初三英语期中下册知识点

1、初三英语期中下册知识点.初三英语期中下册知识点介词by的用法 / -f-rfry； IfH =-、匚.目为在旁,罪近 OSome are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。.意为不迟于，到时为止”。Your son will be all right by supper time.你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多

2、少首英语歌曲？.表示方法、手段,可译作靠、用、凭借、通过、乘 坐”等。The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing. 猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。The boy s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爰迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信.表示逐个，逐批的意思。One by one they went past the table in the dark.

3、他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。.表示根据，按照的意思。What time is it by your watch?你的表几点了？.和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一局部。I took him by the hand.我拉住了他的手。.用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作被、由等。English is spoken by many people.英语被许多人说。（即许多人讲英语。）2.初三英语期中下册知识点一、常用连接词.表文章结构顺序：First of all； Firstly/First, Secondly/Second.And then, Finally, In t

4、he end, At last.表并列补充关系的：What is more, besides.表转折比照关系的:However, butAlthough + clause （从句）On the one hand. On the other hand. Some. while others.表因果关系的：Because, As , So, Thus, Therefore； As a result.表换一种方式表达:In other words.表进行举例说明：For example z句子；For instance ,句子;.表陈述事实:In fact.表达自己观点：In my opinion.

5、表总结：In a word In summary.文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词 做主语等。）宾语从句举例:I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous.）状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and beautiful）动名词做主语举例:Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes.Its bad for our eyes

6、to read books in the sun.二、常用状语从句.时间:when, not.until, as soon as.目的：so that +从句；to do （为了）.结果：so.that +从句，too.to do （太以至于）.条件：if, unless （除非），as long as （只要）.让步:though, although, even though, even if , no matter what/when/where/who/which/how6.比拟:as.as., not so.as., than三、重点句型 l.It is said that +句子 据

7、说It is reported that +句子 据报道2.There is no need to do 没必要做.1ts adj. for sb. to do做对某人来说.so/suchthat .如此 以至于too . to do太 而不能.not.until.直到才 例:I didnt go to bed until my mother came back.The reason why +句子is that +句子 的原因是.The reason why he got angry was that she told him a lie.(他生 气的原因是她对他说了谎).That is w

8、hy +句子那是的原因.That is because +句子 那是因为.as we all know, +句子 据我们所知ll.it is generally / publicly known / considered that.,众所周知.初三英语期中下册知识点句型结构基本概念句型结构基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动 词(verb),宾语(object),表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语 补足语(objectcomplement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英 语句子可分为五种基本句型。复合句复合句(Complex Se

9、ntence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在;从句那么是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语局部和谓语局部，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。.初三英语期中下册知识点重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语从句（主语+谓语动词+宾语/表语） 例句：Im good at English. He says.（改为加宾语从句的复合句） He says Im good at English.注意：主句是一般现在时态，

10、宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher sa

11、id the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.动词原形不能作主语，必须用其-ing形式。例句:She said helping others changed her life.重点短语：direct speech直接引语reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语first of all = at first 首先pass on传递be supposed to do sth.应该做某事be good at = do well in在某方面做得好in good health身体健康get over 克服open up翻开

12、care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再have a cold 感冒end-of-year exam 年终考试get nervous变得紧张forget to do sth.忘记做某事（该事未做）forget doing sth.忘记做某事（该事已做）its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说（加形容词）.初三英语期中下册知识点被动语态被动语态的构成形式be + Vt.p.p.（一）语态是英语动词的一种形式，是用于表示主语和

13、谓语之间的关系。英语语态分为主动语态（active voice）和被动语态（passive voice）两种。主动语态是表示主语是动作的执行者。如：l）Yesterday I parked my car outside the school.被动语态是表示主语是动作的承受者。2)A sound of piano is heard in the hall.(二)被动语态的基本时态变化在被动语态的句子中,谓语局部的结构是be + Vtp.p.(及物动词过去分 词)。其中be是变量，随时态的变化而变化;动词的过去分词是常量， 永远不发生变化。当然，这只是指谓语局部而言。be动词作为一个独 立的谓语动

14、词有自己现在分词(being)和过去分词(been)。那么，下面 我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式：被动语态通常为八种时态的 被动形式。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： l)am/is/are + done(过去分词)一般现在时 2)has/have been done 现在完成时 3)am/is/are being done 现在进行时 4)was/were done 一般过去时 5)had been done过去完成时 6)was/were being done 过去进行时 7)shall/will be done 一般将来时 8)should/would be done 过去才

15、各来时一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动 语态。只有在以下情况中我们才用被动语态：英语里被动语态的使用似乎比汉语要广泛。英语的被动语态常用在以下 的场合：1)当我们不知道动作的执行者的时候，如：l.Look!Therez snothing here.Everything has been taken away.2.My car has been moved!2）当我们不必提出动作的执行者的时候，如：I was born in 1960.3）当我们强调或侧重动作的承受者的时候,如：She is liked by everybody.特殊的被动结构1）带情态动词的被动结

16、构：它的1）带情态动词的被动结构：它的定句式为情态动词+ be +过去分词。也有个别带to的情态动词例外，如：ought to和have to z它们的被 动结构就只能在不定式中。例如：The debt must be paid off before next month那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。2）带有两个宾语的主动语态变成被动语态将这种主动态的句子完成被动态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作 为被动态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为保存宾语写入被动态的 句中。但有一点要说明，那就是，如果你选直接宾语作主语，有时 要在被动态句子的保存宾语前加上合格的介词。因为这些动词常有 两种句式,即：我们

17、可以说give sb.sth.,send sb.sth.,buy sb.sth;我们 也可以说 give sth to sbzsend sth to sb buy sth for sbo 请看下面两 种情况的.对照：She sent me a novel on my birthday.I was sent a novel on my birthday.A novel was sent to me on my birthday.3）关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态如果将带有复合宾语（既:宾语+宾语补足语）的主动语态的句子变成被 动语态的句子,我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动语态句子的主语； 而这时，原句里的宾语补足语现在就变成被动语态句子的主语补足语 了。The story made us laugh.（宾语补足语）We were made to laugh by the story.（主语补足语）4）在使役动词have , make , get以及感官动词see , watch , notice , hear , feel , observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定 式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger w