英美概况试题范围

1、名词解释：.The Great DepressionIndustrial RevolutionMelting PotBlack DeathAmerican Constitution1.On October 24, 1929, the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.The Industrial Revolution refers to the m

2、echanization of industry and the c onsequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and e arly 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial R evolution in Britain first began in the textile industry.Since the United States is a nation of m

3、any ethnic groups, it is also know n as a “melting pot, meaning immigrants from different nations all over the wo rld have mixed to make up the American nation.Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, a n epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It spread through Europe in th

4、e 14th cen tury. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American government and the supre

5、me law of the land. It is the oldest written constitutionin the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.o 1929年10月24日，美国股市崩盘。数十亿美元的账面利润是在几个小时内消失。这导致了长期的经济萧条。2。工业革命指的是机械化工业和社会和经

6、济组织的后果在18世纪末和19世纪初的英国。英国是第一个工业化的国家。工业革 命在英国首先开始于纺织工业。3。因为美国是一个多民族的国家，它也被称为“大熔炉”,意味着移民来自世界各地不同国家混合组成美国国家。4o黑死病是现代的名字给了致命的黑死病,病由鼠蚤传播流行。在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰在1348年的夏天没有警告。 它造成许多人死亡。由于瘟疫，大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。5。美国的宪法是美国政府的基本仪器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文宪法。1787年制定，并于1789年生效。它 建立联邦制和引进制衡政府历史上第一次。the Black DeathIt was the dea

7、dly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It s wept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed b etween half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left unten ded and labour was short. It caused far-reaching econom

8、ic consequences._这是致命的黑死病在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰没有警告，任何治疗,和毫不吝惜的受害者。它杀死了一半到三分之一的 人口。因此，大片土地无人照管和劳动力短缺。它造成了深远的经济后果。Bloody MaryHenry VIIIs daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is al so remembered as

9、 the monarch who lost the French port of Calais._亨利八世的女儿和一位虔诚的天主教徒。当她成为皇后，迫害和烧毁许多新教徒。所以她被血腥玛丽”的绰号。玛丽也记得君 主失去法国加来港。.the Great LakesThe Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Sup erior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michiganthe only one

10、entirely in the U.S.Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all locatedbetween Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan._五大湖在美国最重要的湖泊。苏必略湖，是世界上最大的淡水湖，密歇根湖，唯一一个完全在美国，休伦湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。 他们都位于加拿大和美国之间除了密西根湖。What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain?The welfare state is a system

11、of government by which the state provides the econ omic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensi ons and other facilities. The system is funded out of national insurance contributions an d taxation. In Britain the term applies mainly to National Health S

12、ervice (NHS), national insurance and social security.“福利国家”政府的福利国家是一个系统的国家提供经济和社会保障的公民通过其组织卫生服务、养老金和其他设施。该系统是由全 国保险税和赋税。术语主要适用于在英国国民健康服务(NHS)，国民保险和社会保障。What are some of the characteristics of American education?(1) Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and hig her e

13、ducation.Public educations is free and compulsory.Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.美国教育的特点是什么？(1)在美国正规的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。公共教育是免费和义务的。多样性被认为是美国教育的一个突出特点。教育是美国的函数，而不是联邦政府。What role does the c

14、ommunity college play?What functions does it perform?What is it important in American higher education?What is the guiding principle of such a college?The community college as an institution is one of the most important innovations i n the history of American higher education more accessible and in

15、meeting the needs o f educated adults, employees of local business, professional requiring certification as wel l as community organizations.It performs five main functions. First, it prepares students for transferring to a BA prog ram at a four-year institution. Second, it provides vocational train

16、ing for people who ar e already working or expect to be working in the future. Third, it gives remedial instruc tion to higher school students who are underprepared for college academically and adult s who did not learn basic skills in elementary or secondary school. Fourth, it offers recr eational,

17、 cultural activities for adults who are not seeking regular vocational or academi c skill. Fifth, it absorbs students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lo wer-status vocational program.The guiding principle of community college is higher education for everyone and the phi losophy t

18、hat equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recog nition of individual differences.社区学院发挥什么作用？它执行什么功能？美国高等教育是什么重要的消息吗？一个大学的指导原则是什么？社区学院作为一个机构是历史上最重要的创新之一,美国的高等教育更容易满足患者的需求,受过教育的成年人,本地业 务的员工，专业要求认证以及社区组织。它执行五个主要功能。首先，它准备学生转移到英航计划四年的机构。其次，它为那些巳经工作或提供职业培训期望在未来工 作。第三，它给补救教学

19、高等学校学生准备不充分的大学学业和成年人没有在小学或中学学习基本技能。第四，它提供了休闲、 文化活动对于成年人不寻求定期职业或学术技能。第五，它可以吸收学生四年计划不合格看低职业计划。社区学院的指导原则对每个人来说都是高等教育和哲学必须为自我实现意味着平等机会平等，承认个体差异。Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:The highest mountain in Britain is.ScafellB. Ben Nevis (本尼维斯)C. the CotswoldsD. the ForthThe lon

20、gest river in Britain is.A. the Clydethe MerseyA. the Clydethe Severn （塞汶河）D. the ThamesThe largest lake in Britain is.the Lough Neage 内伊湖B. Windermere WaterC.ConistonWaterD.the Lake DistrictWhich part of Britain is always fighting?EnglandB.ScotlandC.WalesD.Northem IrelandThe immigrants coming to Br

21、itain are mainly from .EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and PakistanThe first inhabitants in Britain were.the NormansB. the CeltsC. the Iberians 伊比利来D. the Anglo-SaxonsBritish Recorded history began with .A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish in

22、vasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasionIn 829, actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. Egbert埃格伯特中世纪英格兰西撒克逊国王，英格兰首任国王（829839） D. Henry IChristmas Day, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 1060Henry II was the first king of the dynasty.WindsorB.

23、 TudorC. MalcolmD. PlantagenetIn 1265 summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest pa rliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de MontfortThe Hundred Years war stated in and wa ended in , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port o

24、f.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, BrestThe Wars of Roses lasted for years and king was replaced by king _A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry TudorThe Renaissance began i

25、n in the early century.A. England, 14C. Italy, 14The English Civil War is also called A. the Glorious RevolutionA. England, 14C. Italy, 14The English Civil War is also called A. the Glorious RevolutionC. the Catholic Revolution16. In , a small group of Puritans sailed 什om irst settlers in the New La

26、nd.A. 1620, LondonC. 1720, LondonIn the 18th century, there appeared he invention of machines.England, 15Italy, 15the Bloody RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution in the Mayflower to be the f1620, PlymouthD. 1720, Plymouthin England, which owed a great deal to tthe IndustrialRevolutionB. the Bourgeois

27、Revolutionthe WarsoftheRosesD. the Religious ReformationEnglish colonial expansion began with the colonization of in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaIndiaD. Newfoundlandwas famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced Ameri can:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VII TOC o 1-5 h z GeorgeVID.Georg

28、eVIIIn January Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B.1967C. 1973D.1979soon after, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 1960In the 1970s

29、 among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest r ate and the highest rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birthThe following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except.A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionC. little mone

30、y being investedD. the labour shortageBritains foreign trade is mainly with .C. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over byA. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every iaments are elected.years

31、 and there aremembers of ParlA. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651four, 65127. The PrimeMinister is appointed byand he or she always sits inA.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC.the Queen, the House of CommonsD.the Queen, the House of

32、Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides inA. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29.The sources of British law includeA.statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB.statutes, common law and equity lawC.statutes, common law and European Co

33、mmunity lawD.a complete code and statutes30.uiltIn criminal trials by jury, or innocence.passes sentenced anddecide the issue of gA.the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over byA. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop

34、 of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every iaments are elected.years and there aremembers of ParlA. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651four, 65127. The PrimeMinister is appointed byand he or she always sits inA.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB.the Archbi

35、shop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC.the Queen, the House of CommonsD.the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides inA. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29.The sources of British law includeA.statutes, common law, equity law and

36、European Community lawB.statutes, common law and equity lawC.statutes, common law and European Community lawD.a complete code and statutes30.uiltIn criminal trials by jury, or innocence.passes sentenced anddecide the issue of gA.the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeA. developing countriesother

37、Commonwealth countriesA. developing countriesthe jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jurytries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.Magistrates courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown CourtLondons Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of.the England secreta

38、riesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home SecretaryThe National Health Service was established in the UK in and based at first on .A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of RightsThe non-contributory social s

39、ecurity benefits include the following except.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefitExcept that may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without di stinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. th

40、e ministers of all departmentsAbout 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend A. independentschoolsB.juniorschoolsC. independentschoolsD.primaryschoolsThere are some universities, including the Open University.A. 900B.290C. 90D.50In Britain, children from the age of 5 to

41、16 can by law.receivecompletely free educationreceiveparly free educationreceiveno free education if their families are richreceiveno free education at allWith regard to its size, the USA is the country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largestIn the following rivers,

42、 has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the OhioAmong the following rivers, forms a natural boundary between Mexico and t he U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the ColoradoAll the following universities and colleges are located in N

43、ew England, exceptA. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyThe nations capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic StatesThe Midwest in Americas most important area.A. agriculturalB. ind

44、ustrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustryIn the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that separate educationalfacilities had beenillegaleducational facilitieshad been separatebut equaleducational facilitieshad been equalseparate educationalfacilities were inherentlyunequ

45、alThe Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in .A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 1924The first immigrants in American history came 什om and .A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/NetherlandUncle Toms Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of th e miserable life of th

46、e.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slavesAccording to American historians and specialists in demography, there are great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. fiveMany early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the .A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper minesThe Declaration of Independence was drafted by.A. James MadisonThomes JeffersonA. James MadisonAlexander HamiltonD. George WashingtonOn July 4, 1776, adopted the Declaration of Independerce.theFirst C