【课件】基本句型简单句并列句和复合句课件 2022-2023学年初高中英语句子的构建

1、英语句子的构建学会划分句子成分是学好语法的必备技能常见错误句子1. My poor English makes me cant communicate with others.2. There are many experts will attend the meeting.3. While read, pay attention to your pronunciation.4. They collected 5000 tents, half of them were sent to the earth-stricken area. 英语重形合，汉语重意合 1. I met my best f

2、riend Tom at the station yesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语动作的发出者，表示“什么人”或“什么事物”主 语 The baby is sleeping.She often gets up early.Smoking is bad for health. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book. -名词-代词-动名词-不定式-从句说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语组成。主谓要一致谓 语 I love you.He has been to Shanghai.（1）简单谓语 The breeze brushe

3、d her cheek. He practices playing the piano every evening.（2）复合谓语：由“情态动词/助动词+动词原形” 或“系动词+表语” I dont know the reason why the house is so dirty. （“助动词+动词原形”构成复合谓语。） He might be able to speak English. （“情态动词+动词原形”构成复合谓语。） 动作动作发出者动作承受者授新课主宾谓I love you.宾 语 He is looking at the dog.表示动作的对象，动作的承受者。动宾介宾He g

4、ave me a cat.双宾语主谓宾宾表 语 位于系动词之后，表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样” Her mother is a teacher.主系动词表The flower smells sweet. Seeing is believing.定 语 修饰名词或代词an apple treesomething important a beautiful girl The girl with long hair is beautiful. The girl who has long hair is my sister.修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、

5、伴随、目的等。状 语 I study hard at school every day to get good grades. 主谓状语地点状语时间状语目的状语宾 补 对宾语进行补充说明Rainy days make me sad.主谓宾宾补主语 谓语（不及物动词） She came/ My head aches.主语 谓语（及物动词） 宾语 She likes English.主语 谓语（双宾动词） 间宾直宾 She gave John a book She bought a book for me.主语 谓语（宾补动词） 宾语宾补 She makes her mother angry Th

6、e teacher asked me to read the passage.主语 系动词 表语 She is happyThere +be There lies a book on the desk.英语中的基本句型nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-ed主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lVi名词 / 代词 /The + adj V-ing / 从句 / 不定式名词 / 代词 /The + adj V-ing / 从句 / 不定式英语句子基本成分示意图be / feel / seem / lookappear / lie become /ge

7、t / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclause1.时态，语态2.情态动词+do谓语Predicate一个简单句有且只有一个谓语。I afraid its too late.Get up early is good for our health. 谓语缺失I am afraid its too late. 双谓语Getting up early is good for our health.练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。M

8、y favorite sport is play football.His parents wanted him work hard.I saw him walked into the building.There are four girls live in that house.练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。playingMy favorite sport is play football.to workHis parents wanted him work hard.walkingI saw him walked into the building.livingThere are f

9、our girls live in that house.定 语She likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of picturess简单句的扩展基本句型 + 附属成分（定语、状语）状 语She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.1. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the hall full.2.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教

10、师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers.3. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers，listening to an important report.4. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important rep

11、ort made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.容易出错的简单句 With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. Permitted, well visit the Summer Palace. with结构做状语，相当于If time permits, 独立主格结构做状语，相当于If time permits, 过去分词做状语，相当于I

12、f we are permitted, 1.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the dayA. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished2.The meeting _over, we all left the room and drove homeA. isB. to be C. being D. would be3.There _no bus, we had to walk home. A. being B. to beC

13、. wasD. been解析：选B。此处考查独立主格结构。如选D项，their lessons前应加连词，所以D项不对；又由于their lessons与finish之间为动宾（被动）关系，所以A、C两项不对，选B属于独立主格结构。 BcAExercises (hear) the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.When they (hear) the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.Autumn (come) on, some birds fly south.When autumn

14、 (come) on, some birds fly south.Seen from the space, the earth (look) blue.When it is seen from the space, the earth (look) blue. (work) hard, you will pass the exam. (work) hard and you will pass the exam.HearingheardcomingcomeslookslooksWorkingWork并列句用分号：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.

15、用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.简单句+并列连词或分号+简单句并列句常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor,

16、 eitheror, neither norExercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers

17、skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.1. I enjoy music；he (be) is fond of playing guitar. 2. The two words (spell)differently, but pronounced the same.3. Not only the fur coat is soft, it is also warm. 4. The snow began to fall, we went home. 5. Work hard, you will fail the final exam.6. I took up the

18、 brush, using the correct gesture, _ (dip) it in the ink, and carefully wrote “one” in Chinese. isspelledbutsoordipped复合句副词性从句（状语从句）：Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry形容词性从句（定语从句）：She is the girl who sings best in my class.名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）What I mean is to work harder.简单句+从

19、属连词+简单句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句I dont knowhim.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.宾语从句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washi

20、ngton.whether he is leaving for Washington.复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主语That he didnt know the answerin the room.定语who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句That is the fact

21、.表 语what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.表语从句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地点状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three ye

22、ars ago.用所给连词连接句子。He has found out. She was late. (why)He has found out why she was late.I still remember the day. I first went to York on that day. (when)I still remember the day when I first went to York.将下面句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。PracticeHe didnt come yesterday. He was ill. (原因)He didnt come yesterday

23、because he was ill.1. _ he said so made us angry . _ he said at the meeting made us angry.2. A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do. 3. 中国不再是过去的样子了。4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. whereThatWhatChina is no longer _ it used

24、 to be .whatwhatHe has three daughters, one of them is a nurse.He has three daughters. One of them is a nurse.He has three daughters; one of them is a nurse.He has three daughters, and one of them is a nurse.He has three daughters, one of whom is a nurse.语篇填空Dear Mr. Smith, _(我很高兴地了解到)our English learning club is going to start an English magazine. It is really a wonderful idea and Im sure _(这将会成功。) I think it should be better if the school