初中英语名词复习课件

1、.第 1 讲:名词我们吃的 food ,喝的 drinks ,穿的 clothes 都.第 1 讲:名词之考点精讲.名词当然是大家都很熟识的了,是名词； It is easy, right 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的,究竟该怎么用呢？First, 名词复数的特殊变化；一般名词的复数我们知道是直接加化不规章；这些小顽皮是：-s 或 -es ,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话,变a. class, box, watch, brush 等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,复数要加-es ；b. story, factory 等以 辅音字母 +y 结尾的词

2、复数要先将-y 变成 -i 再加 -es ；c. knife, wife, life 等以 -f 或-fe 结尾的词一般先将-f 或-fe 变为 -v, 再加 -es ；d. 以-o 结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是 元音字母 +o 的词加 -s ,我们学过的有 radio,zoo；末尾是 辅音字母 +o 的词,变复数加 -es ；如：tomato, hero, potato,当然其中的 piano 和 photo ,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s ；e. child （ children）, foot （feet ）, tooth（teeth ）, mouse （mice ）, man（me

3、n ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规章；留意：与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词, 其复数形式也是-men 和-women；如： an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但 German 不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans ；f. deer ,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形；好记好记；people ,police ,cattle 等词,以单数形式显现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词；the English,the French,the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用；留意：maths

4、,politics,physics 等学科名词 ,虽然以 -s 结尾,仍为不行数名词；仍有 theUnited States 美国）, the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数；别古怪, 名词有时也可以作定语的；它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外；a. man, woman 等作定语时, 它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定；如：men workers , women teachers；b. 数词 + 名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式 ,中间加连字符；如：a ten-mile walk 十里路, two-hundred trees 两百棵树；名词全部格：表示 的 通

5、常是在名词的后面加-s ,如：Childrens day,fathers shoes；但以 -s 结尾的名词由于已经有 s 了,只需加 就 OK 了；假如两个名词并列,并且分别有 s,.就表示 分别有 ；.如：Johns and Marys room（约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间） ；两个名词并列, 只有一个 s ,就表示 共有 ；如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；仍有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of 来帮忙一下,如：a map of China,the end of this term；第 1 讲:名词之名词分类名词可以分为专出名词（ Proper Nouns）和

6、一般名词Common Nouns）,专出名词是某个（些）人,地方,机构等专有的名称,留意这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写；常见的专出名词有：国家名称China, Japan, England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France ；语言 Chinese, Japanese, English, French ；人名 / 地名Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York, Shanghai 由一般名词构成的专出名词the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace of Museum; the Peoples Hospita

7、l ；一般名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如：book ,sadness 等；一般名词又可分为下面四类：（ 1）个体名词 （Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体,如：pen, student, desk, book, bike；（2）集体名词 （Collective Nouns）：表示如干个个体组成的集合体,如：family, class, people, school；（3 ）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物,如：air, water, paper；（4）抽象名词（ Abstract Nouns work, time, new

8、s；）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如：个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来运算,称为可数名词（Countable Nouns）,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目运算,称为不行数名词（Uncountable Nouns）；第 1 讲:名词之名词的格格是名词的语法范畴之一；它是名词和代词的一种变化形式,在句中表示与其它词的关系；在英语中有些名词可以加“s” 来表示全部关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的全部格,如： a teachers book；它有两种不同的形式：在名词尾加 s 和 of+ 名词结构；下面我们来详细看看,名词全部格的使用情形；一、 在名词尾加 s 1、 单数名词词尾加s

9、 ,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加 s ,如 the boys bag 男孩的书包, mens room 男厕所；2、 如名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加 ,如： the workers struggle 工人的斗争,The teachersreading-room教员阅览室3、 名词的全部格形式主要用于人、国家或动物等有生命的东西：Lucys hat, the cats tail, studentsassociation 4、表示时间：a weeks holiday 一周的休假todays paper 今日的报纸tomorrows weather 明天的天气in two years time 两年的

10、时间之内ten minutes break 非常钟休息two hours delay 两小时的耽搁5、表示由人组成的集体名词：delegations visit 代表团的拜访nation s youngsters 我国的青少年governments policy 政府的政策companys directors 公司的董事当前位置：首页 英语语法 中考英语语法 第 1 讲:名词之名词的数第 1 讲:名词之名词的数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式；这和汉语不同,比如,在汉语中,我们说一个苹果,那就是一个苹果,没什么特殊变化；你要说三个苹果,只需把“ 一” 换成“ 三” 就可以了；而在英语中,一个苹果是

11、one apple,三个苹果是three apples,不仅数量词变化了,名词也有相应的变化；下面我们就将名词变复数的规章分为规章变化和不规章变化；第一部分：规章变化情形 构成法 读音 例词 一般情形（包括以 e 结尾的名词）加-s -s 在清辅音 后读 Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces 在浊辅音和元音后读 在辅音后读 口诀：清清浊浊元浊 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 加-es 在后读 Classes, boxes, watches, brushes 以辅音+y 结尾 变 y 为 i,加 es 读 Cities, countries

12、, studies 以元音 +y 结尾 加-s 读 Boys, rays, days 有人仍把以下两个加入了名词有规章变复数的行列 : 情形 构成法 读音 例词 以 o 结尾 加-es 读 Heroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes 加-s 读 Bamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos 以 f, fe 结尾 变 f, fe 为 v,再加 -es 读Leaf-leaves Life-lives Wife-wives Thief-thieves Half-halves Knife-knives Wolf-wolves Self-selv

13、es Loaf-loaves 加 -s 读 Roofs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, gulfs 我们常常会看到有些名词变复数时并没有遵循上述规章；这就是名词的不规章变化； 仍有一些名词, 单复数是同一个形式的；不过,我们仍是可以通过一些比较,发觉其中的一些奥妙；以下我将为大家讲讲名词的不规章变化；一、有些名词中储存了英语中古旧的复数形式,如：man-men woman-women tooth-teeth foot-feet child-children goose-geese mouse-mice ox-oxen 二、有些是外来词,仍保有原先的复数形式,如：Phenom

14、enon-phenomena（现象）Formula-formulae（公式）Thesis-theses（论文）Basis-bases （基础）Analysis-analyses（分析）Criterion-criteria（标准）Crisis-crises（危机）Appendix-appendices（附录）三、部分单词的复数形式不变；例： fish fish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; salmonsalmon, means means 四、 compound nouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示fathers-in-law岳例： daugh

15、ter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇 ; father-in-law父man-of-warmen-of-war 兵舰 ; maid-servantmaid-servants step-son step-sons 晚子 ; son-in-lawsons-in-law. 但是,也有些合成名词, 特殊是由 man 和 woman全都要变为复数,如：构成的合成名词, 里面所含的成分,Man-servantmen-servants,woman doctorwomen doctors等五、有些名词常常是带着-s 词尾的,但通常都作单数看待,如：Phonetics （语音学） ,phy

16、sics （物理学） ,optics （光学） ,politics （政治） ,news（新闻）等；六、另一些名词就以复数词显现的机会较多例：bellows风箱 ; clothes; police; shorts短裤 ; scissors 剪刀 ; spectacles眼镜 ; shears大剪刀, trousers长裤, wages 工资, belongings全部物, surroundings环境, savings储蓄, findings调查结果, arms 武器, clothes衣服, stairs 楼梯,等七、另外仍有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特殊意思,例： goods 货物, w

17、aters 水域, fishes （各种）鱼, papers 文件,证件, greens 青菜, manners 礼貌, ruins 废墟, troops 军队, looks 外貌, times 时代,等第三部分：不行数名词的计量方法（1）一般用“ 数字 +of+ 计量单位 + 名词” 表示,（留意：当数字大于一时,表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式）；如：a piece of news 一就新闻 a piece of meat 一块肉 a glass of wine 一杯酒 two bowls of rice 两碗米 a sum of money 一笔钱 five bags of flour

18、一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice 两条建议（2）用 much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+ 不行数名词练习题：1、 All the people at the conference are _. a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher b. mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers C 2、All the _ in the h

19、ospital got a rise last month. a. women doctors c. woman doctors b. women doctor d. woman doctor a 3、-Are there any _ on the farm. -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep D 4、- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ . - Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles o

20、f water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters B 5、Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear B 6、There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears B 7、The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths C 8、We nee

21、d some more_. Can you go and get some, please. A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe C 9、Please remember to give the horse some tree_. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave B 10 、 He gave us_ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice B 11 、 Please pass me _. A.

22、two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water C 12 、 There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples B 13 、 This table is made of _. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass D 1

23、4 、 _ can get a better view of the game than the participants. A. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons B 15 、 Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs C 16 、 Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us. A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C.

24、 some good piece of news D. some piece of good news B 17 、 Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident. A. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life B 18 、 In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here. A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many A 1

25、9 、 The police investigated those _ about the accident. A. stander-by C. standers-by B. stander-bys D. standers-bys B 20 、 Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday. A. little B. much C. a large number of D. a large amount of C 第 1 讲:名词之考点精练【实例解析】1.These _ have saved many ch

26、ildrens lives. 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持A. woman doctors B. women doctor woman C. women doctors D. woman doctor 答案： C；该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化；数的一样；2.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Anne s and Jane s C. Anne s and Jane D. Anne and Janes 答案：D；该题考查的是并列名词的全部格；两人共有一个房间时,只在后面的名词后加s

27、；3.-Are there any _ on the farm. -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 从谓语动词来判定,主语应当是复数名词；答案：D；该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式；只有 sheep 可用作复数名词；4.-What would you like to drink, _ or orange. -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 答案： C；该题考查的是名词的类别；三种东西中只有 tea 能喝；【中考演练】一. 单项填空1- Where have

28、you been, Tim. - I ve been to _. A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henry s 2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner 3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ . A. three

29、times B. a third time C. the third time D. once 4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ . - Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 6Ther

30、e is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears D. full name 7In England, the last name is the _ . A. family name B. middle C. given name 8The are going to fly _ to Beijing. A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans 9The_ has two _ . A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D.

31、boys; watch 10 The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 11 What s your _ for being late again. A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news 12 - It s dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. - But I think we should let _ go out first. A. woman and children B. women and child C.

32、 woman and child D. women and children 13 - You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign - Thanks. A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING “ _ ” on the door of his shop. 14 Are they going to have a picnic on _ . A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day 15 Where

33、 are the students. Are they in _ . A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room 二. 依据以下句子的情形及所给汉语注释,写出所缺单词；1. We ve got a lot of new _ 杂志 in our school library. 2. Please turn to another _（频道） , I don t like this show. 3. Yesterday the _航班 to London was put off because of the bad weather.

34、 .4. Autumn is my favourite 季节 5. -How many _ 小刀 do you have. -Three. 6. _ are widely used in the modern world. 7. June 1st is _ 儿童 Day. 8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _地址 so that I can write to you. 9. -Does this piece of _音乐 sound nice. s say “Thanks ”to them -Yes. Its wonderful. 10. M

35、ay 12th is the International _护士 Day. Let for their work. 三. 依据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词；1. “ What s your n_. ”“ Li Lei. ”2. How many d_ does your uncle have. 3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside. 4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_. 5. A computer is one of the greatest i_

36、 in the world. 6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living. 8. It s only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air. 9. Health is more important to me than m_. 10. Be careful. Its d

37、_ to run across the street now. 【练习答案】一 1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 二 1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6. Computers 7. Childrens 8. address 9. music 10. Nurses三 1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5. inventions 6.parents 7. age 8. hou

38、rs 9. money 10. dangerous 1. Our school held an activity called Recommend Books to You Teachers. The students made a_of 1, 000 books. A. note B. line C. menu D. list 2-Whats your favorite drink. -_. A Meat B Milk C Pear D Sugar 3. -Whats the matter with you. -I have _ A a cold B a good time Cclasses

39、 D sports 4All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th own holiday. A man B. men C. woman D. women 5. - Oh. There isnt enough _ for us in the bus. - No hurry. Lets wait for the next. A. place B. land C. room D. floor ,because it was their 6. - You like surfing the net. Do you know what WWW me

40、ans. - Yes. It means _. A. Whole World Warm B. World Wide Web C. Whole World Weather D. Wide World Work 7. - How can I tell one tree from another. - You can mostly tell them by the_ of their leaves. A. shape B. size C. age D. color 8. They got much_on the Internet . A. photo B. ideas C. message D. i

41、nformation 9.-Whats the meaning of NBA. -It means _. A不明飞行物 B. 英国广播公司 C美国 全国篮球协会 D联合国 10.-Would you like some _. -No, thank you. Im not hungry at all. A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee 11 _ it was yesterday because of the storm. A What bad weather B. What a bad weather CHow bad a weather D. How bad

42、 weather 12. -I dont know how to use this machine. -It doesnt matter. Here is the _. A.instruction B.direction C.information D.advertisement 13. How soon shall we start the bicycle trip. - _. A. In five days time B. In five days time C. In five days time D. For five days 14. -You didnt send me an e-

43、mail last night, did you. -Sorry. My _ broke down. I couldnt get online. A. computer B. car C. clock D. camera 15.Mr .Smith always has _ to tell us. A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of newes D.s ome piece of good newes 16. -Would you like something to drink.

44、 -_, please. A. tea B. fruit C. bread D. meat 17. Can you see nine_in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse 18. Dont you think Dalian is one of the most beautiful_in China. A. cities B. city C. place D. towns 19. More than two_years ago, people knew little about the universe. A. thousands B.

45、thousand C. thousand of D. thousands of 20. Henry runs fast. He won the_8000-metre race yesterday. A. boys B. boys C. boy D. boys 答案：1-5 DBADC 6-10 BADCC 11-15 AABAA 16-20 AAABA 第 1 讲:名词之真题重现（2022 湖南省娄底市 6. 1 ）-Its said that you have moved into a new house. -Yeah , and we need to buy some_in the mal

46、l nearby. A. food B.furniture C. hamburger. 【答案】 B 2022. 四川省内江市 26. 1-Well,you look so happy. -Because I got a good _. A.work B.news C.job 【答案】 C 2022 江苏省宿迁市 15. 1Sandy didnt tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a _. A. gift B. call C. surprise D. note 【答案】 C 2022

47、 年上海市 33. 1You can get much_about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C.ticket D.information 【答案】 D 2022 年上海市 51. 1The customers are pleased with the_of the restaurant. A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service 【答案】 D （2022 福建省晋江市, 32 ,1）-Lily has a silk _.Listen,she is singing in the n

48、ext room. - How nice. A. look B. noise C. voice 【答案】 C （2022 江苏省扬州市,one to buy. 12 ,1）-Wow,so many beautiful cars.I dont know which -Anyway ,you have to make a_. A.conclusion B.connection C.decision D.presentation 【答案】 C （ 2022 吉林省通化市, 38 ,1）We need to come up with a/an_and make a decision at once.

49、A.information B.advice C.idea D.news 【答案】 C （2022 浙江省湖州市,17 ,1）-Would you like some _. -No,thank you.Im not hungry at all. A.water B.books C.clothes D.bread 【答案】 D （2022 山西省,17 ,1）I Iike_ a Iot, and my mother usuaIIy cooks it in different ways. A.fish B.potatoes C.noodIes 【答案】 A 世博会 come to （2022 湖北

50、省荆州市, 25 ,1） -When will the 2022 World Expoa close. -Itll close at the end of _. A September BOctober CNovember DDecember 【答案】 B （2022 湖北省武汉市,35 ,1）-Why are you still waiting in line. -Ive missed my _ . A. place B. order C. turn D. time 【答案】 C （2022 河南省, 27 ,1） It was very hard for me to make a-but

51、J decided to leave my job A suggestion B decision C plan D speech 【答案】 B （2022 湖北省黄冈市,42 ,1）-Good news.We will have a _holiday. -Ive heard of it.But its coming in_. A.three days;three days time B.three days;three days C.three-day;three days D.three days;three-day time 【答案】 C （2022 山东省聊城市,33 ,1）-Why

52、not go to Qingdao on May Day,Jim. -Im afraid its not a good _.I have been there several times. A.way B.place C.advice D.idea 【答案】 D （2022 新疆省阜康市,24 ,1） Mr Black gave us _on how to learn English well. A.an advice B.many advices C.some advice D.some advices 【答案】 C （2022 湖北省黄石市,Opening Ceremony . - _.

53、29 ,1）- With whom did you watch 2022 World Cup A. A friend of mine B. A friend of me C. A friend of my sister D. A friend of you 【答案】 A （2022 湖北省荆门市, 22 ,1 ）Oh, my god. The kids are making too much_ here. I cant do anything. A. sound B. voice C. noise D. footstep 【答案】 C （2022 湖北省黄石市,_ do you like be

54、st . 32 ,1）- You seem to like watching TV very much . Which - Lucky 52. I like Li Yong very much. A. programme B. screen C. progress D. Deseription 【答案】 A （2022 湖北省襄樊市,26 ,1）- Whats your job , Henry. - Im a _ ,I work late . Im very busy when people go out to dimters . A. waiter B. reporter C. teache

55、r D. nurse 【答案】 A （2022 黑龙江省鸡西市,21 ,1 ） How many _can you see in the picture. Only one. A. dog B. sheep C. child 【答案】 B （2022 广西省定西市,-I like swimming. 2, 1）-Whats your_. A. job B. age C.hobby D. number 【答案】 C （2022 广西省定西市,16 ,1）-What would you like,sir. -_ . A. Two pop B. Two bottles pop C. Two bott

56、les of pop D. Two bottle of pop 【答案】 C （2022 山东省莱芜市,17 ,1）I have a _ for breakfast everyday. A hot dog Bcookie C dumpling Dhamburger 【答案】 D （2022 山东省菏泽市, 21 ,1）Please pick up the _. Dont keep it on the floor. A. water B. paper C. books D. bottles 【答案】 B （2022 黑龙江省哈尔滨市,22 ,1）A low-carbon低碳 lifestyle

57、has _ effect on our daily life. People are paying more and more attention to saving _ these days. A. the, energies B. a, energy C. an, energy 【答案】 C 2022 福建三明 22. 1-What a fine day. Shall we go hiking ,Bob. -Id love to.But iss not the right _.I am busy now. A.place B.moment C.weather 【答案】 B （2022 天津

58、市, 31 ,1） If you work hard,youll get good _. A.grades B.notes C.lessons D.answers 【答案】 A （2022 山东省泰安市,27 ,1）-Lucy,do you like _. -Yes.Most of my clothes are _. A.an orange an orange B.orange ,orange C.oranges ,oranges D.orange,an orange 【答案】 B （ 2022 青海省, 宁夏,29 ,1）Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second_ because he has been here for over twenty years. A. family B. house C. room D. home 【答