动词时态和语态总结课件市公开课获奖课件

1、动词的时态和语态第1页第1页动词时态 时态是谓语动词所表示动作或情况发生时间各种形式。它是“时”和“体”组合。“时”有现在、过去、未来、过去未来之分；“体”有普通、进行、完毕、完毕进行之别。见下表：第2页第2页时态体现在过去未来过去未来普通普通现在时普通过去时普通未来时普通过去未来时进行现在进行时过去进行时未来进行时过去未来进行时完毕 现在完毕时过去完毕时未来完毕时过去未来完毕时完毕进行现在完毕进行时过去完毕进行时未来完毕进行时过去未来完毕进行时第3页第3页 语态时态积极普通现在时普通过去时普通未来时.过去未来时过去完毕时现在完毕时未来完毕时现在进行时过去进行时v. /v.svedwill +

2、 vwould + v.had + Vp.phave /has + Vp.pwill have + Vp.pam /is / are + Vingwas /were + Ving第4页第4页一、普通现在时1.普通现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作或存在状态； He takes a walk after supper every day. He is our English teacher.客观真理、科学事实、格言；The sun rises in the east. Two plus two makes four.主语特性、性格、能力等。 He woks hard. The children dr

3、aw well.常见时间状语：often, sometimes, seldom, always, every day/month/ year第5页第5页 2.主句是普通未来时,时间、条件状语从句中用普通现在表示未来。如： Ill go there after I finish my work. If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there.3.在以here, there开头句子里，go, come等少数动词普通现在时表示正在发生动作。比如：There goes the bell.铃响了。 There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she come

4、s.她来了。4. 表示安排或计划好未来动作（普通只限于一些表移动动词，如go,come,leave, start,be ,arrive, begin, return, open, close, depart, end, sail, finish等）. The train starts at ten oclock in the morning. Supper is at five today.第6页第6页二、普通过去时1）表示特定过去时间内发生动作或存在情况，常与last week/year/ month/ spring, a few days ago, in 1998等时间状语以及when等连

5、词引导时间状语从句连用。We had a good swim last Sunday.When I was young, I took cold baths regularly.2）叙述过去连续发生一件件事。 He got up early in the morning, fetched water, swept the yard and then went out to work.3）表过去某一时间内经常发生或重复发生动作或行为。 When my brother was a teenager, he played table tennis almost everyday.4）在条件、时间状语

6、从句中表示过去未来动作。 They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.第7页第7页三. 普通未来时 普通未来时表示未来要发生动作和存在情况。有下列一些形式：1.will/shall +do （侧重未来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事，与tomorrow，next week, soon,in 等连用）表示将会出现动作或状态。My daughter will be twelve years old tommorrow.表示经常发生动作。We shall work in this factory every day.

7、“will+动词原形”表示事物固有属性或必定趋势、倾向。Fish will die without water.第8页第8页表示说话过程中所做决定。 The phone is ringing Ill answer it.2. be going to do表示已经决定或安排好要做某事。 We are going to visit the Museum of Chinese History.依据某种迹象认为在最近或将要发生某事。Tom studies very hard, and he is going to try for a scholarship. 第9页第9页 3. be about to

8、+动词原形表示即将发生动作，意为“正要、即将”。 The English evening is about to begin.不可与详细未来时间副词或副词性短语、但能够同由as /when引导时间状语从句连用。She was about to go to cinema when I came. 4. be to do 1)(按计划或安排即将发生) The boys are to go to school next week. He and I are to meet at the Shanghai Railway Station.第10页第10页这种结构也可用于过去，was / were to

9、 do sth表示曾经计划要做事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示命运（即命中注定要发生事），而非计划；was / were to have done sth 表示未曾实现计划。 I felt nervous, I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很紧张，由于我不久就要初次离开家了。They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告了别，不知道以后再也不会见面了。We were to have told you, but you were not

10、 in. 我们本想告诉你，但你不在家。第11页第11页2）表示“应当”，相称于should ,ought to ， You are to report to the police. What is to be done?应当怎么办呢？3) 表示“必须”， 相称于must ，have to The letter is to be handed to him in person.4) You are to do your homework before you watch TV.表示“想，打算”，相称于intend,want ，If we are to be there before ten, w

11、ell have to go now.第12页第12页 5)用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。 Am I to go on with the work? What are we to do next?6)用于否认句，表示“严禁”， 相称于“mustnt” The books in this room are not to be taken outside.7)表示“也许，能够”， 相称于may, can The news is to be found in the evening paper. Such people are to be found everywhere. 第13页第13页

12、 四、现在进行时1.表示说话时正在进行而尚未完毕动作或状态。We are having an English lesson.2.表示现阶段始终在进行动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。The workers are building a new factory.3.有时可表示即将发生动作（只限于go, come, stay, leave, start, begin, arrive, return, fly, drive等动词）这时常有一个表示未来时间状语。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see

13、me this Saturday.这个星期六我父亲要来看我。第14页第14页3.代替普通现在时，描绘愈加生动。比如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。4. 表示重复出现或习惯性动作，常表示不满、埋怨或赞赏等情感。常与always, forever, all the time, continually, constantly等时间副词连用, 如： He is always thinking of others first. He is alwa

14、ys making the same mistake.5.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。第15页第15页五、过去进行时1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。He was preparing his lecture all day yester

15、day.2. 表示过去某一阶段始终在进行动作，但说话时不一定在进行。They were digging a railway tunnel last week.3. 表示从过去某一时间角度，看将要发生动作（用于一些动词 go, come, stay, leave, start, begin, arrive, return, fly, drive等动词）They are leaving a few days later.4.与always、frequently等副词连用，表示感情色彩。He was always asking her questions.第16页第16页六、过去未来时 1.woul

16、d/should+动词原形表从过去某一时间来看将要发生动作或将要存在状态。通惯用于其主语谓语为过去时态宾语从句中。 They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. I told her I should return the book in a few days. 2.过去未来时表示办法与普通未来时同样，只是相关动词要用过去时形式。 I was about to go out when the telephone rang. He told me he was going to learn another foreign language. 2 .

17、 was/were+不定式表示过去未来时间安排，假如这个安排以后被取消，没有实现，则用was/ were +to +have done表示。 She told me that she was to plant some trees in the yard. We were to have left at six last night. 第17页第17页 七、未来进行时 1）表示在未来某一时间正在进行动作； They will be meeting us at the station. I will be seeing Mr Smith tomorrow. 2）表示原因、结果或猜想；Please

18、 come tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow morning Ill be having a meeting.Stop the child or he will be falling over.You will be making a mistake. 3）用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌；Will you be reading anything else? When shall we be meeting again? 4）表示稍后一点安排 My duties will end in July and I will be returning to Shanghai.第18页第

19、18页八、现在完毕时 1.表示过去发生动作对现在产生影响或结果，或说话时已完毕动作，常与so far, inthe past/ last few years, recently, lately, twice, for two years, how long, since (ago) 用。比如：I have finished one third of the report so far. She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在动作或状态，往往和“for”, “since”表述一段时间状语连用。比如：He has learned English for s

20、ix years./ They have worked here since they left college.第19页第19页九、过去完毕时1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完毕动作,常与by (the end of)+过去时间状语，by then等时间状语连用, 也可用before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，还可通过上下文来表示。 He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning. By then he had learned English

21、for 3 years.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始始终延续到另一个过去时刻才完毕，甚至还要继续下去。比如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.第20页第20页3.惯用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词过去完毕时来表示未实现希望、打算或意图。比如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.4用于hardl

22、y / scarcely / barely had . donewhen和no soonerhad.done.than引导复合句主句中，惯用倒装语序。When 和than从句里用普通过去时，表示“刚刚、就、” Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.我们刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 我们才刚刚开动，汽车轮胎就漏气了 第21页第21页5. It was / had been + 一段时间+ since从句.

23、 Since 从句中谓语动词用过去完毕时。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们没这样高兴了。6. This / That / It was the first / second .time + that 从句。 that从句中谓语动词用过去完毕时。 It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样错误了。 That was the first time (that) I had passed the exam. 那是我第一次

24、考试及格。第22页第22页 十、未来完毕时 用来表示在未来某个时刻（前）将完毕动作。往往对未来某一时间产生影响，常于表未来时间状语连用。 We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term。往往和时间或条件状语从句连用。If you come at seven oclock, I shall not yet have finished dinner.第23页第23页十一、现在完毕进行时1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始始终连续到现在（或此后还要继续一去）动作。完毕进行体是完毕体和进行体组合，因此，它具备完毕体和进行体一些原因，如它

25、具备进行体“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。比如：He has been learning English for 6 years.（从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学）It has been raining for three days.（强调说话者埋怨感情色彩）2.但凡不能用于现在进行时动词均不能用于现成完毕进行时。 第24页第24页动词语态语态积极语态被动语态积极语态和被动语态转化被动语态基本结构各种时态被动语态被动语态使用办法一、知识结构图：第25页第25页 二、基本吋态被动语态 1. 普通现在时被动语态：am (is, are) + 过去分词 2. 普通过去时被动语态：was (were) + 过去分词 3. 普通未来时被动语态：will be + 过去分词 4. 过去未来时被动语态：would be + 过去分词 5. 现在进行时被动语态：am (is, are) being + 过去分词 6. 过去进行时被动语态：was (were) being + 过去分词 7. 现在完毕时被动语态：has (have) been + 过去分词 8. 过去完毕时被动语态：had been + 过去分词 第26页第26页三、含情态动词被动语态 1. 其结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。如： Th