英译汉八、定语从句的翻译

1、八、定语从句的翻译定语从句的译法 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,两类定语从句在翻译方法上基本类似, 因此我们把它们放在一起介绍。在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采用下列的翻译方法: 一、前 置 法二、后 置 法三、翻译成状语从句一、前 置 法 把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。 一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。例如: 例1.For example, one function of friendship

2、 seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. 例如, 友谊的一个作用似乎是支持我们在自己心目中的形象, 并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。 例2.A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school. 附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童，上托儿所可以得

3、到很多的益处。 二、后 置 法 当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修饰词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时, 一般遵循的原则是: 若保留先行词, 则在第二个分句中加以重复, 若省略, 则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然, 在实际的翻译过程中也有例外。 例1.Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not yet understand. 也许,光是某种电波,其性质我们尚不清楚。 例2.They are stri

4、ving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的, 在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 三、翻译成状语从句 英语中有些定语从句, 兼有状语从句的职能, 在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系, 说明原因、结果、让步、假设等关系, 翻译时应善于从英语原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系, 然后翻译成汉语中相应

5、的偏正复合句。例如: 例1.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. 他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。 例2.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. 如果认为理性知识不必由感性知识得来, 那他就是一个唯心主义者。 例3.Liquids, which contain no free electrons, are poor c

6、onductors of heat. 各种液体, 由于不含有自由电子, 是热的不良导体。 1. This is the first book of this kind I have ever come across.1这是我碰见的第一本这样的书。2. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant; but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.2他喜欢热情可爱的妹妹，不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。3. It is he who received the letter that an

7、nounced the death of her uncle.3是他接到的那封信，说她的叔叔去世了。4. There were men in the crowd who had stood there every day for a month.4在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。5. In a word, a true revolution is one that is devoted to human progress and that makes human progress the supreme object.5总之，真正的革命，致力于人类的进步，并以次作为最高目标。6.

8、Westminster Abbey, which is one of the oldest churches in Great Britain, contains the graves of many famous Englishmen.6维斯敏斯特教堂是大不列颠最古老的教堂之一，里面有许多英国知名人士的坟墓。7. For further particulars you had better apply to my brother, who has paid particular attention to the subject.7关于细节，你最好问我弟弟，因为他对这个问题特别留意。8. Th

9、ere was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.8这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所以他们都很喜欢。9. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.9她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。10. Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive th

10、eir families.10人们及其迫切的要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。翻译练习：1. He made a list of all the articles that are on the subject.1他把有关这个题目的现有的一切文章列了一个单子。2. His laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.2他富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。3. We live in a world where relations between states are relations of forces.3在我们所处的这

11、个世界上，国家之间的关系就是力量对比的关系。4. Last week I saw “Modern Times” with Charles Chaplin playing the leading role, which I think is one of the most amusing films.4上周我看了查理卓别林主演的摩登时代。我认为那是最有趣的影片之一。5. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.5我们知道，由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得清楚。6. Our President, who was busy all day long, never knew what fatigue was.6我们的总统虽然整天很忙