初中英语语法现在完成时讲解-精华版课件

1、the Present Perfect Tense现在完成时助动词have (has)+过去分词donethe Present Perfect Tense现在完成时past now Yesterday , we cleaned the classroom.Now , the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it.用法1强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响 past now Yesterday , weNow , t1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have

2、 a lot to read because _2. I saw this film last week.Now, I know this film because I_.3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before have done it.1. My father bought many books“仍然，还 ” 用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。I havent rea

3、d this book yet .Have you had breakfast yet ?already:Yet:“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。 I have already read this book.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。 Have you eaten up all the food already ?“仍然，还 ” 用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。alread“从来不” 用在否定句中,放在句中。Is he famous ?I have never heard of him .evernever“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。 I have ever seen

4、this film.Have you ever been to the USA ?“从来不” 用在否定句中,放在句中。evernever“曾经“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。have never read this kind of books before.justbefore“刚刚 ”用在陈述句中,放在句中。 I have just bought a novel。“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。justbefore“刚刚 She began to work in 2005.She still works here now. She has worked at this school for

5、7 years. She began to work in 2005.now past I began to teach English at this school fiveyears ago.I have taught English at this school for five years.用法2：过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。 now past I began to teach I ha1. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I _ for four years.2. We went to the

6、USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _ (stay) in the USA since last Monday.have workedhave stayed1. I am a doctor. I began to wsince and forThe woman has worked at this school for 2 years.( since two years ago)since 2 years agosince 1998since she came to the school)for + 时间段since+时间点for 2 years/a l

7、ong timesince and forThe woman has wor一、用for和since填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince一、用for和since填空。_three hou 1.Theyve known each other sin

8、ce_. A.1995 B. three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_. A. last year B. one year 3. She has been a doctor for_. A. two years B.two years ago 4. Ive had a headache since_. A. I got up this morning B. five hours 5. Weve been here for_. A. one hour B. one oclock AABAB 1.Theyve known each othe

9、r 6. My parents have owned this house for_. A. a long time B. many years ago7. Theyve been in love since_. A. last spring B. three months8. We have known each other since_. A. one year B. last year9. -How long have you been like this? -Since_. A.last night B. two days10.-How long has she worked here

10、? -She has worked here for_. A. 1993 B. six yearsAABAB6. My parents have owned this Exercise根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。1.After lunch you go to see a friend at her house.She saysWould you like something to eat? You say: No, thank you. _( have lunch )2.Joe goes out. Five minutes later,the phone rings

11、and the caller says Can I speak to Joe? You say: Im afraid _.( go out )he has just gone outIve just had lunch. Exercisehe has just gone outI3.You are eating in a restaurant this evening. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.You say: Wait a moment !_ ( not / finish )

12、4.You are going to a restaurant this evening.You phone to reserve(预定）a table. Later your friend says Shall I phone to reserve a table? You say: No,_ it (do)I havent finished it yet.I have already done 3.You are eating in a restaura1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I hav

13、e lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has just had breakfast.(含义是:简现在不饿了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) 1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态,常与表示持续的时间状语连用. 表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。I havent seen her these days.Mary has been ill

14、 for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately等标志词He has already got a chance to go abroad. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the mis

15、sing child yet ？3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如alr4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing？ I have never heard of Bunny.I have used this pen only three times. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语

16、连用,如often,5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, just, today, this morning/week/month/year, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six poems so far. Man has now learned to make use of natural materials.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.

17、Up to these weeks, everything has been successful. 5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,have (has) gone和have (has) been的区别1.have (has) gone表示“已经去某地了”She has gone to Shanghai .(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。)2.have (has) been表示“曾经去过某地”She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。)have (has) gone和have

18、 (has) bee非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.()但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months.或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book. 或：T

19、wo months has passed since he borrowed the book. 这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。becomebe borrowkeep buyhave begin (start)be on openbe open diebe dead leave-be away come-be here/in go outbe outjoin-be a member/be in begin to study-study注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：I havent bought anything for two days.非延续性动词

20、不能与时间段连用：这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed 如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加d 如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如：stoppeddropped 动词的过去分词的规则变化动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律AAA: put put put letlet

21、 letABA: becomebecamebecomeABB: standstoodstoodABC: eat ateeaten不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律AAAcost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-r

22、ead-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 AAAcost-cost-cost 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:ABA原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-m

23、eet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词)原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sw1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have (has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold

24、-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。ABB(含规则动词)ABC原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-sp