课标版高考英语总复习专题十二《猜测词义（试题练）》教与学

1、高考英语总复习PAGE PAGE 126学好一门外语很重要。专题十二猜测词义探考情 悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份课标全国课标全国课标全国2019第25题第21题,第25题第26题2018第29题第26题第32题2017第33题第26题第29题2016第29题第27题,第30题第26题,第30题2015第31题第22题考点内容要求学生能够读懂书籍、报纸、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息,根据上下文推断生词的词义。分析解读猜测词义题旨在考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句意的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。 它不仅涉及学生的语言水平,还涉及学生的语言应

2、用能力和综合素质等方面。 猜测词义题虽不是阅读测试的重点,但也是常考题目,是对学生多方面综合能力的考查。 因此,今后的高考中这类试题也将保持平稳趋势,而且试题增加了对短语、句意的猜测的考查。 近几年猜测词义题难度略有增加,需在较为复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。【五年高考】A组统一命题课标卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国,B)词数:329For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The

3、8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should.should.”Chris trips on the “-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas

4、Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“.Vote for.me.”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Wha

5、ley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains

6、, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say,I dont know, but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never

7、be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the

8、classroom not feeling confident.”1.What made Chris nervous?A.Telling a story.B.Making a speech.C.Taking a test.D.Answering a question.2.What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Improper pauses.B.Bad manners.C.Spelling mistakes.D.Silly jokes.3.We can infer that the purpose o

9、f Whaleys project is to.A.help students see their own strengthsB.assess students public speaking skillsC.prepare students for their future jobsD.inspire students love for politics4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.答案1.B2.A3.A4.CPas

10、sage 2(2019课标全国,A)词数:264My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciati

11、on for his strange and delightful worlds. Matildas battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but theyre also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIts about two sistersEri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a

12、 young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse“night people”who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. The

13、res tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise whats going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbre

14、ak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.1.Who does “I” refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.2.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A.Co

15、smopolitan.B.Matilda.C.After Dark.D.The Stand.3.What kind of book is Gone Girl?A.A folk tale.B.A biography.C.A love story.D.A horror story.答案1.C2.C3.DPassage 3(2019课标全国,B)词数:338“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a pa

16、rent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the

17、single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on.At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, Ill do it.”Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwil

18、ling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for anothe

19、r season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more

20、:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some r

21、eward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?1.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?A.She knows little about the club.B.She isnt good at sports.C.She just doesnt want to volunteer.D.Shes unable to meet her schedule.2.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the

22、 heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Encourage teamwork.B.Appeal to feelings.C.Promote good deeds.D.Provide advice.3.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A.She gets interested in lacrosse.B.She is proud of her kids.C.Shell work for another season.D.She becomes a good helper.4.Why does

23、the author like doing volunteer work?A.It gives her a sense of duty.B.It makes her very happy.C.It enables her to work hard.D.It brings her material rewards.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage 4(2018课标全国,C)词数:294Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less c

24、oming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perh

25、aps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory

26、education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these lang

27、uages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of

28、 which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly spe

29、akers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-ga

30、therer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2? A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people

31、at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案1.B2.C3.B4.CPassage 5(2018

32、课标全国,B)词数:258Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, beca

33、use of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxi

34、dants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious. Who cares?However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as t

35、hey are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you hav

36、e a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve”creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party;they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream co

37、me out below.1.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A.They contain protein.B.They are high in vitamin A.C.They have a pleasant taste.D.They are rich in antioxidants.2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A.To make them smell better.B.To keep their colour.C.To speed up their

38、ripening.D.To improve their nutrition.3.What is“a juicer”in the last paragraph?A.A dessert.B.A drink.C.A container.D.A machine.4.From which is the text probably taken?A.A biology textbook.B.A health magazine.C.A research paper.D.A travel brochure.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage 6(2018课标全国,D)词数:304Adults under

39、stand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children t

40、o donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the

41、 money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks, Ive been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them?And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less?Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd,

42、determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried

43、to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had h

44、is. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.The more, the better.B.Enough is enough.C.More money, more worries.D.Earn more and spend more.2.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A.Saving

45、 up for her holiday.B.Raising money for a poor girl.C.Adding the money to her fund.D.Giving the money to a sick mother.3.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A.To try out an idea.B.To show a parents love.C.To train his attention.D.To help him start a hobby.4.What can be a suitable title fo

46、r the text?A.Take It or Leave ItB.A Lesson from KidsC.Live More with LessD.The Pleasure of Giving答案1.A2.C3.A4.CPassage 7(2017课标全国,D)词数:311A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors

47、 in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of pla

48、stic tube, and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to inc

49、rease the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic wi

50、th dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Gro

51、und water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know abo

52、ut the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.Its delicate.B.Its expensive.C.Its complex.D.Its portable.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.D

53、ig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheets center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet答案1.D2.B3.C4.DPassage 8(2017课标全国,B)词数:289I

54、 first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me. I dont know how many people would have done that; they would

55、 have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(

56、技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the s

57、creen.We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didnt see each other all that regula

58、rly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didnt talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.1.

59、Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A.Paul Newman wanted it.B.The studio powers didnt like his agent.C.He wasnt famous enough.D.The director recommended someone else.2.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A.They were of the same age.B.They worked in

60、the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They had similar characteristics.3.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Their belief.B.Their care for children.C.Their success.D.Their support for each other.4.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love o