中考阅读专题主旨大意题

1、 中考阅读专题：主旨大意题所谓主旨大意题，就是指那些针对文章的主要内容、主题、标题或写作目的所设置的问题。这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的根底上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。通过研究近两年各地的中考题我们发现，现在的阅读题远非停留在理解词句和看懂内容上。为了增加阅读理解题的区分度，考查学生的综合理解能力，拉开差距，阅读题中主旨大意题和推断题明显增加。这里，我们主要来探讨主旨大意题的解题方法。一、主旨大意题的题干表现形式1. 主要内容型:What is the passage / text / article mainly about? What is

2、the main / general ideaof this passage? This passage mainly tells us about / that _.2. 主题型:What is the topic / subject of the article? Which subject is discussed in the text?3. 最正确标题型:What is the best title for this text / passage / article? Which of the followingwould be the best title for this pas

3、sage?4. 写作目的型:The purpose of this article / passage / text is to_. The authors mainpurpose of writing the passage is _.What is the writers purpose of writing thispassage? The article has been written to explain _.二、主旨大意题的解答在做主旨大意题时,不管是哪一种题型,关键的一步是要找出主题句或和主题有关的关键词,从而把握文章的主旨(main idea)。1. 议论、说明体裁的文章例

4、1:【分析】本段第一句话的概括性最强,指出环境发生了巨大变化。其他几句话分别具体说明都发生了哪些变化,以及现在的样子。因此,第一句为本段的主题句。2. 记叙体裁的文章例 2: I never stopped imagining ( 想像) who the giver might be, though. Some of myhappiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouragedthese daydreams. Shed ask me if I had been especially kind t

5、o someone. Perhaps itwas the old man across the street. Id delivered his mail during the winter. As a girl,though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy that I had met.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. A Childhood DreamB. A Mothers LoveC. A Graduation PartyD. A

6、 Special Birthday【分析】本文写的是一位母亲在自己女儿成长的过程中以一种独特的方式 每年在女儿生日那天不署名送女儿栀子花来表达对女儿的爱。本篇文章围绕爱展开 ,开头写暗送女儿栀子花,并鼓励女儿去想像美好。当女儿遇到挫折时,母亲鼓励女儿要勇敢地面对困难。尽管文章中并没有出现主题句 ,但是以上这些关键信息充分说明了 B 项A Mothers Love是正确项。3. 新闻体裁的文章值得一提的是新闻报道类文章在中考阅读中逐渐增多。一般这类文章都有固定格式:城市名称(或通讯社) 一句话概括新闻的主要内容 ,然后是具体的报道。通常第一句是一个较长的句子 ,交待出主要事件、发生的时间、地点等

7、。如果不是非常有必要交待时间和地点的事情 ,也至少会在第一句中点出要报道的对象和侧重点。例如:例 3:JAKARTA (Xinhua) The Indonesia Health Ministry said that a three-year-oldIndonesian boy died of bird flu ( 流感) on Wednesday. He became the 108th peoplewho died of this disease in the country. Nyoman Kandun, the leader of the HealthMinistry, told Xin

8、hua on telephone that the boy loved to play with birds .【分析】这那么新闻报道了一个 3 岁的男孩死于禽流感的事情。首句就交代清楚了事 情发生的时间(on Wednesday)、地点(Indonesia)、人物(a 3-year-old boy)以及主要情节(died of bird flu)。小试牛刀What is the main idea of this paragraph?A. Samantha, your smile is very lovely.B. Samantha, I want to hear your soft voi

9、ce.C. Samantha, I miss you very much.D. Samantha, I cant eat and sleep well.2. Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants (仆人). Theywill look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these robotsand they will be able to answer us. They will be smart, stron

10、g, and tire-less workers.Their only life goal will be to make our lives easier.Which sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A. Someday we will all have robots as our personal servants.B. We can talk to these robots and they can answer us.C. Robots will look and behave much like real humans.D. The robots will be smart, strong, and tireless workers.解答主旨大意题的小技巧：1. 快速有重点地浏览(skimming)全文。从整体上把握文章的结构、逻辑关系