2023版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit4Sharing课件新人教版选择性必修第四册

1、UNIT 4SHARING核心单词阅读词汇1.parcel n.包裹vt.裹好；打包2.jam n.果酱；堵塞3.secondary adj.中学的；次要的4.clay n.黏土；陶土5.weed n.杂草；野草vt.& vi.除杂草6.chorus n.合唱曲；合唱团vt.合唱；齐声说7.cotton n.棉布；棉花8.tablet n.平板电脑；便笺本；药片9.rubber n.橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶10.washroom n.洗手间；厕所11.rigid adj.死板的；固执的12.bubble vi.起泡；沸腾13.tube n.管子；管状物14.circus n.马戏团15.jaw n.

2、颌；下巴16.wrinkle vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n.皱纹17.forehead n.额；前额18.hut n.简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)19.fireplace n.壁炉20.saucer n.茶碟；杯托21.kettle n.(烧水用的)壶；水壶22.pan n.平底锅；烤盘23.jar n.罐子；坛子24.grill n.烤架；烤肉餐馆25.doorway n.门口；出入口；门道26.cardiac adj.心脏病的；心脏的27.circuit n.巡回；环形线路28.hypothetical adj.假设的；假定的高频词汇1._ n.邮件；信件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮

3、给2._ n.校服；制服adj.一致的；统一的3._ vt.给遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分mailuniformshade4._ n.平台；站台；舞台5._ adj.吃剩的；残留的n.吃剩的食物；遗留物6._ n.握手leftoverhandshakedrag7._ vt.拖；拽vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动platform8._ n.优惠待遇；特权privilege9._ vt.封堵；补足n.堵塞物；插头；插座10._ n.情况；信息；投入；输入vt.输入11._ n.曲调；曲子vt.调音；调节；调频道12._ vt.感染(疾病)；与订立合同(或契约)n.合同；契

4、约pluginputtunecontractgrant13._ vt.同意；准许n.拨款relay14._ vt.转发；转播n.接力赛；接班的人15._ n.标准；准则；原则criterion拓展词汇1.dust n.沙土；灰尘vi.& vt.擦灰_ adj.布满灰尘的dustychemistrychemicalhouse2.chemist n. 化学家；药剂师；药房 _ n. 化学_ adj.化学的n.化学药品ripen3.housing n.住房；住宅_ vt.给房子住；收藏；存放n.房屋；住宅4.ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的_ v.使成熟disabledisabledresign

5、ationresigned5.disability n.缺陷；障碍_ v.使丧失能力；使伤残_ adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的6.resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去_ n.辞职；辞呈；顺从；听任_ adj.屈从的；顺从的7.deserve vt.值得；应得；应受_ adj.应得的；理所当然的；该受的_ adv.正当地；应得地；理所当然地deserveddeservedly8.lately adv.最近；不久前；近来_ adj.最近的；迟的adv.晚；迟_ adv.以后；后来 adj.较晚的；后来的_ adj.最近的；最新的latelaterlatest9.consultation n.咨询

6、；咨询会_ v.请教；商议；查阅_ n.顾问consultconsultant10.stability n.稳定(性)；稳固(性)_ adj.稳定的；牢固的_ adv.稳定地；牢固地stablestably11.pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷_ n.祈祷；祈祷文(续表)prayer联想积累【派生构词】1.stable(blebility)(形容词名词后缀同义名词)able(blebility) 能力possible(blebility) 可能性disable(blebility) 残疾responsible(blebility) 责任2.ripe(去 e)en(形容词动词后缀-en动词)

7、deepen 加深brighten 照亮sharpen 使锋利shorten 缩短【合成构词】washroom(名词 1名词 2新名词)handshake 握手doorway 门口；出入口；门道platform 平台；站台；舞台fireplace 壁炉重点短语1.a chorus _ 齐声；异口同声2.not _ mention 更不用说；且不说3.take _ granted 认为是理所当然；对不予重视oftofortopraydying4.relay _ 转达给；转发给5._ that 但愿6.be _ to do 渴望；急切去做adaptdifferencetoin7._ to 适应；适

8、合8.make a _ to 对产生/有影响9.be relevant _ 与有关10.participate _ 参加精选佳句教材原句1.The other day I _ _ the boys a chemistryexperiment _， before I knew it, the mixture was bubblingout of the test tube spilling everywhere！有一天，我正在给孩子们看一个化学实验，突然混合物从试管里冒出来，溅得到处都是！句式结构wasshowingwhen句式 1：be doing.when.意为“正在做某事时别的事(发生)”

9、教材原句Idoubtwhether2.To be honest, _ _ _ Im makingany difference to these boys lives at all.说实话，我怀疑我是否能改变这些孩子的生活。句式结构句式 2：I doubt whether.意为“我怀疑是否”教材原句ittooktimefor3.Such housing is dark inside so _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 这样的房屋里面是黑暗的，所以我们的眼睛需要时间来适应。句式结构oureyestoadjust句式 3：It takes/took sb.to do sth.意为“花费某人做某事”教

10、材原句Itwasaprivilege4._ _ such _ _ to have spenta day with Tombes family.和汤贝一家人度过了一天，真是荣幸。句式结构句式 4：It is/was a privilege to do sth.意为“做某事是荣幸的”Nowthat教材原句5._ _ I understand how important mymothers work is, Ive decided to become a volunteer myself to helppeople in other lands.既然我知道我母亲的工作有多重要，我决定自己成为一名志愿

11、者，去帮助其他国家的人。句式结构句式 5：now that 意为“由于；既然”，引导原因状语从句课文复现Jo worked at a bush school 1._ classrooms were madeof bamboo and with clay floors and roofs of grass.Theres noelectricity 2._ running water there.It takes some of thestudents about two hours 3._ (get) to school.The otherday ，Jo was showing the boys

12、 the 4._ (week) experimentwhen the mixture was bubbling over everywhere and the boysstarted jumping out of the 5._ (window).Jo doubtedwhether she was making any difference to the childrens lives byteaching 6._ (they).whoseorto getweeklywindowsthemhad been workingstickingJo and Jenny visited Tombes h

13、ome.When they arrived at thevillage, Tombes mother who 7._ (work) inher garden，started crying “ieee ieee”.Tombes father led them tohis house，a low bamboo hut with grass 8._ (stick) out ofthe roof, where they could only see a few possessions. 9._they ate were sweet potatoes, corn and greens.That nigh

14、t Jo andJenny slept on a 10._ (new) made platform.They left thevillage the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes.Whatnewly单句语法填空jammedweedsuniforms1.Hundreds of football fans _ (jam) the airport togreet them yesterday.2.Their garden is a wilderness of grass and _ (weed).3.Pupils at ab

15、out 80 percent of middle schools wear_ (uniform).a4.Education should be a universal right and not _privilege in the possession of only a few people.5.Most of the apples on the tree have _ (ripe).6.As soon as I noticed the _ (disable) man dragginghis legs towards the exit, I gave him some help.ripene

16、d7.My back has been giving me a lot of trouble _ (late).8.You will have to take your prescription to a_(chemistry).disabledlatelychemist9.She helped her son to smooth out all the _ (wrinkle).10.History is much more than the study of _ (dust)old objects and events long past.wrinklesdusty1.disabled ad

17、j.有残疾的；丧失能力的【原句】 One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continueto help the disabled after I resign from my job.(教材 P40) 我的梦想之一就是在我辞职后去非洲工作，继续帮助残疾人。【典例】 Some people tend to look down upon disabled people andregard them as unfit for a regular life. 有些人倾向于看不起残疾人，认为他们不适合正常的生活。The platform benefits p

18、eople with reading disability a lot.这个平台让有阅读障碍的人受益匪浅。The burglars gained entry to the building after disabling thealarm.窃贼破坏了警报器后进入大楼。【归纳】the disableddisabled people 残疾人be born disabled 天生残疾physically/mentally disabled 有生理残疾的；有心理缺陷的【拓展】(1)disability n.缺陷；障碍a learning/reading disability 学习/阅读障碍(2)dis

19、able v.使丧失能力；使伤残【即学即用】单句语法填空disabledDisability(1)There is a lack of adequate provision (供给) for _(disable) students.(2)_ (disable) can make extra demands onfinancial resources.wasborndisabled完成句子，每空一词(3)1931 年，我生下来就有残疾，我无法伸直双腿。In 1931, I _ _ _，I couldnt straightenmy legs.(4)我们成立了一个帮助残疾人的协会。We have f

20、ormed an association to _ _ _.(5)伊萨克的故事是一个典型的有特殊学习障碍的孩子的故事。helpthedisabledIsaks story is typical of a child who has a specific _.learningdisability2.resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去【原句】 One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continueto help the disabled after I resign from my job.(教材 P40) 我的梦想之一就是在我辞职后去非洲工作，

21、继续帮助残疾人。【典例】Wilberforce thenresigned from government in 1825 anddied in 1833，just after the law was passed which was eventually toabolish slavery in England.然后威伯福斯在 1825 年辞去政府职务，在 1833 年去世，正好是在最终废除英国奴隶制的法律通过之后。She resigned as member of the committee. 她辞去了委员会成员的职务。He has resigned himself to the fact

22、that he will lose the job.他已经接受他将要失去这份工作的现实。【归纳】resign from 辞去职务resign as sth.以职位辞职resign.to.把委托给resign oneself to 听任；顺从【点津】“她辞职了”可以有以下三种说法：(1)She resigned.(2)She resigned her post.(3)She resigned from her post.【拓展】resigned adj.顺从的；逆来顺受的【即学即用】单句语法填空asfromto(1)In order to look after her sick mother ，

23、 Mary decided toresign her position _ manager in the company.(2)Mr.Smith resigned _ the union last year.(3)She resigned herself _ her fate.句式改写，每空一词(4)For some reason, he didnt go on working in the company.(改为同义句)resignfromFor some reason, he _ _ the company.3.deserve vt.值得；应得；应受【原句】I think everyone

24、deserves the right to be happy.(教材 P40)我认为每个人都有获得幸福的权利。【典例】No matter how ordinary a job is ，it plays a part in societyand therefore deserves our due respect.一个工作不管多么普通，它都在社会中起作用，因此应受到我们应有的尊重。He has done so many things, so he certainly deserves to besent to prison.他做了那么多事情，应该被送进监狱。 It is a truth fina

25、lly and universally acknowledged that asingle woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities tomen.一个有头脑的单身女性应该享有与男性平等的机会，这是一个最终被普遍承认的真理。【归纳】deserven.应该得到deserve to do sth.应该做；值得做deserve to be donedeserve doing值得被做deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意【点津】deserve 后接动词-ing 的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接不定

26、式的被动形式，即 deserve doingdeserve to be done。同样to win用法的词还有：need, want, require 等。【即学即用】单句语法填空punishment/punishing/to be punished(1)He doesnt deserve _ (win) any respect fromanybody just because he does not know how to respect others.(2)There is no doubt that the man is guilty and that hedeserves _ (pun

27、ish).一句多译，每空一词deservesconsideration(3)你在会上提出的这个建议值得考虑。This suggestion you put forward at the meeting _.deservestobeconsideredThis suggestion you put forward at the meeting _ _ _. This suggestion you put forward at the meeting _.deservesconsidering4.lately adv.最近；不久前；近来【原句】 Lately, all of us have see

28、n Chinese people on TV infar off places in the world, helping other countries to develop.( 教材 P44)最近，我们都在电视上看到中国人民在遥远的世界各地帮助其他国家发展。【典例】 The company, the ridesharing service, has had its eyes setunderwater lately. 这家提供拼车服务的公司最近把目光投向了水下。I was 10 minutes late for my appointment.我约会迟到了 10分钟。 Later on he

29、 realised his mistakes.后来他认识到自己的错误。This machine is the latest in video recorder technology. 这台机器是最先进的录像技术。【点津】latelyrecently 常与现在完成时连用。常与现在完成时连用的其他单词和短语还有：recently, by now, since 过去时，ever since, so far, in the past few years 等。【拓展】adv.迟；晚(1)late adj.迟到的；晚的；晚期的；过世的be late for 做某事迟到adv.以后；后来(2)later a

30、dj.较晚的；以后的later on 稍后；以后；后来sooner or later 迟早three days later 三天后(3)latest adj.最新的；最近的【即学即用】单句语法填空latestlaterhas had(1)We want to hear all about the _ (late) events andhappenings in our school.(2)About fifteen minutes _ (late), the rain stopped.(3)I know he _ (have) a hard time lately and Ifirmly be

31、lieve that he will manage it.1.a chorus of 齐声；异口同声【原句】 When I reach the school grounds, Im greeted byachorus of “good morning” from the boys.(教材 P38)当我到达学校时，迎接我的是男孩子们异口同声地喊“早上好”的声音。【典例】Never before have I heard this song sung in chorus.我从来没有听过这首歌的合唱。He was met with a chorus of applause from the audi

32、ence.观众对他报以一阵热烈的掌声。Students played the lesser parts and sang in the chorus. 学生们扮演次要的角色并合唱。【拓展】a chorus of applause 一阵热烈的掌声in chorus 异口同声say/sing sth.in chorus 齐声说/唱【即学即用】单句语法填空ina(1)“Hello，” they shouted _ chorus.(2)The professors speech was welcomed with _chorus of praise.withachorusofcheers完成句子，每空

33、一词(3)听到小偷终于被逮捕了，邻居们齐声欢呼。Hearing the thief was finally put under arrest, my neighborsresponded _ _ _ _ _.2.not to mention 更不用说；且不说【原句】 Theres no electricity or running water and not eventextbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other moderndevices！(教材 P38)那儿没有电，没有自来水，甚至没有课本，更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设

34、备！【典例】 Old folk and children are all against the proposal, not tomention the youth.老人和小孩都不赞成这个建议，更不用说年轻人了。 As mentioned above, the change of visual cells was notobvious.如上所述，视觉细胞的变化不明显。There is only one point that is worth mentioning.只有一点值得一提。短语不同点例句not tomentionnot to mention 中的 mention是及物动词，后面要接名词

35、、代词或动词-ing 形式。The baby cant evenwalk, not to mentionrunning.The baby canteven walk, let alone run.let alone后面要跟与前面相同的平行结构。用在否定句后面，表示由于极可能发生的事情都没有发生，某种情况就更不可能了。Today, some youngpeople never even read anewspaper, let alone abook.【辨析】not to mention 与 let alone【拓展】as mentioned above 如上所述be (not) worth m

36、entioning (不)值得一提Dont mention it.不要客气，不用谢。【即学即用】单句语法填空mentioningit(1)Its no big deal; its not even worth _ (mention).(2)Dont mention _.You should drink some water andgo to lie down.Asmentionedabove完成句子，每空一词(3)如上所述，我们的银行将只包含一张表。_ _ _， our bank will consist ofonly one table.(4)我们今年太忙了，没有时间度长假，更不用说我们没钱

37、了。nottomentionWe are too busy to take a long holiday this year, _ _ the fact that we cant afford it.(5)我还没决定吃什么菜，更不用说买食物了。I havent decided on the menu yet, _ _bought the food.letalone3.take for granted 认为是理所当然；对不予重视【原句】 And, while the country is quite beautiful and hasmuch natural wealth, many of th

38、e people are quite poor and livewithout things wetake for granted, such as electricity, runningwater, cars and good transport systems, and supermarkets.( 教 材P44)而且，虽然这个国家非常美丽，有很多自然财富，但许多人相当贫穷，生活中没有我们认为理所当然的东西，如电、自来水、汽车和良好的交通系统以及超市。【典例】 He observed things carefully and never took anything forgranted.

39、他观察事物很仔细，从不认为任何事情都是理所当然的。Many of us are always taking it for granted to throw awaythe leftover food.我们许多人总是认为扔掉剩饭是理所当然的。I just took it for granted that hed always be around.我只是想当然地认为他会一直在我身边。【归纳】take everything for granted 认为一切理所当然take it for granted to do sth.认为做某事理所当然take it for granted that.认为理所当

40、然【拓展】(1)it 作形式宾语的常见句式有：find/make it adj.(for sb.) to do sth.sb.likes/hates/dislikes it when.I would appreciate it if you could do.sb.sees to it that.(2)take 的常用短语：take.seriously 认真对待take.lightly 对掉以轻心take sb.as an example/take sb.for example 以为例【即学即用】单句语法填空to gofor(1)Some students take it for grante

41、d _ (go) to schoolby bus.(2)We have many students who are working here, take Tom_ example.完成句子，每空一词(3)这个男人很固执，认为只要有需要，他的朋友就会一直在身边支持他。takesitforgrantedthatThe man is rigid and just _ _ _ _ his friends are always around to givesupport, whenever it is needed.(4)我很高兴地说，许多教师认真对待他们的工作。I am glad to say tha

42、t many teachers _ _ _.taketheirjobsseriouslyappreciateitifyoucould(5)如果你能尽早给我答复，我将不胜感激。I would _ _ _ _ _give me an early reply.1.The other day I was showing the boys a chemistryexperiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubblingout of the test tube spilling everywhere！(教材 P38)有一天，我正在给孩子们看一个化

43、学实验，突然混合物从试管里冒出来，溅得到处都是！【剖析】 本句中含有 be doing.when.结构，其中，when是并列连词，意为“这时”， 表示在做某事的同时，突然发生另外一件事。【典例】(2020全国卷书面表达)We had just arrived at the farmwhen we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.我们刚到农场，就看见树枝上挂着许多橙子。 (2016 北京卷 单项填空 )Jack was working in the labwhen the power cut occurred.停电时杰克正在实验室工作。Fra

44、nk was about to leave when he noticed a letter lying onthe floor.弗兰克正要离开，这时他注意到地板上有一封信。【归纳】when 表示“这时”的句式结构有：be doing.when.正在做这时be about to do.when.正要做突然be on the point of doing.when.正要做突然had (just) done.when.刚做完这时突然【拓展】(1)when 引导时间状语从句时，意为“当时候”。(2)when 引导原因状语从句时，意为“既然；考虑到”，相当于since。【即学即用】单句语法填空when

45、openingto go(1)I had just gone to bed _ the telephone rang.(2)She was on the point of _ (open) the windowwhen someone knocked at the door.(3)I was about _ (go) swimming when our guidesaw me and shouted at me.weretreatingthepatientwhen完成句子，每空一词(4)医生们正在治疗这个病人，这时灯全部灭了。The doctors _ _ _ _ _all the light

46、s went out.Wasabouttoleave(5)校长正要离开办公室，这时一个男孩突然冲了进来。The headmaster _ _ _ _ _ _ suddenly a boy rushed in.theofficewhen2.To be honest, I doubt whether Im making any differenceto these boys lives at all.(教材 P38)说实话，我怀疑我是否能改变这些孩子的生活。【剖析】 句中 doubt 用作动词，意为“怀疑；不相信”。在肯定句中 doubt 后面的从句由 whether/if 引导。【典例】(202

47、1全国甲卷阅读理解B).Its still a little too cold forthem to go out into the open，but as soon as the weather warms up，I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploringand playing every day.天气还是有点冷，不适合他们到户外去，但一旦天气暖和起来，我相信这小家伙会出去，每天探索和玩耍。(2018全国卷书面表达)There is no doubt that it is veryimportant

48、to mind your table manners in China.毫无疑问，在中国注意餐桌礼仪非常重要。 They all doubt whether/if any negotiation can be reachedat the meeting.他们都怀疑会上是否能达成谈判。【注意】There is (some) doubt 之后常接 whether 引导的从句，表示“怀疑是否会”；There is no doubt 后常接 that 引导的从句，表示“对毫不怀疑”。【即学即用】单句语法填空thatwhether(1)There is no doubt _ more and more

49、people prefershopping online nowadays.(2)There is some doubt _ he will pass the finalexam.完成句子，每空一词Idoubtwhether/if(3)我怀疑他是否会反对这一想法。_ _ _ he will be opposed to the idea._ _ _ _ _ he willbe opposed to the idea.Ihavesomedoubtwhether(4)我毫不怀疑我的女儿会有光明的未来。_ _ _ _ my daughter willhave a bright future.IdontdoubtthatI _ _ _ _ _ mydaughter will have a bright future.havenodoubtthat【题目】假定你是李华，你们学校将要举办一场演讲比赛，演讲内容为疫情期间中国对其他国家给予的援助以及你对此的感受。请你提前准备好演讲稿。注意：1.词数 80 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：Dear everyone，My name is L