老常见疾病和护理培训课件

1、一、学习目标掌握老年人疾病的特点了解老年人常见疾病的临床表现一、学习目标掌握老年人疾病的特点二、老年人疾病的特点1、衰老和疾病并存2、综合征多见3、发病急、进展快4、症状不典型5、病程反复发作6、疾病长而恢复慢7、易合并意识和心理障碍8、易发生药物不良反应二、老年人疾病的特点1、衰老和疾病并存1、慢性支气管炎概述因好发于老年人，故又称为“老年慢性支气管炎”，简称“老慢支”，是指气管、支气管粘膜及周围组织的慢性非特异性炎症。临床上以咳嗽、咳痰和或伴有喘息及反复发作的慢性过程为特征。是一种危害老人健康的常见病、多发病，反复发作可发展为肺气肿、肺心病（简称COPD）本病男性较女性为多，有明显的季节性

2、，寒冷季节多急性发作，温暖季节可自行缓解。患病率随年龄增长而增加，老年人平均患病率为15%左右，有些地区高达20%-30%。1、慢性支气管炎概述1、慢性支气管炎（又称“慢支”或“老慢支”）病因：吸烟、感染、环境污染、气候、过敏、免疫功能减低临床表现症状：咳、痰、喘（喘息性支气管炎）、炎体征：急性期：散在干、湿性啰音、呼吸音粗1、慢性支气管炎（又称“慢支”或“老慢支”）1、慢性支气管炎护理1、注意保暖，及时添加衣被，预防感冒，有条件的老年人接种流感育苗。2、戒烟。3、喘息性支气管炎的老人初春时节应尽量少到花丛中活动，避免接触花粉。4、坚持适量运动，提高老人身体素质。5、加强营养，根据老人健康状况

3、，制定科学的营养膳食方案，宜以低盐、低脂、低糖清淡饮食为主。6、遵医嘱，督促发作期的老人按时服药、打针治疗并观察治疗反应。老人剧烈咳嗽时要帮助老人拍背排痰，安抚老人；最好为老人准备一个痰盂或痰杯。1、慢性支气管炎护理2、高血压病概述老年高血压病是指以动脉血压升高，常伴有心、脑、肾损害为特征的全身性疾病。其诊断标准：在未服降压药、安静状态连续三次非同日血压测量，有二次收缩压140mmhg和或舒张压90mmhg，并排除假性和继发性高血压，即可诊断。2、高血压病概述2、高血压病病因老年高血压病的发病原因尚不十分明确，与年龄、肥胖、摄盐量、精神情绪、遗传和个人生活习惯相关。临床表现：1、大多数老年患者

4、起病缓慢，多在体检时发现，可伴有头痛、头晕、眼花、耳鸣、乏力等症状。2、老年高血压病具有血压波动大、症状少和并发症多等特点。2、高血压病病因2、高血压病3、并发症：随病程进展，可导致心、脑、肾等脏器损害。（1）脑部损害：脑中风。（2）心脏损害：高血压性心脏病。（3）肾脏损害：高血压肾病，晚期可发展成尿毒症。护理1、向老人介绍高血压病防治知识，合理安排生活，劳逸结合，保持良好心态，避免不良刺激。2、劝诫老人改变不良生活习惯，戒烟忌酒，保证充足睡眠。2、高血压病3、并发症：2、高血压病3、养成定时排便习惯，多吃蔬菜、水果和富含植物纤维的食物，适量饮水，保持大便通畅。4、定期测量血压，坚持长期服药，

5、保持血压在正常范围。5、给老人提供低盐（3-5克日）、低脂、低胆固醇饮食，肥胖老人应适当限制热量摄入，以减轻体重。6、适量运动。7、一旦发现血压持续性升高或出现头晕、头痛、恶心等症状，应停止一切活动，嘱老人放松，就地休息，做好安抚，并及时报告家属和医生。2、高血压病3、养成定时排便习惯，多吃蔬菜、水果和富含植物纤2、高血压病三个半分钟、三个半小时最简单、有效预防高血压并发症的方法1、三个半分钟：醒来躺在床上半分钟、坐起来又坐半分钟、两腿垂在床沿半分钟。可以预防体位性低血压、脑缺血、摔倒、骨折，减少脑中风、心肌梗塞和猝死事件发生。2、三个半小时：早上起来运动半小时、午睡半小时、晚上漫步行走半小时

6、。可以增强体质，提高生活质量2、高血压病三个半分钟、三个半小时最简单、有效预防高血压并发3、冠心病概述： 全称“冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病”。是指冠状动脉粥样硬化使冠状动脉管腔狭窄或闭塞，导致心肌缺血缺氧或坏死而引起的心脏病，是老年人十分常见的疾病，有人指出70岁及以上的老年人几乎都患有此病。本病男性多于女性，以脑力劳动者为多，我国近年来有增多趋势，冠心病主要临床类型为心绞痛和心肌梗死。3、冠心病概述： 老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老

7、常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件谢谢观赏谢谢观赏老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件老常见疾病和护理培训课件2012新企划Powerpoint2012新企划Powerpoint2012台历效果图矢量素材欧式花纹模板矢量图下载2012挂历模板矢量素材2012龙年贺卡矢量图下载2012台历效果图矢量素材欧式花纹模板矢量图下载2012挂历模板矢量素材2012台历效果图矢量素材老常见疾病和护理培训课件ContentsClick to add title in here Click

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