尾品时，品也会导

23、致对飞机的损坏。This picture is about tail strike. 这是一幅关于飞机擦尾的图From the background, I know theairport locatesn 10 km. 从ountainous area and the weather att time is good. The visibility is more背景看，机场坐落于山区当时天气很好，能见度大于 10km A B777 is taking offfrom a runwayflaps on takeoff setting, but its tail section is touch

24、ing/hitting the ground. 一架 777 正从跑道上起飞【从襟翼设置看出是起飞】但飞机尾部擦到了地面 This may cause seriousdamage to the fuselage and even cause passengers injury.这可能会对飞机机身造成严重损伤甚至乘客受伤 On the right bottom of thcture, I can see another aircraft is waiting for lining upat a holding po. 在右下角，另一架飞机正在等待点等着进跑道reasonAs far as I k

25、now, most tail strike accidents were caused by human errors. 据我所知，大多数擦尾都是由人为造成的Such as, exsive roion input during takeoff, incorrect CGinput in preflight preparation. 比如说起飞时过度拉杆，飞前准备时重心输错Moreover the aircraft may have some sudden mechanical trouble with its control system. 另外由于系统的突发机械故障也会导致擦尾Also, m

26、aybe during takeoff rolling the captain saw debirs on the runway and he wanted toroe earr to avoid colli, but the aircraft was too heavy, so he couldnt pull up theaircraft under this situation.也可能在起飞滑跑时机长看到跑道上有异物，为避免相撞想早点拉杆，但飞机太重了，所以在此情况下拉不动。13.协和飞机着火his picture, a Concord is taking orom a runway. 图

27、中看到一架协和飞机正从跑道上起飞I cansee flame and smoke is coming out from the rear part of the aircraft. 可以看到飞机后部有烟雾和火焰冒出This is a famous accidenppened in July 2000 in Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris.这是发生在00 年7 月机场的一起著名的事故 According to the investigation, the accident wascaused by runway debris.显示事故是由于跑道异物引起的 D

28、uring takeoff roll, the aircraft ranover a piece of metal strip fell orom the engine of a previous DC10. 起飞滑跑时飞机压过了前面一架起飞的DC10 飞机发上掉下的一块金属片The strip punctured the tyre and caused typeburst. 金属片刺穿轮胎导致爆胎The debris from the tyre broke the wingand caused seriousfuel leak. 轮胎碎片打破机翼油箱导致燃油严重泄漏Then the whol

29、e wing was on fire. 随后整个机翼着火ast the Concord crashedo a small honear the airport. 最后协和飞机坠毁撞入了一家机场附近的宾馆All the people on board died. Its a disaster. 机上无人生还，这真是一起14.飞机除冰一架双发飞机停在除冰区，根据机尾国旗颜色判断是俄罗斯飞机。I can seewin engine aircraft is parkingon the de-icing area. According to the flag pa ed on its tail, I k

30、now this is an aircraft from Russian. 周围地面冰雪覆盖天气很冷Heavy ice and snow has built up on the ground. It must be very cold.飞机周围有 2 辆除冰车There are 2 de-icing vehicles near the aircraft.，一工人站在升降梯上手拿工具喷洒除冰液, One staff is standing on the lift, holding a tool and spraying de-icing fluid on the fuselage.另一工人在机尾

31、下方行走，检查是否冰雪完全清除了。Another staff is walking beneath the rear part of the airplane, he is checking ifthe ice or snow has been comple y removed.15. 777系统According to thcture, what would be the result of righnd side system malfunction?If the right system fails, we may lose normal brakes, right reverser a

32、nd part of flight controls. In case of right system failure, the normal brakes, right reverser and part of flight controls may be unusable / unserviceable / out of service / inoperative.We may not be able to use According to thcture, what would be the result of center system malfunction?If both the

33、right and center hydraulic pre., we will lose many flight control systemre system fail, how would it affect your landing?ch as the flaps, the right reverser and thebrakes.So it would be really difficult for us to control the aircraft to land. We will land at high speed, and we will need longer dista

34、nce to stop our aircraft.16. 跳滑梯his picture, I can see a Mock Up ofsenger aircraft.图中可以看到一架客机的仿真模型 Itbelongs to China Eastern.飞机属于东航 Two evacuation slides of the airplane have beeninflated and extended/deployed from the cabin door.飞机的 2 个滑梯已经从舱门中充气并放出A trainee is sitting upright （raising hands over

35、his chest）and escaslide. 一位学员竖直坐着( 双手前举)快速从一根滑梯上滑下 He isdown quickly from oneng emergency evacuationtraining. 他正在做演习It is a helpful training facility of emergency evacuation for the crews.这一训练设施对机组训练紧急很有用. I have eperieced this training for several times17. 四幅特情图Upper left: the aircraft is flying. Theres smoke coming out from the starboard engine. Upper right: I can see