英语宾语从句定语从句状语从句讲解与练习

1、11/11精选文档宾语从句一，引导词A，由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在好多动词如say，think，wish，hope，see，believe，agree，expect，hear，feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下仍是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。例：Itoldhimthathewaswrong.l在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管可否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变成否定形式。例：Idontthinkyouareright.(我认为

2、你做的不对)l在好多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后边，而用it做形式宾语。例：Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人谎话是错误的)B，由连词if、whether引导的表示可否的宾语从句。Whether，if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if能够代替。例：Idontknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.l在介词后边的宾语从句中不用if引导例：Everythi

3、ngdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。l宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.例：Idontknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例：Whethertogothereornothasntbeendecided.C，由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，和连接副词when，where，why，how等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。例：Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout

4、?(which做定语)Idontknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)二，宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序必定是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例：Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.三，宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：主句是一般现在时态，从句依照实质情况而定。主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。若是从句的动作发生在主句从前，则从句要用过去完成时态。例:1)Shesaysthatsheisastud

5、ent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.精选文档3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.若是宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时

6、宾语从句要用一般现在时态。例：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.Couldyoutellme是用来征询对方的建议，语气宛转，其实不表示过去。例：CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?注意事项：由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。例：Shesaid:IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.ShesaidthatshehadbeentoEnglandbefore.Sheaskedme:Doyoulikemath

7、s?SheaskedmeifIlikedmaths.宾语从句与简单句的交换。由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，若是宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，能够用疑问词+不定式做宾语的简单句结构。例：IdontknowwhatIshoulddonext.Icontknowwhattodonext.Hedidntknowwherehewouldlive.Hedidntknowwhere定语从句在主从复合句中充当定语的句子是定语从句，它在句中修饰名词或代词。定语从句一般由关系代词that,which,who(m),whose和关系副词when,where,why等引导。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词

8、。定语从句平时放在先行词的后边作后置定语。在中考试题中，主要观察引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。一、一般情况下，当先行词指人时，用that,who或whom引导。如：Iknowtheyoungmanthat/whoisreadingunderthetree.我认识在树下读书的那个年青人。Thegirlwhomyoutalkedaboutamomentagoismydaughter.你们刚刚议论的女孩是我的女儿。【温馨提示】当指人的先行词后有介词时，关系代词不用that,而要用whom。如：Jimisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.吉姆是你在搜寻的人。二、当先行词指

9、物时，用which或that引导。当关系代词在从句中作宾语经常可省略。如：Givemethepenthat/whichisonthedesk.把桌子上的钢笔给我。【温馨提示】一)当先行词指物时只能用that而不能够用which的几种常有情况：1.先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代词时。如：Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻拦他做这件事。先行词前有last,next,only，very及序数词、最高等等修饰时。如：Thisisthemostinteresting

10、filmthatwasshownlastweek.这是上周所放映的电影.DoyouknowthegirlwhosenameisLily?精选文档中最有趣的一部。Theonlythingthattheycandoistowait.他们唯一能做的事就是等待。3.先行词前有序数词或最高等等修饰时。如：Thisisthesecondcomputerthatfatherhasjustbought.这是爸爸方才买的第二台电脑。Thisistheverypen(that)youboughtyesterday.这正是你昨天买的笔。4.当先行词既有人，又有物时。如：Sallyistalkingaboutthew

11、riterandhisbookthatinterestsher.萨丽在议论这位作家及能使她感兴趣的这位作家的书。当主语是who的疑问句。如：Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames?在玩电脑游戏的男孩是谁？二)当先行词指物时，只能用which而不能够用that的场合关系代词前有介词时。如：ThisisthehouseinwhichTomoncelived.这是汤姆从前住过的房子。在非限制性定语从句(即平时用逗号与主句分开，若是去掉逗号，整个句子还可以表达完满的意义的定语从句)中。如：TheyaretalkingabouttheTVplay,whichtheys

12、awlastnight.他们正在议论昨晚看的电视剧。三、whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰它后边的名词。如：你认识名叫莉莉的女孩吗？四、当引导词在句中作状语时，应用合适的关系副词。表示时间用when，表示地点用where，表示原因用why。但这些关系副词平时可变换成“介词+关系代词”形式。如：Thehotelwhere/atwhichthevisitorsarestayingisveryexpensive.这些参观者呆的酒店很贵。状语从句由从句担当的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它能够用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、退步等。状语从句是

13、一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常有的一个重要试点。高考中已观察了时间、退步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。（一）时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),since,once,assoonas(或themoment),bythetime,nosoonerthan,hardly(scarcely)when,every等引time导。e.g.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingamee

14、ting.Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.NosoonerhadIgonetobedthanIwenttosleep.（二）原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或原因的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because,since,as,nowthat（既然）等，for表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。e.g.Heisdisappointedbecausehedidntgettheposition.Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.N

15、owthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.精选文档（三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever等。e.g.Sitwhereveryoulike.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.（四）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so,sothat（从句谓语常有神情动词）,inorderthat,incase（以防，省得）等。e.g.Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.ShehasboughtthebookinorderthatshecouldfollowtheTVlesson

16、s.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.（五）结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示形势结果的从句，平时主句是原因，从句是结果。由sothat（从句谓语一般没有神情动词）,sothat,suchthat等引导。e.g.Shewasill,sothatshedidntattendthemeeting.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.（六）条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反也许在说话者看来不大可

17、能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if,unless,so(as)longas,onconditionthat,so(as)faras,ifonly(=if)。注意：条件从句中的if不能够用whether代替。e.g.Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.SofarasIknow（据我所知）,hewillbeawayforthreemonths.Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat(=if)youdontgotoofara

18、wayfromtheriverbank.Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hecouldhaveseenher.（七）退步状语从句退步状语从句可由although,though,as,evenif(though),however,whatever,whetheror,nomatterwho(when,what,)等引导。注意：as引导的退步状语从句一般是倒装的。e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,Illneverchangemymi

19、nd.（八）方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as,asif(though),theway,ratherthan等引导。e.g.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句常用than,so(as)as,themorethemore等引导。e.g.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.（十）使用状语从句时要注意

20、的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、退步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句平时用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.Wellgooutingifitdoesntraintomorrow.IllwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或退步从句，若是从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，即可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。.精选文档e.g.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.If(itis)

21、necessaryIllexplaintoyouagain.3、注意区分不同样从句：引导的是什么从句，不但要依照连词，还要依照句子结构和句意来鉴识。以where为例，能引导多种从句。e.g.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.（地点状语从句）Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）Idontknowwherehecamefrom.（宾语从句）Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.（主语从句）Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.（表语从句）EXERCISE定语从句真题精选1.Doyouknow

22、thescientist_gaveusatalkjustnow?(天津市)A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose2.Thisisthedictionary_Mumgavemeformybirthday.(河北省)A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whomShaolinTemple_liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.(河南省)A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what4.Doyouknowthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?Sheismylittle

23、sister.(福州市)A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which5.Thisisthequestion_wearetalkingaboutnow.(吉林省)A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when6.Whatareyoulookingfor?Iamlookingforthebook_Iboughtyesterday.(长沙市)A.whoB.whichC.whose7.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice_wouldliketospeakwithyou.(厦门市)A.whoB.whichC.whom8.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksand

24、pens,itmustbelongtosomeone_workshard.(临沂市)A.whichB./C.whomD.who9.Manyyoungpeoplepreferthesongs_havegreatlyrics.(泰安市)A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom10.Eventeacherscantunderstandsomeexpressions_theirstudentsuseindailylife.(绍兴市)A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom11.Beijingisthe29thcity_holdstheOlympicGames.(芜湖市)A.where

25、B.thatC.whichD.what12.Haveyoureadthebook_Igaveyouyesterday?(茂名市)A.thatB.whenC.where13.Theman_cametoourpartywithapresentismyoldfriend.(茂名市).精选文档A.whenB.whichC.what14.Ilikewriters_writeshortstories.(襄樊市)A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who15.Therearemanyvolunteers_arehelpingthechildreninSichuan.Andmostofthemareco

26、llegestudents.(咸宁市)A.whichB.whenC.whoseD.who16.WeknowJackieChan_moviesareverypopularwiththeyoung.(恩施自治州)A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which17.Theboy_Italkedwithjustnowismybestfriend.(南充市)A.whoB.whichC.where18.Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?Ilikemusic_Icansingalongwith.(自贡市)A.whoB.thatC.what19.Heistheonlystudent_pla

27、ystabletennisbetterthanJim.(南宁市)A.whyB.whereC.whoD.which20.ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isntit?Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschools_thosechildrencanstudyhappily.(哈尔滨市)A.whereB.whenC.which练习、状语从句一、用横线划出以下句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪一种状语从句：1.Childassheis,sheknowsalotofthings.2.ThemoreIcandofortheclass,thehappierIl

28、lbe.Hetalksasif(asthough)heknewallaboutit.Heissuchagoodteacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim.5.Ishallgototheparkunlessitrains.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.Wherethereiswater,thereislife.Hestudiedhardsothathecouldcatchupwithhisclassmates.Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwonttroubleyou.10.Evenif(though)I

29、fail.Illneverloseheart.Onceyoubeginthework,youmustcontinue.Iwillfindherwherevershemaybe.Nowthatyouvecome,youdbetterhavedinnerwithus.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldntfallasleep.Wemustdoeverythingashetellsus.精选文档IndiaismuchbiggerthanJapan.Nomatterwhenyoucome,youarewarmlywelcome.As(So)longasyouworkhard,youca

30、ncatchupwiththeotherclassmates.二、用合适的连词填空：Dr.Bethune(白求恩)cametoChina_hewasfifty.Hebegantowork_hegotthere.Letsbeginourmeeting_everyoneishere.IliketheEnglishpeople,_Idontliketheirfood._yougoinChina,youcanseesmilingfaces.Hedidntcometothelecture,_hewasverybusy._wehadenoughtime,wewalkedtothecinema.Theywi

31、llhelpyou_youmeetwithdifficulty._wecametotheuniversity,wehavelearntquitealot.10.Ididntjointhemyesterdayevening_Ihadtogotoanimportantmeeting.Wewouldtrytogetacar_wecouldalltraveltogethermoreeasily.Shewouldntforgethermothersbirthday_sheseldomwrotetoherfamily.Weredoingeverythingwecantomakethingsaseasyfo

32、ryou_wecan.Themeetingbecamesodisorderly_thespeakerhadtoshouttheaudiencedown.Hewasangrier_everbefore._youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.Theboywassotired_hefellasleeponthebus.18.Hard_hetried,hecouldntforcethedooropen.三、选择填空：1.Illletyouknow_hecomesback.A.beforeB.becauseC.assoonasD.although2.Sh

33、ewillsingasong_sheisasked.A.ifB.unlessC.forD.since3.Wewillwork_weareneeded.A.wheneverB.becauseC.sinceD.wherever4.Readitaloud_theclasscanhearyou.A.sothatB.ifC.whenD.although5._yougo,dontforgetyourpeople.A.WheneverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whichever6.Itisabouttenyears_Imetyoulast.A.sinceB.forC.whenD.as7.Th

34、eywillneversucceed,_hardtheytry.A.becauseB.howeverC.whenD.since8._stillhalfdrunk,hemadehiswayhome.A.WhenB.BecauseC.ThoughD.As9._shewasverytired,shewentonworking.A.AsB.AlthoughC.EvenD.Inspiteof10.Busy_hewas,hetriedhisbesttohelpyou.A.asB.whenC.sinceD.for.精选文档11.IlearnedalittleRussian_Iwasatmiddleschoo

35、l.A.thoughB.althoughC.asifD.when12._wegottothestation,thetrainhadleftalready.A.IfB.UnlessC.SinceD.When13._therainstops,we11setoffforthestation.A.BeforeB.UnlessC.AssoonasD.Though14.Shewas_tired_shecouldnotmoveaninch.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.very,thatD.so,as15.Wedidntgohome_wefinishedthework.A.sinceB.unt

36、ilC.becauseD.though16.Illstayhere_everyoneelsecomesback.A.evenifB.asthoughC.becauseD.until17.Althoughitsraining,_arestillworkinginthefield.A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey18.Speaktohimslowly_hemayunderstandyoubetter.A.sinceB.sothatC.forD.because19.Youllmissthetrain_youhurryup.A.unlessB.asC.ifD.until

37、20.Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplaceD.where21.Wedbetterhurry_itisgettingdark.A.andB.butC.asD.unless22.Ididntmanagetodoit_youhadexplainedhow.A.untilB.unlessC.whenD.before23._hecomes,wewontbeabletogo.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even24.Ihurried_Iwoul

38、dntbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless25._Icatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.A.EverytimeB.ThoughC.EvenD.Where26.Whatsthematter_theystillhaventansweredthetelegram?A.whenB.thatC.thoughD.however27.Bringitnearer_Imayseeitbetter.A.althoughB.eventhoughC.sothatD.since28.YoumayarriveinBeijingearly_youmi

39、ndtakingthenighttrain.A.thatB.thoughC.unlessD.if29.Helenlistenedcarefully_shemightdiscoverexactlywhatsheneeded.A.inthatB.inorderthatC.incaseD.eventhough30.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants_theydotoday.A.thanB.whenC.whileD.as31._hardshetries,shecanhardlyavoidmakingmistakesinherhomework.A.MuchB.Howeve

40、rC.AsD.AlthoughPoor_itmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome,_youmaygo.A.as;whereverB.though;wheneverC.inspiteof;whenD.that;whereverThechildwas_immediatelyaftersupper.A.enoughtiredtogotobedB.tootiredtogotobed.精选文档C.sotiredthathewenttobedD.verytired,hewenttobed34.Thehistoryofnursing_thehistoryofman.A.asoldasB.

41、isoldthanC.thatisasoldasD.isasoldas35._borninChicago,theauthorwasfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.A.SinceB.OnceC.WhenD.Although36._westoodatthetopofthebuilding,thepeoplebelowwerehardlyvisible.A.AsB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Inspiteof37.ScarcelywasGeorgeWashingtoninhisteens_hisfatherdied.A.thanB.asC.whileD.wh

42、en38._Davidgoes,heiswelcome.A.WhicheverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whatever39.Thehousestood_therehadbeenarock.A.whichB.atwhichC.whenD.where40.Small_itis,thepenisamostusefultool.A.becauseB.soC.ifD.asAfterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced_tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwice

43、C.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyasThepianointheothershopwillbe_,but_.A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheap;notasbetterC.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood43.Johnplaysfootball_,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas44.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,A.hisworksarenotwidelyreadB.buthiswor

44、ksarenotwidelyreadC.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyreadD.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread45._thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As46.Whatwasthepartylike?Wonderful.Itsyears_Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since47.Itwasnot_shetookoffherdarkglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then48.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_greatitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever49.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when50._,Motherwillwaitfo