2023版高三一轮总复习英语（人教版）：课时分层作业13

1、PAGE PAGE 14课时分层作业(十三).阅读理解A(2021济南市模拟)Who says inventions are only made by grownups and professionals? Over the years, children have also succeeded in making their useful contributions to the world. Here are a few inventions that came to life from the minds of young children.Hero HelmetSevenyearold

2、 Samuel Meyers invention is aimed at stopping people from riding their bikes or skateboards without using a helmet. The Hero Helmet features an inbuilt remote that controls a lock on the wheels which is unlocked when the helmet is being worn by the rider. Samuel says: no helmet, no bike.Robotic Eart

3、hwormThe first thought that comes to mind is, why a robotic earthworm? Well, tenyearold David Cohen had some useful applications in mind. He believed it could be used to find victims after a flood, earthquake or fire. The robot could get into small and dangerous places where search dogs and humans c

4、ould not go.BE.A.C.O.N.Fifteenyearold Hannah Herbsts invention,which stands for Bringing Electricity Access to Countries through Ocean Energy，was inspired by her pen pal who lives in Ethiopia and did not have access to lights. So she came up with BE.A.C.O. N， which absorbs energy directly from ocean

5、 waves. Her invention won the “Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge” in 2015 and other numerous awards.Portable Wheelchair ControllerAt only eight years old,Amelia Fox created the invention to help lift people in and out of their wheelchair. This invention was not just born out of the de

6、sire to create something. Amelia developed this controller for her brother, who had just got hip surgery and needed the wheelchair to move around.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个由孩子研究出来的有用发明。1Who is the youngest inventor?ASamuel Meyer.BDavid Cohen.CAmelia Fox.DHannah Herbst.A细节理解题。根据Hero Helmet部分的内容可知，7岁的Sa

7、muel Meyer发明了英雄头盔；根据Robotic Earthworm部分的内容可知，10岁的David Cohen发明了蚯蚓机器人；根据B.E.A.C.O.N.部分的内容可知，Hannah Herbst创造发明时15岁；根据Portable Wheelchair Controller部分的内容可知，8岁的Amelia Fox发明了便携式轮椅控制器。故Samuel Meyer是他们四个中年龄最小的发明者，故A项正确。2Which of the following can be used as a rescue tool?AHero Helmet.BB.E.A.C.O.N.CRobotic

8、Earthworm.DPortable Wheelchair Controller.C细节理解题。根据题干关键词a rescue tool定位至Robotic Earthworm部分第三句“He believed it could be used to find victims after a flood，earthquake or fire”可知，蚯蚓机器人可以被用来在洪水、地震或火灾后寻找受害者，故C项正确。3Why did Amelia Fox create the invention?ATo give her brother assistance.BTo benefit the ear

9、thquake victims.CTo generate electricity effectively.DTo protect bike riders from injuries.A细节理解题。根据题干关键词Amelia Fox定位至Portable Wheelchair Controller部分尾句“Amelia developed this controller for her brother，who had just got hip surgery and needed the wheelchair to move around.”可知，Amelia为她的弟弟发明了这个控制器，她的弟弟

10、刚刚做了髋关节手术，需要轮椅来移动。故A项正确。B(2021沈阳市质量监测)Fauja Singh,110，who broke marathon records and was called the “Superman” before hanging up his running shoes seven years ago，will be the subject of a Bollywood film，Fauja，tracing his remarkable career.Mr.Singh，born in India in 1911，was a keen amateur runner in h

11、is youth，but gave it up halfway.Getting over a series of personal tragedies including the deaths of his wife and two of his children，he returned to his former passion in his eighties.He moved to the UK soon after and now lives in Ilford，east London.He arrived for his first training session in Redbri

12、dge in a threepiece suit，and his first race was the London marathon in 2000.Three years later in Toronto，he broke the world record for the 90plus.In the early 2011，when he turned 100，Mr.Singh set eight world records in a day.He ran the 100m in 23.14s，then added the 200m, 400m,800m,1,500m，the mile，th

13、e 3,000m and 5,000m world records.Three of the events had never been attempted by anyone over the age of 100 before.Days later，he became the first centenarian(百岁老人)to complete a marathon，again in Toronto，with a time of 8：11：06.Mr.Singh retired from competitive running in 2013 but continued jogging f

14、or pleasure.He owed his extraordinary longevity to a vegetarian diet and avoiding smoking，alcohol and fried food.Of marathon running he has said, “The first 20 miles are not difficult.As for the last six miles，I keep talking to myself, Keep it up，old boy！”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位110岁老人Fauja Singh非凡的经历

15、。他100岁时曾在一天之内创下8项世界纪录，被称为“超人”；宝莱坞将以他为主题拍摄电影Fauja，记述他不同寻常的生涯。4Which title is suitable for the text?AFauja Singh turns 110 this yearBA professional runnerCFauja Singh hangs up his shoesDA centenarian runnerD标题归纳题。本文主要讲了110岁的Fauja Singh的非凡经历，故选项D适合作本文标题。5What do you know about Fauja Singh?AHe lost his

16、running shoes in 2013.BHe starred in the Indian film，Fauja.CHe set nine world records in 2011.DHe got stuck in the personal tragedies.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the early 2011, when he turned 100, Mr.Singh set eight world records in a day”以及“Days later, he became the first centenarian to complete a marathon”

17、可知，他在2011年共打破九项世界纪录。故选C项。6Whats the third paragraph mainly about?AMr.Singhs race achievements.BMr.Singhs practice in the UK.CMr.Singhs training experience.DMr.Singhs attempts at sports.A段落大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，Mr. Singh在2000年参加伦敦马拉松。三年后他在多伦多打破了90岁以上(跑马拉松的)世界纪录，又在2011年打破九项世界纪录。故本段主要是讲述了Mr. Singh取得的比赛成就。7Wha

18、t contributes to Mr.Singhs long life?AHis healthy lifestyle.BSmoking and drinking.CCompetitive running.DHis passion for marathon.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He owed his extraordinary longevity to a vegetarian diet and avoiding smoking, alcohol and fried food.”可知，Mr. Singh认为他的健康生活方式是他长寿的原因。C(2021福州市质量检测)The Maya

19、city of Tikal is famous for its amazing palaces and temples. But something far more ordinary kept Tikal functioning：its waterpurifying system, the earliest known of its kind.Researchers recently discovered a volcanic mineral that traps microbes (微生物)and heavy metals in Tikals largest reservoir (水库).

20、 Because the material is not found nearby, the findings suggest the presence of a manmade waterpurifying device.The findings deny the longstanding idea that technological achievements of the ancient worlds belonged to the Eastern world, like Egypt, and China. The leading scientist of this research,

21、Kenneth Tankersley says, “When talking about purifying water, the Maya were thousands of years ahead.”Located in the forests of Central America, Tikal, is thought to have been home to more than 45,000 people. They had to struggle against a dry season lasting from November to April.Storing water in r

22、eservoirs was a solution, but that water had to be fit to drink, said Kenneth. “Keeping water clean was of great importance.”A few years ago, the researchers were surprised to find that the largest reservoir, Corriental, had significantly fewer harmful chemicals than the others. “The water quality a

23、t Corriental was much higher.”Somehow the Maya must have been purifying Corrientals water, the team assumed. “The Maya used gardens as their bathrooms，” Kenneth said. “The water coming into the reservoir would not have been very clean.”At the bottom of Corriental, scientists found four separate laye

24、rs, each a few centimeters thick, of millimeterscale zeolites (沸石). This type of volcanic mineral can purify water and is still in widespread use today, Kenneth says. “Just about everything we drink, from bottled water to wine, runs through a zeolite purifying device.”The Maya wouldnt have known abo

25、ut the zeolite in rock，but they would have recognized the purifying effects, the researchers suggested. A zeoliterich rock formation about 30 kilometers northeast of Tikal is the likely source of the material in Corriental, the team said last month in Scientific Reports. Water at this site “was clea

26、r and tasted good”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了玛雅的蒂卡尔市的人工净水系统。8What did the researchers find?AA new material called zeolites.BThe purifying effects of zeolites.CAn old waterpurifying system.DHighquality water in Corriental.C细节理解题。根据题干中的researchers定位至文章第二段中的“the findings suggest the presence of a manmade wate

27、rpurifying device”，由此可知，研究人员发现了古老的人工净水设备，故选C。9How did the Maya purify water?ABy building the largest reservoir.BBy using gardens as their bathrooms.CBy getting rid of heavy metals.DBy spreading four layers of zeolites.D细节理解题。根据题干中的the Maya purify water定位至文章第七段中的“four separate layers，each a few centi

28、meters thick，of millimeterscale zeolites.This type of volcanic mineral can purify water”，由此可知，玛雅人净化水的方法是分布四层沸石，故选D。10What can we learn from the research?AThe Maya drank bottled water.BThe ancient Maya were very bright.CThe system was created by accident.DThe zeolites were found in Corriental.B推理判断题。

29、根据文章第三段中的“When talking about purifying water，the Maya were thousands of years ahead.”可知，数千年前玛雅人就开始净化水了，由此可推知玛雅人非常聪明，故选B。11According to Kenneth， .Athe original water in Corriental was not clean enoughBwater supply in Tikal lasted from November to AprilCall ancient technological achievements belonged

30、to the EastDthe Maya had a good understanding of the zeolite in rocksA细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“The Maya used gardens as their bathrooms”以及“The water coming into the reservoir would not have been very clean.”可知，Corriental原来的水并不是很干净。D(2021八省联考)Put five, eight, twelve or more people together in a room，and its a

31、 game of luck as to how well theyll function as a team.The larger the group is, the more difficult it becomes. Its a lot like dining out with a bunch of friends. Where to go? Italian？Vegetarian? Steakhouse? Each person has their own appetite，which can make creating a “shared interest” extremely chal

32、lenging.A shared interest is the lifeblood of teams, and only the most successful companies know how to foster it. But how?“Project Aristotle”，an experiment led by Abeer Dubey, a manager in a famous companys People Analytics division, was conducted in 2012 to discover how to build the “perfect team”

33、After years of analyzing data and interviews from more than 180 teams across the company, the company found that the individual personalities in a team are not so relevant.“We had lots of data, but there was nothing showing that a mix of specific personality types or skills or backgrounds made any d

34、ifference. The who part of the equation didnt seem to matter，”Dubey said in an interview with The New York Times.Instead, the researchers found that there were five key characteristics of enhanced teams：Psychological safety：Everyone feels safe in taking risks，and they wont be embarrassed or punished

35、 for doing so.Dependability：Everyone completes quality work on time.Structure and clarity: Everyone knows what their specific expectations are. These expectations must be challenging yet attainable.Meaning：Everyone has a sense of purpose in their work, for example, supporting family.Impact：Everyone

36、sees that the result of their work actually contributes to the organizations overall goals.While the companys findings may be true to some extent, a large number of scientific studies have caused researchers outside of the companys lab to shockingly disagree. Tomas ChamorroPremuzic, a professor of b

37、usiness psychology at Columbia University and author of the book Why Do So Many Incompetent Men Become Leaders？：(And How to Fix It) and psychologist Dave Winsborough are among them. They both claim that personality, in particular, heavily affects the role of an individual within a team and is indeed

38、 a significant factor in what makes a team successful.Researchers found that the poorestperforming teams were 100 percent “pragmatic” (讲求实效的) and had 0 percent “relationshipbuilding”traits. “Too often, organizations focus merely on the functional role and hope that good team performance somehow foll

39、ows，”ChamorroPremuzic and Winsborough cowrote in a Harvard Business Review article. “This is why even the most expensive professional sports teams often fail to perform well according to the individual talents of each player: There is no psychological synergy (协同作用). A more effective approach focuse

40、s as much on peoples personalities as on their skills.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了“亚里士多德”项目的研究人员与其他研究人员在如何建立“完美团队”方面所持的两种观点：成员的个性与“完美团队”关系不大；成员的个性是团队成功的一个重要因素。12Why does the author mention the example of “dining out”？ATo emphasize the challenges of creating a common interest.BTo cater for the different tas

41、tes of people from all walks of life.CTo stress the importance of different individuals in teams.DTo get more different people involved in building a team.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Its a lot like dining out.Each person has their own appetite，which can make creating ashared interest extremely challenging.”可知，作者

42、提及和一群朋友出去吃饭，由于众口难调，所以很难进行，据此说明，每个人都有自己的喜好，这使得创造“共同利益”极具挑战性。故A项正确。13What might be the least deciding factor of a perfect team according to the famous companys lab?ADependability.BA sense of purpose.CPsychological safety.DIndividual personalities.D细节理解题。根据第三段尾句可知，在对公司180多个团队的数据和访谈进行多年分析后，该公司发现，团队中的个人性

43、格与构建完美团队并没有那么相关。故D项正确。14According to the last paragraph, why do the most expensive professional sports teams fail to perform?ABecause they care more about the result.BBecause they are not talented enough.CBecause they lack relationship building.DBecause they are vague about their roles.C细节理解题。根据尾段第一

44、句可知，研究人员发现，表现最差的团队100%“务实”，有0%的“建立关系”特征。根据尾段倒数第二句可知，这就是为什么即使是最昂贵的专业运动队在根据每个运动员的个人天赋来运转时通常也表现不佳：没有心理协同作用。据此可知，C项正确。15How is the passage mainly developed?ABy making basic assumptions.BBy giving a lot of detailed examples.CBy analyzing causes and effects.DBy presenting contradictory findings.B推理判断题。通读文

45、章第一段可知，作者以朋友一起出去吃饭为例，说明每个人都有自己的喜好，这使得创造“共同利益”极具挑战性；接着文章表述“亚里士多德项目”发现团队中的个人性格与构建完美团队并没有那么相关；而后又列举两个研究人员及“最昂贵的专业运动队”的例子来说明在团队建设中人们个性的作用，据此可知，本文是以“举例法”来展开说明的，故B项正确。.阅读七选五(2021河北省九校联考)Weve long been taught that helping others helps ourselves.As Charles Dickens wrote, “No one is useless in this world who

46、 lightens the burdens of another.”Science has shown that unselfish behaviors actually do improve our health. 1 It can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment (认知障碍)It can even help us live longer. 2 A 2017 study found pain sufferers who volunteered reported decreased pain along with an improved sens

47、e of purpose.A new series of studies may have found one reason.Regions of the brain that react to painful stimulation seem to instantly disappear by the experience of giving.In another study，the researchers employed cancer patients living with pain and asked them to cook and clean for themselves or

48、for the benefit of others at their treatment center. 3 When they did the work for their own personal benefit，the painrelieving effect was reduced by over 62%.In addition，the study found it was the meaning people gave to their good deeds that predicted how much pain the brain would perceive.Researche

49、rs believe medicine should consider using unselfish behavior to “supplement current therapies to treat pain” 4 A reduced sense of pain combined with feelgood chemicalsit seems our brains reward us for helping others even when were not expecting anything in return. 5 It is a good way to improve your

50、health and others.AIt is true for volunteers.BHelping others helps ourselves.CHowever，more research is needed about the idea.DIt also appears that giving can help us cope with pain.EWhen they were helping others，their pain levels dropped.FVolunteering，for example，has been shown to reduce stress and

51、improve depression.GSounds like a great reason to put volunteering and other giving behaviors on your todo list.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过列举科研发现，说明帮助别人也会给自己带来很多好处，诸如可以改善健康、减少压力、改善抑郁、减轻疼痛等。1F考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句“科学表明无私的行为确实能改善我们的健康”和空后一句“它可以减少认知障碍的风险”可知，空处应该会讲到某一种具体的无私行为及它带来的好处，故F项符合语境。2D考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲了2017年的一项研究发

52、现做志愿活动的疼痛患者报告说疼痛减轻了，目标感也提高了，并介绍了这种现象背后的一种原因，即“by the experience of giving”，所以D项适合作本段的主旨句。3E考查上下文衔接。空前一句提到研究者让遭受疼痛的癌症患者为自己或为治疗中心的其他人做饭和打扫卫生，而空后一句讲了“当他们为了个人利益做这项工作时，其止痛效果降低了62%以上”，因此空处讲的应该是他们帮助别人时的情况，所以E项符合语境。4C考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲“研究者认为医学应该考虑使用无私行为来补充现有的疗法以治疗疼痛”，再结合选项可知，C项中的“the idea”指代的就是这一看法，故C项符合语境。5G考查上

53、下文衔接。根据空后一句“它是改善你和其他人的健康的一个好途径”，并结合文章主旨“帮助别人就是帮助自己”可知，G项符合语境。.完形填空(2021青岛市统一模拟检测)A mother of three in Cowdenbeath, Scotland, was awarded for what she did in the middle of a snowstorm last week.Charlene Leslie was 1 for a local shop for some food with her two kids when she spotted a truck full of mil

54、k 2 to summit (攀登)a hill in the high street. “Its front wheels were spinning (旋转)on the 3 road, and it was stuck from all the snow. My neighbor appeared, so I asked her to 4 the kids while I pushed it from the back. 5 ， it got safely to the top，” Charlene recalled.Then her good deed 6 . After the vi

55、deo of Charlene pushing the truck up a hill 7 the Internet, the 8 viewers nicknamed her “Wonder Woman”. Grahams The Family Dairy, the owner of the delivery truck, also 9 her heroic acts.“The ladys 10 was incredibly kind. What a 11 she was to our company! As a heartfelt thank you, Charlene and her fa

56、mily will receive a years 12 of free milk，” the chairman of the company told a local newspaper.“I simply believe that it is your 13 to help others if they are in trouble. I really didnt help out to get anything 14 ，but I am absolutely delighted at their generous 15 .” the mother laughed.【语篇解读】本文讲述了Charlene Leslie帮助推一辆因