回答问题-完整版PPT

1、WelcomeWelcome阅读简答专项训练 考 纲 解 读 考查宗旨：“阅读简答”新题型于07年出现在高考英语湖南卷中，2010年增加至4个小题，并且难度加大。该题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上，用自己的语言按题目的要求简明扼要地回答有关文章内容的问题，即在考查阅读理解的基础上考查考生的英语表达能力和概括能力。 语篇特点：体裁多为说明文、议论文和记叙文。文章结构严密，脉络清晰，易于把握。如：09年高考英语湖南卷“阅读简答”题的语篇为记叙文，介绍了巧克力的发明者Milton S. Hershey 不为人知的善良、幽默的一面；08年高考英语湖南卷“阅读简答”题为一篇介绍国际冰雕锦标赛的说明文。 设题

2、特点：通常情况下，简答题的设题考查方式有三种，即细节考查题、主旨大意题和逻辑推理题。题目以考查细节为主，兼顾考查主旨、语义和推理。2010年还可能出现List two reasons/factors题型 。 备考策略：回答“阅读简答”题，理解是基础，表达是关键。考生应灵活运用各种阅读策略了解文章大意，详读相关细节，最大限度地理解文章信息，用概括语言和组织语言的能力，将答题内容简洁地表达出来。 题型分析及应试策略1. 细节归纳题特点应试策略词语代替词类转换分句合并句型转换所占比重最大问题一般以how, what, why, where, when或list 等形式出现此法是指用词性相同的同义词，

3、近义词或词组对原句的某些成分进行简单替代。1. 词语替代法：a. Is Meimei at home? Is Meimei .b. An idea suddenly came to my mind. An idea suddenly _ _ _.inoccurred to me此法是利用某些派生词或词性相异的词组来替代原句中的某些成分。2. 词类转换法: The rain was very heavy last night. It _ _ last night.rained heavily把两个意义相关的简单句合并为一个简单句。3. 合并分句法: He is a new teacher. He

4、 is called Sun Jun. He is a new teacher _ Sun Jun.The woman is our new director. She is wearing red clothes. The woman _ _ / _ _ is our new director.called in red wearing red Li Lei is taller than any other students in his class. Li Lei is _ _ in his class.No other flowers are as beautiful as this o

5、ne. This flower is _ _ _ _.We all hope that we will be able to play games on the sports field. We all hope _ _ _ on the sports field.The little girl was so tired that she couldnt go farther. The little girl was too tired _ _ _.也可以用分词形式来转换：I suggest you should phone your aunt before turning up at her

6、 house. I suggest your _ your aunt before _ her.4. 句型转换: 句型转换是句子类别的转换。the tallestthe most beautiful oneto play gamesto go farthercallingvisiting(A) One day, an old beggar went to the village. He knocked at a door to beg for food. This was a big house and at the side was built a granary with a big pa

7、dlock. The owner of the house was very rich and he was known for never helping anyone. The beggar was aware of his reputation but still pleaded, “Will you give me a bit of butter or milk?” The rich man said impatiently, “No! Go away at once!” “Perhaps you can sweep out for me a bit of grain or beans

8、,” the hungry beggar continued. “There isnt anything in my house!” “How about a little bit of bread?” the beggar insisted. “Only a mouthful of food and I will be very grateful.” “Go away! I dont have bread!” “How about some water? I am thirsty.” “I dont have water.” The beggar then said sadly to him

9、, “My friend, why are you here? You should go to some kind-hearted folk to beg for food because you are poorer than anybody else.” What kind of man was the owner of the house? (no more than 5words)_ What was the rich mans attitude towards the beggar?(no more than 3 words)_(A) One day, an old beggar

10、went to the village. He knocked at a door to beg for food. This was a big house and at the side was built a granary with a big padlock. The owner of the house was very rich and he was known for never helping anyone. The beggar was aware of his reputation but still pleaded, “Will you give me a bit of

11、 butter or milk?” The rich man said impatiently, “No! Go away at once!” “Perhaps you can sweep out for me a bit of grain or beans,” the hungry beggar continued. “There isnt anything in my house!” “How about a little bit of bread?” the beggar insisted. “Only a mouthful of food and I will be very grat

12、eful.” “Go away! I dont have bread!” “How about some water? I am thirsty.” “I dont have water.” The beggar then said sadly to him, “My friend, why are you here? You should go to some kind-hearted folk to beg for food because you are poorer than anybody else.” What kind of man was the owner of the ho

13、use? (no more than 5words)_ What was the rich mans attitude towards the beggar?(no more than 3 words)_He was rich but mean.(A) One day, an old beggar went to the village. He knocked at a door to beg for food. This was a big house and at the side was built a granary with a big padlock. The owner of t

14、he house was very rich and he was known for never helping anyone. The beggar was aware of his reputation but still pleaded, “Will you give me a bit of butter or milk?” The rich man said impatiently, “No! Go away at once!” “Perhaps you can sweep out for me a bit of grain or beans,” the hungry beggar

15、continued. “There isnt anything in my house!” “How about a little bit of bread?” the beggar insisted. “Only a mouthful of food and I will be very grateful.” “Go away! I dont have bread!” “How about some water? I am thirsty.” “I dont have water.” The beggar then said sadly to him, “My friend, why are

16、 you here? You should go to some kind-hearted folk to beg for food because you are poorer than anybody else.” What kind of man was the owner of the house? (no more than 5words)_ What was the rich mans attitude towards the beggar?(no more than 3 words)_He was rich but mean.Impatient and rude.(B) The

17、moving truck with furniture was parked in front of our Southern California home. My husband and I were sweeping out the open garage when a woman from a house across the street came up to us with an apple pie. “Welcome to the neighborhood, ” she said, “ I made it myself and I want you to have it. No

18、one can do it better than me, you know. ” “Really, we cant,” my husband replied. “Of course you can.” She went on.” When I moved in two years ago, no one welcomed me, but I hope that I can make you feel at home.” She thrust the pie into my husbands hands. “Uh, well, you see,” he said, with a disappo

19、inted laugh,” we have been here four years and were moving. ” The women stared at him, dumbfounded, with her mouth open. “ Well,” she said, shrugging her shoulders with an air of resignation,” Enjoy it anyway! ” My husband and I laughed heartily, determining in the future to be better neighbors ours

20、elves. How did the woman think about her apple pie? (no more than 2 words.)_ Why did the woman treat the man to an apple pie? (no more than 5 words)_ The best.Making him feel at home.(C) To get an extra 14 years of life, dont smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alc

21、ohol in a proper amount. That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal List the four healthy habits. (no more than 10 words)_No smoking, eating fruits and vegetables, exercising and drinking properly.What is the best title for the passage?题型分析及应

22、试策略提问形式应试策略文章首段一段末二段首文章末段What is the main idea of the passage?What is the passage mainly about?2. 主旨大意题寻找主旨句What can be served as the best title of the passage?Problems dealing with Topic一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解

23、而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。主旨大意题常见设题方法1.The main idea /key point of this passage is is that_.2. The passage is mainly about _.3.The best title/headline for this passage is_.4. The topic/subject discussed in this passage is_.5. From the passage we can learn /conclude that_. 6.The last paragraph is chi

24、efly concerned with_7. Which of the following statements best express the main idea of the passage ?8. Which o f the following best states the theme o f the passage?主题句段落的主题通常由被称之为主题句（topic sentence）的句子来表示。功能_ _ _介绍段落的主题（topic）阐述控制概念(Controlling Idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。标题:段落中心的精炼表达形式。1、有明确主题句的段落标题的

25、拟定方式是：以表示主题句的词为核心，与表示控制概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为能高度概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。例如：Smoking cigarette can be an expensivehabit.主题： Smoking cigarette控制概念： can be an expensive habit标题：_The Expensive Habit of Smoking Cigarettes例2：Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world.主题：_控制概念：_标题：_Coff

26、eeis a universal beverage that is servedin different ways around the world.Coffee Around the World拟用标题不管采用何种方式，有一条原则应该遵守：绝对不能离开主题句所表达的主要概念。How to Find Topic Sentence？主题句通常是一段的第_ 句或_ 一句，偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性的文章如科普文章的时候，主题句尤其明显。有的文章无明显的主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中。1.主题句位于段首- 即先立论，后摆事实、讲道理的写作方法2.主题句位于段末-先摆事实，后做结论的手法。一末尾

27、演绎性段落（用倒三 ）来表示。归纳型段落 （正三角型 ）来表示。3. 主题句位于段落的中间主题句也可偶尔位于段落的中间，但不一定就在正中间。有时并非主题句，而是承上启下的过渡句在这种情况下，第二句便成了主题句。此外，主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。这种段落模式可用菱形（ ）来表示。这种图形可看作是 和 的合二为一 。这种段落是从支撑细节开始，发展到结论（出现主题句）。当主题句出现后，又进一步用细节支持说明，其安排程序是：次要-重要-次要。4.主题句隐含在段意之中。有些段落没有明显的主题句，其中心思想包含在各个句子中。根据已知细节，进行归纳，得出中心Exercises:(A). 某文首段：One

28、 thing Britain is famous for is pubs, and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of the thousands of pubs across the country! What is the best title of the passage? (no more than 4 words)_(B). 某文首段：Believe it or not, Americas favorite snack food is potato chips. There is a story

29、behind how it was first made .One might think that somewhere a genius thought up the first potato chips, but it didnt happen that way.末段：They gradually spread all over the world and have remained popular ever since. What is mainly discussed in the passage? (no more than 8 words)_Pubs in the UKHow po

30、tato chips became Americas favorite snack food. (C) Self-confidence is the difference between feeling unstoppable and feeling scared out of your brains. Your feeling of yourself has an enormous impact on what others think of you .The more self-confidence you have, the more likely it is that you will

31、 succeed. Although many of the factors affecting self-confidence are beyond your control, there are a number of things you can consciously do to build self-confidence What can be served as the best title of the passage? (no more than 5 words) _ _ _How to build confidence.How to make yourself confide

32、nt.Tips on keeping confident.What is the author going to discuss next?题型分析及应试策略提问形式应试策略吃透字面意思加工处理信息忠实原文线索Why?What can be inferred from?3. 逻辑推理题把握逻辑关系Exercises:(A)某文末段 The United States has witnessed some of the environment improvements over the last three decades and most environment trends in Europ

33、e are positive too. But the developing world, however, is a different story. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? (no more than 7 words)_ Environment trends in the developing world.(B) However, if parents are not unrealistic about what they expect their children to d

34、o, but are hopeful in a sensible way, the child may succeed in doing very wellespecially if the parents are very supportive to their children. Michael Li is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and arranging private piano and violin lessons fo

35、r him. They even drive him 50 kilometers twice a week for violin lessons. Michaels mother knows very little about music. Michaels father plays the trumpet(小号) in a large orchestra. However, he never makes Michael enter music competition if he is unwilling. According to the writer, why is Michael luc

36、ky? (no more than 7 words)_ For what reason does the author take Michael Li for example? (no more than 4 words)_Because his parents are supportive to him.To support his view. What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, or red? If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active pe

37、rson who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer grey and blue? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of

38、colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as we grow upwe are born with our preference. If you happen to love brown, you did so , as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you

39、 could see clearly. Colours do influence our moodsthere is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. 训 练 题 I On the other hand, black is depressing. A black bridge ov

40、er the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridges in the area-until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply; perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue. Light and bright

41、colours make people not only happier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better ,harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1. If you prefer grey and blue, what kind of people would you probably be? (no more than

42、 6 words)_2. How can a certain colour become our favorite one ?(no more than 8 words )_3. What do you think would be a proper title for the article?(no more than 4 words)_4. Why was the black bridge repainted green?(no more than 5 words)_ What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, or

43、 red? If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer grey and blue? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should

44、 know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as we grow upwe are born with our preference. If you happen to love brown, you did

45、so , as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly. Colours do influence our moodsthere is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. 1

46、. If you prefer grey and blue, what kind of people would you probably be? (no more than 6 words)_2. How can a certain colour become our favorite one ?(no more than 8 words )_3. What do you think would be a proper title for the article?(no more than 4 words)_4. Why was the black bridge repainted gree

47、n?(no more than 5 words)_ A quiet, shy and pessimistic person./ You tend to be a pessimist. What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, or red? If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer grey and blue? Then you

48、are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They t

49、ell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as we grow upwe are born with our preference. If you happen to love brown, you did so , as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly. Colours do influence our moodsthere is no doubt about it. A yel

50、low room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. 1. If you prefer grey and blue, what kind of people would you probably be? (no more than 6 words)_2. How can a certain colour become our favorite on

51、e ?(no more than 8 words )_3. Why was the black bridge repainted green?(no more than 5 words)_4. What do you think would be a proper title for the article?(no more than 4 words)_ We are born with our favorite.A quiet, shy and pessimistic person./ You tend to be a pessimist. On the other hand, black

52、is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridges in the area-until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply; perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink

53、 or baby blue. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better ,harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1. If you prefer grey and blue, what kind of people woul

54、d you probably be? (no more than 6 words)_2. How can a certain colour become our favorite one ?(no more than 8 words )_3. Why was the black bridge repainted green?(no more than 5 words)_4. What do you think would be a proper title for the article?(no more than 4 words)_ Because it caused more suicid

55、es. We are born with our favorite.A quiet, shy and pessimistic person./ You tend to be a pessimist.Color and our life. Have you ever had this terrible experiencelost in the mountains, you pick up your mobile phone to phone for help and found its out of power? Feeling desperate? Not if you have a spe

56、cial bag on your back. Scientists have built a backpack that turns the spring in your step into electricity for your cellphone. And, they say, its more comfortable than the average backpack. Inventors designed the backpack to make use of the natural up-and-down motion of a persons stride to generate

57、 electricity, either for immediate use or for storage. “As humans walk, they vault over their extended leg, causing the hip to rise five to seven centimeters on each step. Since the backpack is connected to the hip, it must be lifted five to seven centimeters,” said Lawrence Rome of the University o

58、f Pennsylvania. “It is this vertical movement of the backpack that ultimately powers the electricity generation.”训 练 题 II The backpack consists of two main partsa rigid frame strapped to the wearers back and a load plate suspended from this frame by springs. As the person walks along, the load plate

59、 slides up and down the frame. Attached to the load is o toothed bar that turns the gear of a generator affixed to the frame. As the bar turns the generators gear, it generates up to 7.4 Wattsenough juice to simultaneously power an MP3 player, a PDA, night vision goggles , a GPS locator, and a cellp

60、hone. The devicebased on the metal frame once popular in hiking packsadds just six pounds to a normal backpack. Rome says that number will come down in future designs. The springy pack also decreased the amount of force placed on the subjects shoulders, making the bag more comfortable. Because of th