如何分析英语句子结构市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、句子成份与句子结构第1页一、要搞清楚英语句子结构，我们先要搞清楚组成一个句子各个组成部分，即句子成份： 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语概念。1、主语：是一个句子所要说明人和事物，是一句主体。如 I study English中 I。作主语有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。2、谓语：它是说明主语动作或状态，如 I study English中 study.作谓语有：及物动词或及物动词短语。第2页(一). 指出以下句中主语中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

2、There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. teacher man dictionary To do第3页(二). 选出句中谓语中心词 (10分，10分钟) I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. picture D. wall The days get lon

3、ger and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C. goD. bus We had better send for a doctor. A. WeB. hadC. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. giveB. did

4、C. whom D. book B A C C A A 第4页3、宾语：它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用对象，如 I study English 中English和He makes full use of his spare time to study中his spare time.介词后名词或代词，叫做介词宾语，如He went away with no words中no words.作宾语有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。第5页 My brother hasnt done his homework.AB CD People all over the world speak

5、 English. AB CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B CD D D B 第6页4、表语：它是放在连系动词之后表示主语身份或特征，如 That sounds a good idea中a good idea.作表语有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。第7页 The old man was feeling very tired. A B CD Why is he worried about Jim?AB C D The leaves have turned ye

6、llow. A B CD DBD第8页5、定语：它是限定名词或代词用，作定语有：名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如the polluted river中polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中polluted by chemicals.第9页 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D What is your given name?A B CD On the third lap are Class 1 and C

7、lass 3. A B CD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. AB CD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A BCD定语 C C A B B D第10页6、状语：它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用。如I like it very much中very 修饰much,而much 又修饰like。 状语说明时间、地点、原因、目标、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位

8、于句首或句尾，但表频率或程度副词应位于句中be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。地点和时间应按先小后大次序。第11页There was a big smile on her face.A B CD Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B CD The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. A B CD D A D D 挑出以下句中状语 第12页7、补足语：补充说明句中主语或者宾语

9、，作补足语有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）。如I find it interesting中interesting.8、同位语：把一个名词（短语）、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者性质或情况，这么名词或代词叫同位语。如We Chinese people ，love peace中Chinese people是主语We同位语.第13页 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B CD He asked her to take the boy out of scho

10、ol. A B CD She found it difficult to do the work.A B CD They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D C C C C挑出以下句中宾语补足语 第14页Take a break!第15页二、按照句子结构来分，英语句子有以下三种类型：1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the even

11、ing.2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起组成。如：It is late , so we must hurry.第16页3、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上从句。如：If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that prevention is better than cure. 从以上并列句和复合句例句来看，我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句经过并列连词或隶属连词连接起来。所以，只要我们掌握了简单句几个基本句型，我们就能够经过在句中寻找起连接作用连词来分析复杂句子。第17页三、简单句五种基本句型：

12、 1、主语+连系动词+表语 如：Im not feeling well today.Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 连系动词有：be, seem, appear, keep, prove, turn out/look, feel,sound, smell, taste/become, grow, get, turn, go, come (true), fall (ill, asleep)第18页2、主语+不及物动词（或短语）（+状语） 如：The sun rises in the east.The Opium War（鸦片战争） b

13、roke out in 1839.3、主语+及物动词（或短语）+宾语 如：They decided to hold a class meeting.We depend on our parents for food and clothing. 第19页4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 如：My father bought me an electronic dictionary.Mr Wang teaches us chemistry. 用于此句型动词有buy, find, bring, give, teach, pass, show, tell, do, leave, get, lend

14、, lose（使失去）, cost(使付出代价）, offer, promise, sing, write, deny, envy.He denies his wife nothing.第20页5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 如：Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. The boy made his sister cry.Our teacher encouraged us to work hard.Our headteacher required us not to be late for class第21页.1)、接

15、名词作补足语动词有：call, choose, think, consider, believe, find, make, etc.2)、接动词不定式作补足语动词有：see, watch, notice, let, have, hear, make; ask, tell, order, require, want, advise, persuade, cause, encourage, permit (allow), forbid, teach.不能用于此结构动词有：suggest, demand, hope, agree.3)、接形容词作补足语动词有：think, believe, find

16、, feel, consider,keep,leave,make,get,paint,wish,drive.第22页 以上五种基本句型中主语、宾语、表语都可扩展成对应从句，从而成为复合句。同时，复合句中主、从句也是由以上五种基本句型组成。如： What he says doesnt agree with what he does.Why he came late is that his bike broke down on the way.It occurred to me that I had much homework to do.He promised me that he would

17、attend the lecture.What has made the city what it is now?第23页 另外，句子采取哪一句型，完全取决于谓语动词使用方法.所以，动词使用方法是我们平时复习重点。如：1).最近几年我们故乡发生了巨大改变。 In the last few years,great changes have taken place in our hometown.2).昨晚在十字路口发生了一起严重交通事故。 A serious traffic accident happened/occurred/came about atthe crossing yesterday evening. 第24页3).我突然想到一个绝妙主意。 An excellent idea occurred to me.4).这家餐馆昨晚发生了一场火灾。 A fire broke out in the restaurant last night.5).听到这个激感