中考英语语法第20讲课件-祈使句、感叹句、反义疑问句、it、倒装句

1、指导交流课指导交流课感叹句感叹句表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种：一种以what引导，一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号“！”通常用感叹号。例：What a clever boy he is！ 多么聪明的男孩啊！例：How clever the boy is！ 这个男孩多聪明啊！表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种：一种以wWhat引导的感叹句！what-名词What引导的感叹句！what-名词what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式： 1. What +a(an) +（形容词）+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！如： What a big apple this is

2、! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What kind women they are! What nice music it is! what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：How引导的感叹句how-形容词，副词How引导的感叹句how-形容词，副词How引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！ How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is w

3、riting! 注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 How the runner runs! How引导的感叹句。what与how引导的感叹句，可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! What a beautiful building it is!=How beautiful the building is! 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如： What a nice present!（省略it is） How disappointed!（省略she

4、 is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语） what与how引导的感叹句，可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。1._good weather it is!A.What a B.What C.How2._beautiful she is !A.What a B.What C.HowBC1._good weather it is!A.Wha反义疑问句反义疑问句前肯后否前否后肯Jim is doing his homework, isnt he?Tom wasnt watching TV at 8 yesterday, was he?You went to Beijing yesterday, didnt he?

5、You knew nothing about him, did you?There is little water in the cup, is there?There are a few apples in the bag, arent there?前肯后否前否后肯Jim is doing his home反意疑问句的一般情况1.Tom is good at English, isnt he?2. Mike likes playing basketball, doesnt he?3. I can play basketball, cant I ?4. My father has been t

6、o Beijing twice, hasnt he ?5. This/that is a table, isnt it? (these, those- they)反意疑问句的一般情况1.Tom is good at Eng 反意疑问句特殊情况1,当陈述部分含有little/few/never/hardly/seldom/no/neither/nobody/nothing,none等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。She has few friends, does she?She has never been there,has she?There was nothing in the

7、 box, was there?None of us knows it, do we? 反意疑问句特殊情况2,当陈述部分否定意义的词如：unhappy, dislike,careless 等含有否定词缀在派生词时，仍按肯定句对待，疑问部分用否定形式。He looks unhappy today, doesnt he ?The girl dislikes history ,doesnt she?2,当陈述部分否定意义的词如：unhappy, dislik3，陈述部分为I think/ believe/ suppose 引导的宾语从句，疑问部分根据从句的情况及整句所表达的肯定或否定意义来完成。I

8、think he is at home isnt he?I dont believe Tom can succeed, can he ?3，陈述部分为I think/ believe/ suppo4,当陈述部分是there be句型时，There are some apples. arent there?There will be robots in peoples home in the future, wont there?5,省略的感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定形式，并用be 的一般现在时。What a clever boy， isnt he?What beautiful girls,

9、arent they?4,当陈述部分是there be句型时，6,祈使句的反意疑问句Please close the door, wont you?Dont close the door, will you?Let 开头的祈使句Lets go, shall we?Let us go, will you?7， 陈述部分是I am.，疑问部分要用 arent I. Im as tall as your sister，arent I ？6,祈使句的反意疑问句8,陈述部分有have to +v.原 (had to + v.原)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。 We have to

10、 get there at eight, dont we?9，陈述部分若为主从复合句，疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。She said he would come tomorrow, didnt she?He told us how to get to the farm, didnt he?8,陈述部分有have to +v.原 (had to + 前否后肯的反意疑问句如何回答1.It is a fine day ,isnt it?Yes, it is. No, it isnt.2. It isnt a fine day, is it?Yes(不), it is. No(是的), it i

11、snt.注意：永远不可能出现yes后面跟否定形式或者no 后面永远不可能跟肯定形式的情况。前否后肯的反意疑问句如何回答1.It is a fine dit的特殊用法it的特殊用法It作形式主语It作形式主语Itiswas形容词（forof sb）动词不定式短语 对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of，一般遵循这样的规则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词，如：difficult， easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等则用of。 Itiswas形容词（forof sb）动词

12、不It is interesting to play with snow in winter冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 Its important for us to keep the water clean保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 Its very kind of you to say so你这样说真是太好了。 It is interesting to play with这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。 Its a good habit to get up early and go to bed early早睡早起是好习惯。 It m

13、ust be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 It feels strange to have a twin sister有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。 这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它Itiswas形容词从句 It is certain that he will come他一定会来。 Its true that he may fall behind the other students他真的可能落后于其他同学。 It is strange that he should say so他居

14、然这么说，真是奇怪。 Itiswas形容词从句 It is certain其他it作形式主语1.It is was ones turn（duty，pleasure） to do sth意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。如： Its your turn to be on duty tomorrow明天轮到你值日了。 2.It takes（sb）some time to do sth意为“（某人）花时间做某事”。如： It took me a week to finish reading the book我花了一周时间看完这本书。 其他it作形式主语1.It is was

15、ones 3.It costcosts sbsome money to do sth译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如： It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch我买这块新手表花了260元。 4.It seems seemed 从句。译为“看起来好像”，此结构可以转换成“seem 动词不定式”形式。如： It seems that he is illHe seems to be ill看起来他好像病了。 3.It costcosts sbsome monIt作形式宾语It作形式宾语it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语谓语it宾语补足语动词不定式动名词从句。该句型中

16、宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。 中考英语语法第20讲课件-祈使句、感叹句、反义疑问句、it、倒装句He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。 We think it no good reading in bed我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。 I think it necessary that we have the meeting我认为开这个会是必要的。 He found it not easy to learn 倒装句倒装句常见的倒装句形式1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/

17、 lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装。如:There once lived an old hunter in the house. 这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。There seems to be many listeners. 似乎有很多听众。 常见的倒装句形式1. 存在句(there be/ live/2. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首(经常与go, come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。如:Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如:Here they

18、are. 他们在这儿。2. 副词here, there, now, then等置于3. 当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助词/ 情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致。如:I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。So has he. 他也做完了。I havent seen that film. 我没看过那部电影。Neither (Nor) have I. 我也没有。3. 当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/ 4. not only. but also.连接两个

19、并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如:Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed. 他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。4. not only. but also.连接两个练习题练习题1.Sorry，Joe. I didnt mean to.Dont call me “Joe” .Im Mr. Parker to you，and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont答案：D。2.Turn o

20、n the television or open a magazine and you_ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen答案：A。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句3.Stand over there，_ youll be able to see it better.A. or B. while C.but D. and答案：祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句1

21、.Sorry，Joe. I didnt mean to4.English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it？Yes._ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Knew答案：A。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句。5.Lose one hour in the morning，_you will be looking for it the rest of th

22、e day.A. but B. and C. or D. so答案：B。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句4.English has a large vocabul6_badtheweatheris!AHow BWhat CWhata DHowa答案：A。7_goodnewsitis!AHow BWhata CHowa DWhat答案：D。6_badtheweatheri8_thesunshineis!AWhatabright BHowabright CHowbright Dwhatbright答案：C。9_hewrites.AHowgood BHowwell CWh

23、atgood DWhatwell答案：B。10_LiLeiruns!AWhatfastboy BWhatfast CHowfast DHowafast答案：C。8_thesunshineis11. Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,_A. dont they B. didnt they C. did they D. do they答案：C。前面有few表示否定的词，后面的疑问结构用肯定。12. His sister had a bad cough, _she?A. wasnt B. doesnt C. hadnt D.

24、 didnt答案：D。前肯后否。11. Few of them hurt themselve15. The lady couldnt say a word when she saw the snake,_?A. could the lady B. couldnt the lady C. could she D. couldnt she答案：C。16. Tina is unhappy now,_?A. isnt she B. is she C. is he D.did she答案：A。有前缀变的否定含义的词前面的句子依然当成肯定句。15. The lady couldnt say a wo13.

25、 John can hardly understand any Chinese, _he?A. Cant B. doesnt C. can D. does答案：C。前面有hardly表示否定的词，后面的疑问结构用肯定。14. Dont smoke in the meeting-room,_?A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you答案：B。前面是祈使句用will you。13. John can hardly understand17. Everything will be OK, _ ?A. will it B. wont it C. wil

26、l they D. wont they 解析：B。Everthing做主语，疑问结构中用it。18. He said I was hardworking, _?A. did he B. didnt he C. was I D. wasnt I 解析：B。主从复合句用主句变附加疑问句。17. Everything will be OK, _19. I dont think he made things worse, _?A. do I B. dont I C. did he D. didnt he答案：C。由I think等引导的从句要看从句来变附加疑问句。20. -Youve never se

27、en dinosaur eggs, have you ?-_. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent C. Certainly, I have D. Of course, I havent答案：B。19. I dont think he made thin21. I dont think _ difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years.A. that B. it C. too D. very答案：B。It是形式主语真正主语是后面的不定式。22. It is _of you to cheat in the exam.A. dangerous B. difficult C. foolish D. kind 答案：C。It is+形容人的形容词+of sb to do sth。21. I dont think _ diffi23. _ is very clear to everyone that he is round and tall like a tree. A. This B. What C. That D. It答案:D。It