Unit 1 Science and Scientists 1 Reading and Thinking 课后培优练 高中英语新人教版选择性必修第二册（2022-2023学年）

1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists1.1 Reading and Thinking 一、基础巩固 I单词拼写The more petrol and electricity we c_(消耗), the more carbon we are letting off.A charity group set up a stand selling cooked s_(香肠) and flowers to raise funds.Truly e_(精美的) chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese chara

2、cters.He has a bad t_(脾气) and will not listen to anybody, so youd better not stand in his path.Boys and girls, do you realize that what you were in favor of just now are j_(无用的东西) foods?The police suspect there may be a _ (联系) between the two cases.Were faced with a s_(严重的) situation where we have t

3、o give up what were eager for most.There was no p_(证据) that the knife belonged to her.In a world that warms up by 3, it found that m_(许多的) changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.This switch has d_(减少) pollution in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for peo

4、ple【答案】consume 2. sausages 3.elegant 4. temper 5. junklink 7. severe 8.proof 9. multiple 10. decreased第10句解析：句意:这一转变减少了这个国家主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更加安全。 II.单句语法填空They felt _ (frustrate) at the lack of progress.The local government is _ (blame) for not informing the public of the case in time. But the info

5、rmation I got was rich and varied, or even _(contradict). As an adult, we have to learn _ (handle) stress.Those who lack resistance are more likely to _ (infect) with the virus.Prior to _(join) this company in 2015, Bequelin was employed as a senior researcher.We tend _(think) that the decades immed

6、iately following World War was a time of prosperity and growth.Internet shopping is quite popular among Chinese people and has become a new way of _(consume).Tea culture is _(vary) in different countries by the way tea is made and drunk, and by the places for tea drinking._(tire) and hungry, the tou

7、rists wanted to find a restaurant to have something to eat. 【答案】1.frustrated 2.to blame 3.contradictory 4.to handle 5. be infected6.joining 7.to think 8.consumption 9.varied/various 10.Tired III.短语填空consist of, on the other hand, be stuffed with, as a result, subscribe toat a minimum, hand in hand,

8、refer to, prior to, once and for all 1. If you would like to receive regular daily news by email, then you can _ this service as follows.2.To learn English well, you should learn ten new words _ every day.3.All the arrangements should have been completed on the day _ our departure.4.All electronic c

9、omputers _ five units although they are of different kinds.5.He fell off the bike on the way home and hurt his leg yesterday. _, he had to be away from school for some time.6.There is some evidence that poverty and poor health often go _.7.To draw up the plan, they went to the library to _ many book

10、s.8.On the one hand, I want to go to the party, but _ I ought to prepare for the maths test.9. Building a large gym is a tough task; it is not something that can be completed _ in a year.10.We havent seen our neighbor for long and his letter box _ letters and all kinds of leaflets.【答案】1.subscribe to

11、 2. at a minimum 3. prior to 4. consist of 5. As a result6. hand in hand 7. refer to 8. on the other hand 9.once and for all 10. is stuffed with = 4 * ROMAN IV. 补全句子根据汉语意思，用合适的短语补全句子。1. 老师让Tom 和John努力沟通，彻底地解决他们的争论。 Teacher asked Tom and John to try to communicate with each other and settle their arg

12、ument _ _ _ _.2. 我认为，盲目的销售促进不仅缺乏系统性，也缺乏坚实的理论框架。 I think that the blind sales promotion lacked not only systematic practice, but also the firm _ _.3. 从他脸上的表情判断，看起来老板不同意这样的观点。 Judging from the expression on his face, it seemed that the boss didnt _ _ such views.4. 为了方便，这个年轻人设计出了一款新型水泵，这让从深处抽出水更加容易了。 F

13、or convenience, the young man designed a new _ _, which makes it easily to suck water from the depth. 5. 幸亏有了你的引导和帮助，否则我们会在森林里迷失多于三天。 _ _ your help and guidance, otherwise we would be lost in the forest for more than 3 days.当我还是个孩子的时候，我过去常常晚饭后坐在大树下听爷爷讲故事。 When I was a child, I _, sitting under the t

14、ree.众所周知，长城是如此壮观以致于每年它都会吸引几千万的游客来此参观。 As is known to us all, the Great Wall is so splendid _.事实上，是露西而不是莉莉应该因为那个破碎的花瓶受到责备。 In fact, not Lily but Lucy should _.根据研究，每天都锻炼的人更有可能长寿。 According to the research, people who exercise every day _. 10. 他今天休班，所以他终于有时间让别人给他修一下空调了。He is off work today so he can _

15、.答案: 1. once and for all 2. theoretical framework 3. subscribe to 4. water pump 5. thanks to6. used to hear my grandpa tell stories7.that it can attract ten million people to visit every year.8. be to blame for the broken vase9.are much more likely to live a long life10.have his air conditioner repa

16、ired eventually 二、拓展提升 = 1 * ROMAN I.阅读理解A US food author M.F.K. Fisher once wrote about humans, First we eat, then we do everything else. This is why each year we celebrate World Food Day, which falls on Oct. 16. But regardless of the importance of food around the world, food cultures often differ

17、greatly from country to country. For example, things like chicken feet, duck heads, and pig brains are commonly eaten in Asia. If you asked most Westerners to try one of these things, though, the very thought of it would probably be enough to make them give up meat altogether. At the same time, howe

18、ver, the majority of people in Western nations regard themselves as meat eaters. So, what could be the reason behind this double standard? There are a number of possible answers to that question, yet one major reason could lie in recent cultural changes. During the mid-20th century and the years fol

19、lowing it, eating most parts of an animal was common in many Western countries such as the UK perhaps owing to rationing (定量配给政策) as a result of World War II (19391945). But later, during the 1960s and 1970s, following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets

20、 in those countries increased, wrote Francesco Burnett, author of Cultural History of Meat: 1900-The Present. Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs(四肢), the publics attitude to meat soon shifted. The animal gradually d

21、isappeared from meat, and peoples ignorance about what animal the meat they ate came from increased. Burnett added. As a result, its believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product, rather than as something that came from an animal. However, this theory may go

22、even further back if we look at the words the English language uses to describe meat. We de-animalize certain foods that we eat by giving them different names, Hal Herzog, author of Why Its So Hard To Think Straight About Animals, told online magazine Grist. We dont say its cooked pig; we say its po

23、rk. And we dont say hamburger is made of cow; we say its made of beef. So it seems that theres not one simple answer to this question. When it comes to eating meat, however, perhaps we should simply just enjoy the taste.1. The main purpose of the first three paragraphs is to _.A.introduce various fo

24、od culturesB.stress Westerners love for foodC.show differences in Chinese and Western food culturesD.draw attention to Westerners, de-animalizing meat2. What changed peoples attitudes toward meat in the 1960s and 1970s?A.The words used to describe meat.B.The rise of supermarkets.C.The need for a hea

25、lthier lifestyle.D.The introduction of highways.3. What does the underlined word ignorance mean in Paragraph 6?A.Blindness.B.Fear.C.Misunderstanding.D.Challenge.答案：1-3. ABA解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中But regardless of the importance of food around the world, food cultures often differ greatly from country to c

26、ountry.可知,不同国家的饮食文化有很大的差异,所以前三段的目的是介绍不同的饮食文化,故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第五段中during the 1960s and 1970s,following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased可知,在20世纪60年代和20世纪70年代,随着高速公路在美国和英国的引入,超市在这些国家普及开来,以及第六段中Thanks to the popularity and conve

27、nience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs(四肢),the publics attitude to meat soon shifted.可知,由于超市的普及和便利,(超市里)很少售卖如头、四肢这样的动物部位,公众对于肉的态度很快也发生了变化。所以是超市数量的增加改变了人们对肉的态度。故选B。3.词义猜测题。根据第六段中The animal gradually disappeared from meat(动物逐渐从肉类中消失),再根据第七段As a result, it

28、s believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product, rather than as something that came from an animal.可知,许多西方文化慢慢地开始将肉类仅仅视为一种食品,而不是来自动物的东西。也就是人们对肉的来源不了解,ignorance与blindness意思接近,在此处意为“不了解”,故选A。 B Elon Musk, perhaps the worlds most brilliant businessman, has a hab

29、it of making statements that stretch the bounds of believability. On July 16th, 2019, he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface (BMI), starting from the design of a neural lace(神经织网), a net of thin electrodes (电极) that capture the information from the brain. However, the electrodes must be

30、 flexible, so that they do not damage brain tissue and will last for a long time. And to make the implantation(植入)of so many electrodes safe, painless and effective, the process has to be automated. Mr. Musks team does indeed seem to have made progress towards these goals. Their presentation include

31、s videos of a robot that is best described as a sewing machine. This robot grabs threads, and shoots them deep into the brain through a hole. The firm has also designed a chip that can handle signals from as many as 3,072 electrodes. With all these technological breakthroughs, the firm now hopes to

32、help people overcome such illnesses as blindness and paralysis. They designed a small device that would sit behind someones ear, picking up signals from the implanted chip and passing them on as appropriate. In a few years, using a brain implant to control your devices may be as prevalent as wearing

33、 wireless earphones today. Finally, Musk predicts neural lace will allow humans to be combined with AI systems, thus enabling the species to survive. Though, as this announcement shows, Mr. Musk does have a habit of presenting himself as the hero of the human race, at least the concept that some mac

34、hines will come under the direct control of human brains seems possible to be carried out. The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be writing the software needed to interpret brainwaves, but rather persuading people that the necessary surgery, whether by sewing machine or otherwise,

35、is actually a good idea.4.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that _.A.electrodes should be flexible to extend lifeB.Elon Musk constantly comes up with unexpected ideasC.a neural lace is used to store information from the brainD.electrodes are implanted by top surgeons for safety reasons5.Wha

36、t does the underlined word prevalent in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Useful.B.Common.C.Professional.D.Appropriate.6.What is the hardest part of carrying out BMI?A.Convincing people to accept the surgery.B.Developing devices to perform the surgery.C.Writing the software to interpret brainwaves.D.Infor

37、ming people of the success of the surgery.7.What is the best title of this passage?A.The Neural Lace, a New Type of BMIB.Elon Musk, the Hero of Human BeingsC.Artificial Intelligence, the Way to SurviveD.A Brain Implant, a Step to Control Machines答案：4-7. BBAA解析：4.推理判断题。根据第一段Elon Musk.has a habit of m

38、aking statements that stretch the bounds of believability.(Elon Musk有一种习惯,他发表的言论延伸了可信度的范围。) 以及第二段中On July 16th,2019, he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface(BMI)(2019年7月16日,他介绍了一种新型的脑机接口。)可知Elon Musk经常能提出前所未闻的想法,B项符合题意。故选B。5.词义猜测题。根据第四段中They designed a small device that would sit behind

39、someones ear, picking up signals from the implanted chip and passing them on as appropriate.可知,现在设计的小设备应用较为复杂。画线词所在句表述为几年后,与现在形成对比,表明这项技术会变得更为普遍和简易,就像戴无线耳机一样。故B项common“普遍的”切合题意。故选B。6.细节理解题。根据最后一段中The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be writing the software needed to interpret brai

40、nwaves, but rather persuading people that the necessary surgery. is actually a good idea.可知,最大的阻碍可能不是写软件,而是说服人们做这种必要的外科手术其实是个好主意。意在表明实施BMI最艰难的部分是说服人们接受必要的外科手术。故选A。7.主旨大意题。根据第二段中On July 16th,2019,he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface(BMI)可知2019年7月16日,他介绍了一种新型的脑机接口。接下来全文围绕新型脑机接口(BMI)进行展开

41、说明,因此可知A项“神经织网,一种新型的脑机接口”切题。故选A。 II.七选五Five great unusual study spacesIndependent coffee shopsNowadays, independently owned coffee shops are found everywhere in the city. _1_ You can study in the quiet spot without being disturbed while enjoying a cup of coffee and your favorite snacks. OutsideReadi

42、ng outdoors is not possible for the entire year. But the spring, summer, and fall can provide students with the perfect mix of light, noise, and breeze for ideal studying. Throughout the city there are parks and squares where you will be able to find your perfect spot. _2_Student spacesThis suggesti

43、on may seem obvious at first. However, students tend to pick the same spaces designated for studying when they look for a place on campus to read. Try going to a space that isnt a designated quiet space but rather an activities room, dining hall, or music room. _3_ Try out a variety of spaces to dis

44、cover the noise level that works best for you. A pubDuring the late afternoon and early evening, especially on week days, many pubs are fairly quiet and empty. _4_ You can really enjoy the peaceful atmosphere there. A museum or gallery_5_ This provides students with another fairly quiet place to rea

45、d. Not only will students be surrounded by wonderful visual stimuli, the inspirational aspect of these institutions can also prompt students to put more effort into their work. AThink it over and youll get the answer. BMaybe it is the best place for you to make friends. CSo finding a quiet spot coul

46、d not be difficult for you. DTry to avoid areas where youll see a lot of students who you know. EYou can really focus on your studying while calming down with a beer. FYou can find a quiet place to get away from the city and have less distractions. GMany museums and art galleries offer free admissio

47、n to students one day per week. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明性质的文章，主要介绍了五种不寻常的学习的地点。1C上面一句意为“现在独立的咖啡店在城市中到处都是”，可知下面一句应该说明的是“因此，找到一个安静的地方不是困难的事”。2F本段标题 Outside提示了在城市之外能够找到安静的学习的地方，选项F中的 “get away from the city”提示了是在城市之外找到安静的学习的地方。3D在学生聚集的地方找到适合学习的地方，应该避免见到你认识的学生。4EA pub是提供酒水的小酒馆，选项E中的 “with a beer”提示了E项符合题意。5G本段标题为A

48、 museum or gallery，选项G中的 “Many museums and art galleries”与标题一致。 .语法填空I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. When he 1 (ask) why he was able to succeed, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with 2 mother when he was about two years old. “I was trying to get a bottle of milk

49、from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling (溢出) the milk all over the floora sea of milk! I got 3 (frighten) and I didnt know what to do！” he said.Instead of 4 (punish) him, his mother asked him to play in the milk for a while. Then she said, “You know, we failed in how to 5 (succe

50、ssful) carry a big milk bottle with two tiny 6 (hand) just now. Lets go out in the yard and fill the bottle 7 water to see if you can discover a way to carry it.”This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he 8 (know) he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes 9 were actually opportunities for learning something new. Even if the experiment “doesnt work”， we usually learn something 10 (value) from it.1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8.