外语外贸高级翻译学院英汉汉英口译授课课件07predicate in englishchinese

1、Chapter 7汉英谓语对比Comparing Western and Chinese Philosophies:Western: Binary opposition between the subject and object.（物我两分）The subject and its narration form a complete topic. (Theme + Rheme)Chinese:The combination of nature and man.The subject and object exist in harmony as a unified whole.（天人合一）Res

2、ult:Western: strict syntax built on S+V structureChinese: not necessarily an “S” or strict “V”V in English (V-centred syntax)1) English syntax evolves from the variation of the “V” eg. 主谓一致，主谓搭配，时态，语态，语气，形式2) Seven basic structures of English SV The train had arrived (quietly) (at the station) (befo

3、re we noticed it). SVC She is a student (of GDUFS) (at the moment). SVO They ate the food (quickly) (that evening). SVOO He offered her some wine (politely) (before the dinner). SVOC They elected him chairman (unanimously) (at the meeting) (last week). SVOA She put the plates on the table. SVA Mary

4、is in her office (now).3) V可以划分出四个单位： 定式动词（谓词），补语，宾语，状语 核心 = 定式动词（predicate）V in Chinese (V-flexible syntax)1）没有定式动词名词性谓语 桂林好地方。 小张广州人。 一斤苹果三元钱。形容词性谓语 孩子们高兴得跳了起来。 中俄两国人民友谊比山高，比海深。 你父母身体状况怎么样？ 刘先生见多识广。主谓短语作谓语 我们班一半是广东人。 小王个子高，小陈身体壮。 这件事校长不知道。2）有定式动词，但非常灵活，且无形态（时、数）变化单动 我听过这个故事。 人是最高级的动物。双项连动 他站起来走了。

5、我们有信心完成任务。三项连动 我下了班骑自行车去菜场。四项连动 我下了班骑自行车去菜场买菜。多项连动我下了班骑自行车去菜场买菜回家做饭。兼语式 很多人求他帮忙。 你告诉小王通知院长明天开会。混合式 你扶着王老先生上车。交错式 你回去请工程师明天来厂里检修设备。 我叫小林把设备检修一下。 小林被请到车间去检修设备。英语连动式的表达1.动词非限定形式 eg. She stayed home to help me. We stood watching the match. The job done, they went home.2.某些介词 eg. upon, despite, for fear

6、of, considering, according to 3.某些副词 eg. explain away, stand akimbo汉语连动式的表达1.双项连动 我们去剧院看演出。2.多项连动 大家在饭桌上边吃边喝边讨论。3.扩展式（公因话题流水句） 小王走进屋里，向四下看了一周，便一屁股坐下来，张口喘气。英语兼语式的表达1.综合型 1) 使役意义的单纯词 2) 加缀法2.分析型 V+O+C汉语兼语式的表达1.使役意义的谓语动词 eg. 使、让、嘱咐、命令、请(求)、(劝)告2. 情感意义的谓语动词 eg. 喜欢、讨厌、感谢、嫌3. 感官动作的谓语动词 eg. 看见、听见、闻到Example

7、s Analysis少数民族地区的经济社会获得不断的发展。The minority concentrated regions have witnessed continued economic and social development. The economy and society of the ethnic minority areas have been developing continuously.Continuous economic and social development has been achieved/attained in the minority ethnic

8、 areas.Examples Analysis中国的潜在市场同国外的先进技术和资金优势结合起来，就能形成众多的发展机遇。Chinas potential market, once combined with foreign advanced technology and capital, will produce many opportunities for development.The combination of Chinas potential market with foreign advanced technology and capital will create/produc

9、e/generate many opportunities for development.Examples Analysis当然人口来讲，大家都知道我们是13亿。We all know that Chinas population is 1.3 billion.We know that China has 1.3 billion people.We know that China is a country with 1.3 billion people. Examples Analysis我们坚持在和平共处五项原则的基础上，建立发展友好合作关系。We will establish and d

10、evelop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. We will stick to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and we will establish and develop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis

11、 of this. Examples Analysis美国的大企业现在真的开始动起来了，这是中美经济贸易中的一个可喜的现象。Large US companies have now really begun to do something. This is a satisfactory development in Sino-US economy and trade.It is an encouraging development in Sino-US economy and trade that large US enterprises are now on the go.Examples A

12、nalysis他们利用持久战术把敌人引到内陆加以歼灭。They used a prolonged war to draw the enemy into the hinterland and wiped them out. They drew the enemy into the hinterland and wiped them out with a prolonged war.They wiped out the enemy after drawing them into the hinterland with a prolonged war. Examples Analysis我早就想亲眼

13、看一看你们美丽的国家。I longed to see your beautiful country with my own eyes. Examples Analysis我愿借此机会邀请商业部长阁下在方便的时候访问中国。I would like to take this opportunity to invite His Excellency Minister of Commerce to visit China at a time convenient to him.Examples Analysis我们要加快技术改造的步伐，引进先进设备，增加产品品种，提高产品质量。We need to m

14、ake great efforts in speeding up the technical renovation and introducing advanced equipments for more variety and better quality. Examples Analysis沿海开放城市的任务是认真抓好现有企业技术改造，更新工艺技术，提高经营管理水平，致力于传统产品的更新换代和新产品的开发。The tasks of the coastal open cities are to conscientiously carry out transformation and upgr

15、ading of technologies, improve the management and to make efforts in improvement of the traditional products and the development of new products. Examples AnalysisIn military interference with political arrangements in Iraq, the United States is not able to do as it wishes. 在对伊拉克政治的干涉方面，美国表现得十分力不从心。

16、Examples AnalysisChina is a country with vast territory, a big population and a long history. 中国疆域辽阔、人口众多、历史悠久。Examples AnalysisI want to thank the students for giving me the chance to meet with you, the chance to talk a little bit about my country and answer some of your questions. 我要感谢在座的各位同学给我这个机

17、会跟大家见面谈一谈我自己的国家，并且回答大家的一些问题。 Examples AnalysisUpon finishing his dinner, President Nixon got up to leave the table. A Canadian reporter dashed over, grabbed the chopsticks the President had just used, and put them into his pocket as a souvenir. 尼克松总统用餐完毕，起身离席的时候，一名加拿大记者箭步跑去，一把抓住美国总统刚使用过的那双筷子揣入怀中留作纪念

18、。Examples AnalysisI call for cooperation in the economic and technical sectors among the countries the world over.我呼吁世界各国在经济、技术方面进行合作。Examples AnalysisBritain is highly responsive to the concerns, particularly the economic concerns, of the developing countries.英国非常关注发展中国家所关切的问题，特别是经济问题。Examples Anal

19、ysisThe United States want to use military force against so-called terrorist countries.美国要用军事力量来对付那些所谓的恐怖主义国家。Examples AnalysisYou and your country waged a long struggle for social justice.您和贵国进行了长期斗争争取社会正义。Examples AnalysisI extend to you most warmly an invitation to visit our country which will af

20、ford us an opportunity for further discussion on the world situation and also to review bilateral relations. Above all it will give us an opportunity to return in some small ways the truly warm e and generous hospitality extended to us.我最热情地邀请你们到我国进行回访，以使我们有机会进一步讨论世界形势、回顾双边关系发展，尤其重要的是，使我们有机会得以回报你们的热烈欢迎和盛情款待。Examples Analysis e to our factory. I am in charge of factory tours. Ill be your guide for the afternoon. Any qu