Lung anatomy-肺解剖基础(肺小叶)课件

1、Basic anatomy of the lungxuhaiIntroduction understand the CT features of lung diseasesdetermine the distribution pattern of the diseaseanatomical organisation of the bronchial treethe pulmonary blood vessels the lymphaticsthe anatomy of the interstitium subsegmental structures of the lung, particula

2、rly the pulmonary lobuleAnatomic Organisation of the bronchial TreeAnatomic Organisation of the bronchial Treetracheamain bronchi lobar bronchi segmental bronchi subsegmental bronchi smaller bronchi terminal bronchi brki bronchiolesbrkiul trachea to the alveoli 23 generations（不对称）Difference（ bronchi

3、 bronchioles ）bronchi contain cartilage and glands in their wallsthe bronchioles do notBronchioles（small airway）the membranous bronchioles (lobular and terminal)the respiratory bronchiolesDiameter 2 mm（small/large airway）airways less than 2 mm in diameter are below the resolution of HRCT images The

4、lobular bronchioles enter the core of the secondary pulmonary lobule and divide into a number of terminal bronchioles according to the size of the lobule. The terminal bronchioles conduct air without gas exchange. the respiratory bronchioles rise from the terminal bronchioles, not only are conductin

5、g but are also involved in gas exchange. alveolar ducts have so many alveoli originating from their wall that there is virtually no wall structure between the alveolar orifices. alveolar sacs The alveolar ducts finally lead into the alveolar sacs containing several alveoli 小叶细支气管-终末细支气管（传气）-呼吸性细支气管（

6、传气+换气）-肺泡管（换气）-肺泡囊（含有很多肺泡）Communication Adjacent alveoli originating from different air sacs communicate through the pores of KohnAnatomic Organisation of the Blood VesselsThe pulmonary circulationThe systemic circulation The Blood Vessels-pulmonary arterysimilar to the branching of the airwaysfor e

7、ach airway branch there is a corresponding arterythere are many artery branches that do not accompany any portion of the airway called（supernumerary arteries）the ratio airway（2-3）the ratio the pulmonary artery（3-4）The Blood Vessels-pulmonary veinformed by conuence of pulmonary venules at the periphe

8、ry of the secondary pulmonary lobulerun through the interlobular septa and through more central connective tissue sheets.The Blood Vessels-bronchial arteriesbelong to the systemic circulation. distributed to the pleura accompany the bronchi to the level of the terminal bronchioleIn the periphery, the bronchial arteries also anastomose and drained by the pulmonary venous system. The Blood Vessels-bronchial veinsexist as a distinct set of vessels only in the hilar region drain blood from the hilar structures and walls of the major bronchi into the azy