英语考试试题讲解

1、文档编码 : CL8B5R5W6K8 HF1Z1C8V10J4 ZQ5C9S9X1M102022年 10 月 物流英语考试试题讲解一讲解I ；语法、词汇部分1. The aim of management is to minimize the amount of material in stock. A.invention B. inventive C. inventory D. inventiveness 答案： C 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；考查物流专业词汇；第一看题干：（）治理的目的是降库存中物料的数量降到最低；依据物流学问,应当知道（）中需要填写“库存 ” ；然后看选项,A. 制造制造；

2、 B. 制造的； C. 库存；D. 制造才能；因此答案为 C；2. Dont forget to refer to the book ERP in the of planning resources in your enterprise. A. way B. route C. process D. proceed 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；考查近义词辨析；第一看题干：在为你的企业制定资源方案的（）中,别忘了参考 ERP；依据句子所要表达的意思,应当在括号中填写 C. 过程； D. 进行；因此答案为 C；“过程 ”；再看选项, A. 方法、途径； B. 路线；3. The expenses wil

3、l be for your account if you place an order of 100,00 tons of roll steel at a time. My workshop uses only ten tons a month. A. stocking B. store C. storage D. stored 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；考查对词形变化的懂得以及物流专业词语；第一看题干：假如你在自己那里一次存放 1 万吨轧钢,那么（）的费用可是由你自己承担；我的工厂一个月才用 10 吨轧钢；看选项；四个选项中三个分别为动词 store （贮存）及其衍生词；A.stocking

4、长袜,可以直接排除；B.store（贮存）动词； C.storage, 名词； D. 过去式； 库存的储备费用, 是指储备这件事情的费用,因此应当使用名词形式；因此正确答案为 C；4. Logistics was formerly called physical . A. Position B. distribution C. setting D. distribute 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；第一看题干：物流过去被称为物理（）；括号中应为配送；再看选项；A. 位置；B. 配送 C. 设置； D. 配送（动词）；因此正确答案为 B；5. Weve studied all our catalog

5、s. A. competitors B. competitor C. competitor D. competitors【讲解】此题属于语法题；第一看题干：我们已经争论了我们（竞争对手的）产品目录；名词的全部格形式是 “ 名词 s”,假如名词本身以S 结尾或者复数形式加了S,那么全部格形式为“ 名词 s”；返回来看句子,依据实际情形,一般竞争对手都不只一个,因此正确答案为D；6. There is, however, a well-defined order in which the components can be installed in the vehicle most . A. ef

6、ficient B. efficiently C. effectively D effective 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；第一看题干：然而,步骤很清晰,保证设备车辆的零部件能够最（）组装起来；依据选项知道（）里面是“ 有效地 ”；看选项,辨析 efficient 和 effective,； efficient 强调效率,也就是说正确且快速； effective 强调成效,效力；依据题干的意思,应当选择效率,而不是效力,又需要选择副词；形容词变成副词的最常见形式就是“形容词 ly ”,排除 A；因此正确答案为 B；7. Excuse me, but I don t quite you. I m

7、 confused. A. feel B. help C. follow D. touch 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；第一看题干：对不起,我没有（）你；我糊涂了；通过前后两个半句,应当可以推断出,说话人想要表达的意思是,没有搞明白；再看选项：A. 感觉； B. 帮忙； C. 跟从； D. 接触；当别人说话的时候,你应当始终留意听,跟着说话人的思路走；假如你走神了,或者没听懂,就没能够跟上说话者的思路；因此,英语的表达方法是,I dont follow you. 其实就是说 “ 我没听明白 ” ；因此正确答案为C；8. Inventories are frequently found in suc

8、h places warehouses, yards, shop floors, transportation equipment, and on retailstore shelves. A. as B. like C. which D. where 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；第一看题干：存货通常可以在以下地方找到,（）仓库、空场、商店、运输设备和零售货架上；依据题干,（）中应当填写“例如 ” ；我们熟识的就是such as和 like ；这时应当留意题干中的 “ such”,因此正确答案是A；9. Holding inventories fosters economies in and tr

9、ansportation. A. purchase B. purchased C. purchasing D. purchases 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；与第三题类似；第一看题干：持有库存能促进（）和运输中的节约；依据选项,可以推断出（）中应当填写“ 选购 ”；作为名词, “选购 ” 的英文是 purchasing,因此正确答案是：C；10. Just why a firm might want inventories at some level in their operations and why they would also want to keep them at a minimu

10、m. A. consider B. considering C. considered D. considers 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；与第三题类似；第一看题干：（摸索）为什么公司在运作中需要确定的库存同时仍想将库存量最小；此句为祈使句,省略主语,直接以动词原形开头；因此正确答案是 A；11. Packaging should protect the goods damage during handling, storing and transportation. A. for B. at C. from D. about 【讲解】此题属于语法题；第一看题干：包装应当爱惜货物在储存和运输过程

11、中（）损耗；四个选项为介词,与 protect联合使用；依据题干,应当是“爱惜货物远离损耗” ,即 protect from ；因此正确答案是：C 12. Our manager suggests that we load the goods as soon as possible. A. must B. need C. should D. would 【讲解】此题属于语法题；第一看题干：我们的经理建议我们（）尽快装载货物；（）内应当填写“ 应当 ”；再看选项,表示应当的选项是should；而且, suggest that sbshoulddo,可以懂得为一种祈使句,建议做某事；因此正确答案是

12、C；13. He spends most of his spare time logistics. A. to study B. on study C. study D. studying 【讲解】 此题属于语法题； 第一看题干： 他把大部分时间都花在（）物流上； 依据选项, （）中应当填写 “ 学习” ；四个选项分别为 study 的四种形式；应当依据题干结构进行选择,即 spend time doing,花时间做某事；因此正确答案是 D ；14. In the average manufacturing firm in North America, purchased goods and

13、services account approximately 55 cents of every sales dollar. A. to B. from C. for D. in 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；第一看题干：对于北美的一般制造公司来说,所选购的产品和服务的花费占到了销售额的 55% ；此题考查的是account for, “ 占“；因此正确答案是C；15. He always wants everything in a hurry. A. done B. doing C. to do D. do 【讲解】此题属于语法题；第一看题干：他总是想让全部的事情就连忙（做完）；依据句意,做完,应

14、当用过去分词 done ；从语法结构看,done 是 everything的补语；因此正确答案是A；16. The quality of finished goods and services is obviously upon the quality of the materials and parts used in producing those items. A. depend B. dependence C. dependent D. depended 【讲解】此题属于语法兼词汇题；第一看题干：很明显,最终产品和服务的质量（依靠于）生产过程中所用材料的质量；选项为 depend（动词

15、原形）及其各种形式；我们都知道 depend on 这个词组；不过请留意,这道题略微转变了一些, 动词改成了 is, 因此 depend 也要变成形容词, 即 be dependent on/upon；因此正确答案为 C；17. If you refuse to develop yourself, others will you. A. perform B. lose C. win D. outperform 【讲解】 此题属于词汇题； 第一看题干： 假如你拒绝提高自己,其他人将 （）你；依据规律, （）应填写 “ 超过“ 或同类词；再看选项：A 执行； B 失败； C 战胜； D 赛过；因此

16、正确答案是 D ；18. A far greater amount of cargo is shipped by bulk carriers, can be chartered on the tramp market on a time basis or on voyage basis. A. where B. which C. whose D. who 【讲解】此题属于语法题；第一看题干：大多数货物都是通过散装货轮运输的,这些船可以依据时间或者航程在不定期船运输市场租赁；看懂题干后,应当知道逗号后面一句话缺少主语；可见此题考点是非限定性定语从句；由于后半句说的是租船的事情,缺少主语“船“ ,

17、在逗号前面可以找到” bulk carriers“ ,前置词,因此正确答案是B ；19. If you decide to book the space yourself, you can go to a shipping company or simply go on the Internet. A. both B. neither C. either D. all 【讲解】此题属于语法题；第一看题干：假如你准备自己定空间,既可以直接去货运公司,也可以上网；应当看出,句子的后半句提出两种方案,哪一种都可以,因此应当用 either or 结构,表示 “ 或者 或者 “ ；both 表示两个同

18、时,表示确定；neither 表示两个中,哪一个都不行,即表示否定；因此正确答案是 C；20. Can you check the for me again. I want to know the details of tomorrows meeting. Thanks. A. schedule B. room C. bar D. account 【讲解】此题属于词汇题；第一看题干：你能帮我再检查一下（）吗？我想知道明天会议的详细支配；谢谢；假如只看前半句,似乎填什么都可以；这是我们就需要把整个题干看完；那么会议的细节当然是写在会议日程上,因此可以直接选出正确答案,A；阅读部分Passage1

19、 Many people wonder how Wal-Mart is able to charge such low prices and continue to make a profit. There are several factors in their business model that contribute to this ability, but a big one is their ability to adapt to an ever-changing global marketplace. Some criticize Wal-Mart has been able t

20、o deliver low process by being efficient. This efficiency is present in several area, but one of the most important places is how they are able to manufacture products all over the world and get them to retail outlets, which are also over the world. This ability requires flawless logistical system t

21、hat allows products to be shipped anywhere at a moment s notice. Mart s effective logistical system is the flexibility 灵敏One of the keys to Wal-性 that is has when choosing suppliers. When Wal-Mart negotiates with suppliers, the suppliers know that Wal-Mar will only pay the most competitive prices. T

22、his is because it is easy for them to find another suppliers of that particular material with a lower process and very few logistical problems. This gives Wal-Mart a huge amount of leverage 优势 when dealing with suppliers. If a particular supplier knows that a company has found a lower price, it will

23、 lower its price accordingly. However, if the supplier also knows that it will be incredibly difficult for the company to make the proper adjustments to ensure a smooth transition 过渡 to a different supplier, then they will be less inclined to lower their price as much. This is not how existing suppl

24、iers deal with Wal-Mar; when they see that Wal-Mart has found a supplier that will give them a lower price, the current suppliers lower their prices accordingly. They know that Wal-Mart s logistical system can handle transition seamlessly 无缝地 and therefore they gain no additional leverage since it w

25、ont be difficult or costly for Wal-Mart to choose another supplier. Another reason that Wal-Mart s prices are so competitive is because they buy in such large quantities that transportation from one end of the supply chain to another is not as costly for additional units. This aspect of the logistic

26、al system does not come from skill or experti se; it simply comes from the sheer size of the company, but this is still a factor. Wal-Mart buys so many suppliers from different places throughout the world that they have the luxu ry of using bigger trucks and using less fuel to go back and forth. Als

27、o if by chance they have to use shipping services to transport material from one locationto another, Wal-Mart will give them so much business that they will get huge discounts. The logistical system that Wal-Mart uses is so effective because it is so flexible. This is why Wal-Mart is able to offer t

28、hings much cheaper than other companies can. Wal-Mart has a r eputation for being able to offer these things in a cheap manner because of low employee pay and human rights violations（违反、违反）but this is simply not the case. “charge in the first line means 21. The word A. to state officially that someo

29、ne may be guilty of a crime B. to ask someone for a particular amount of money for something you are selling. C. to blame someone D. to order someone to do something. 22. Which of the following statements is WRONG about Wal-Mart. A. Wal-Mart is able to adapt to an ever-changing global marketplace. B

30、. Wal-Mart has been able to deliver low prices by being efficient. C. Wal-Mart has a flawless logistical system that allows products to be shipped anywhere a t moment s notice. D. The profit of Wal-Mart is now declining. 23. Suppliers of Wal-Mart know that A. Wal-Mart is flexible when choosing suppl

31、iers B. Wal-Mart only negotiation with suppliers with the most competitive prices. C. Wal-Mart is incredibly difficult to make the proper adjustments to ensure a smooth trans ition to a different supplier D. they cannot lose Wal-Mart for the sake of their profit. 24. Buying in large quantities A. is

32、 a factor making Wal-Mart s prices high B. can make prices competitive C. means having the luxury of using bigger trucks. D. means to use shipping services to transport material. 25. The last sentence of the last paragraph shows that A. Wal-Mart offer things in a cheap manner B. Wal-Mart violates hu

33、man rights C. some people understanding of Wal-Mart is incorrect. D. the logistic system of Wal-Mart is flexible. Passage2 CEVA Logistics is making the “logistics part of its name outdated, unless one stretches the term to mean more than traditional transportation and warehousing. What the provider

34、do es for the Michelin Tire Group in the U.S. is a prime 主要的 example of that trend. Under its former name of TNT Logistics, CEVA has an extensive history of working with Mic helin around the world. Five years ago, Michelin North America signed a contract with the then-parent of TNT, TPG N.V., handin

35、g over day-to-day operation of the client tire distribution centers throughout the continent. That deal came seven years after inception 开头、开端 of a similar logistics services contract between the two companies in the United Kingdom. CEVA came into being last year, when TNT N.V. sold off its contract

36、 logistics unit to Apollo Management, a New York-based private equity firm. In the process, the company maintain ed the specialized services that it had built up over the years on behalf of tire manufacture s. Today, CEVA has tire contracts in 17 countries on five continents. In the U.S., certain se

37、rvices that CEVA performs for Michelin on a regional basis exceed th e boundaries of what some might consider logistics. Gina Moon is customer service associa te with the Michelin Tire Group in Greenville, S. C. , U. S. headquarters of the global concern. One of her accounts at that locationis Utili

38、ty Trailer, which provides specialized equipment to move tires to automobile manufacturers. Michelin ships to five Utility Trailer locations in the U.S., two in Virginia and one each in Utah, Alabama and Arkansas. Shipment volume is around 250,000 units per year, according to Moon. At the facilities

39、, however, it CEVA that is responsible of receiving and mounting the tires on wheels. From there, the components move to the assembly lines of various cu stomers. CEVA manages the transportation end of the program as well, although 运输it Michelin that secures the appropriate trucker. Blue Trucking is

40、 a major hauler 者 of shipments to the Independence facility because of its operations in Virginia. Swift Transportation Inc. and Old Dominion Fright Line Inc. are also regular providers of over-the road service for Michelin. CEVA performs the tire-mounting service not just for Michelin, but for othe

41、r major tire man ufacturers as well, including Goodyear, Bridgestone and Yokohama Tire. In all cases, the o peration requires special handing so as not to scratch the pristine 崭新 t have a lot of issues like that, ” says M 的 wheels that are intended for new cars. “ Wedonoon. “They are very good at wh

42、at they do. ”26. Which of the following statements about CEVA Logistics is NOT correct. A. It cooperates with the Michelin Tire Group in the U.S. B. It works with TPG N.V. C. To CEVA Logistics, “logistics means more than traditional transportation and warehousing. D. It came into being last year. 27

43、. TNT is . A. a company in the U.K. B. the then-parent of Michelin C. a New York-based private equity firm D. the descendant of TPG N.V. 28. Why is Gina Moon mentioned in Paragraph 4 and 5. A. Because she is customer service associate with the Michelin Tire Group in Greenville, S. C. B. Because one

44、of her accounts at that location& nbsp;is Utility Trailer. an example showing that certain services that CEVA performs exceed the b C. Because itoundaries of what some might consider logistics. D. Because Utility Trailer provides specialized equipment to move tires to automobile manu facturers. 29.

45、As mentioned in the last paragraph but one, which company secures the appropriate tr ucker. A. CEVA B. Swift Transportation Inc. C. Blue Trucking D Michelin 30. All are tire manufactures EXCEPT . A. Old Dominion Freight Line Inc. B. Michelin C. Goodyear D. Yokohama Passage3 It is fallacy 谬 论 to assu

46、me that the best logistics strategy is to get the product from the supplier to the customer the fastest and always be in stock for all organizations. If this were true, most or ganizations would not be profitable today. The truth is, creating a logistics strategy is a bal ancing act which takes many

47、 variables into account. Here is a list of what needs to be ans wered before creating a logistics strategy. What are the strategic object ives of the organization. A business would never review the tax consequences of making an investment and then ch oose the best investment based on the tax treatme

48、nt. It would evaluate its investment opt ions and then select the right one for its business. Then it would look to its accountant to fi nd the best way to report it. Similarly, the logistics strategy supports the business strategy. For example, if a furniture r 部 etailer is competing in the low-cos

49、t furniture segment 门 of the market, it has to ask itself what do its customers want in terms of customer service; is it in-stock availability, quick delivery time or a generous return policy. Strategic Analysis of the Competition It is beneficial to look at what level of customer service your compe

50、titors are offering. This may be accomplished by conducing a customers service audit 审 查. The audit will show what level of customer service performance customers expect as well as what is currently being offered. A gap analysis will then show the difference between expected performance and actual p

51、erformance and highlight changes that must be made. Evaluate Channel Structure Once the gaps are identified and the customer service level is defined, the next step is to l ook at the channel structure. The logistics channel structure displays how many levels ther e are between the supplier and the

52、customer. It also identifies how many distribution point s service are in the network and if a logistics network re-design is necessary to meet custo mer service goals. For example, if the furniture retailer wants next-day delivery to its cust omers, it may want to consider having regional warehouse

53、s in close proximity 接 近 to its major market areas. The answers to the above questions will give an organization a road map to set its custom er service policy. This policy is then translated to the channel structure to best meet the or ganization goals in the most efficient and effective manner. 31

54、. Which of the following statements is NOT correct. A. The best logistics strategy is to get the product from the supplier to the customer the fa stest and always be in stock for all organizations. B. What the strategic object ives of the organization are is the first factor that should be co nsider

55、ed when a logistics strategy is created. C. What level of customer service your competitors are offering is another factor needed to be taken into account. D. The last step to create a logistics strategy is to evaluate the channel structure. 32. The word “profitable in “If this were true, most organ

56、izations would not be profitable today. ” means . A. existing B. making money C. going bankruptcy D. listed 33. A generous return policy belongs to the category of . A. logistics strategy B. Packaging C. maritime transportation D. customer service 34. Why is a custom service audit introduced in this

57、 passage. A. Because the tax consequences should not be reviewed. B. Because it is a must in strategic analysis. C. Because it will show what level of customer service performance customers expect and what is currently being offered. D. Because it highlights changes that must be made. 35. Which of t

58、he following will the logistics channel structure NOT demonstrate. A. How many levels there are between the supplier and the customer. B. How many distribution points there are in the network. C. Whether a logistics network re-design is necessary to meet customer service goals. D. If the furniture retailer wants next-day delivery to its customers. 其