2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号22

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.翻译题It is more important to pave the way for childrens desire to know than to put them on a diet of facts they are not ready to assimilate. Even if you feel you have little knowledge of nature at your disposal, there is

2、 still much you can do for your child. Wherever you are and whatever your resources, you can still look up at the skyits dawn and evening beauties its moving clouds, its start by night. You can listen to the wind, whether it blows with majestic voice through a forest or sings a many voiced chorus ar

3、ound the corners of your apartment building, and in the listening you can gain magical release for your thoughts. You can still feel the rain on your face and think of is long journey from sea to air to earth and wonder at the mysteries of natural selection embodied in the perfume and flavor of a fr

4、uit. Even if you are a city dweller, you can find some place, perhaps a park or a golf course, where you can observe the mysterious migrations of the birds and the changing seasons. And with your child you can ponder the mystery of a growing seed, even if its just one planted in a pot of earth in th

5、e kitchen window.【答案】为孩子们的求知欲铺平道路比让他们接受他们还没有准备好吸收的事实更重要。即使你觉得你掌握的自然知识甚为寥寥，你仍可以为你的孩子做许多事情。无论你身在何处，不管你智谋高低，你仍然可以仰望天空看它的拂晓与黄昏之美，看它的游云，看它夜晚时的星光。你可以倾听风的歌声，无论是用宏伟的歌喉呼啸着穿过森林，还是在你的公寓大楼拐角处唱着多声部的合唱。而在倾听中，你可以让思想神奇地奔放。你仍然能感觉到打在你脸上的雨点，想着它从大海到天空再到地面的漫长旅程，对水果的芳香所体现的自然选择的神奇惊叹不已。即使你居住在城市，也能找到某个地方，也许是公园或是高尔夫球场，在那儿能观察

6、鸟类神奇莫测的迁徙和四季的交替。你可以和你的孩子一起思索种子生长的奥秘，即使它只是一颗种在厨房窗台上的一盆泥土之中的种子。2.写作题Some people tend to study a subject in a very intensive way over a short period of time, while others tend to study a subject constantly over a long period of time. What do you think is a better way of learning? Explain why.【答案】Intens

7、ive Learning Is an Efficient Way for Learning3.单选题Samantha sobbed uncontrollably and hid in the locker room, so _ was she about having lost in the finals of the state tennis championship.问题1选项A.pragmaticB.dejectedC.jubilantD.indifferent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pragmatic“务实的”；B选项dejected“沮丧的”；C选项jubilant“

8、欢呼雀跃的”；D选项indifferent“漠不关心的”。句意：萨曼莎控制不住哭泣，躲在更衣室里，非常_她输掉了州网球锦标赛的决赛。输掉比赛以后萨曼莎哭泣，躲在更衣室里不想见人，B选项dejected“沮丧的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.单选题He doesnt（ ）much interest in his studies with the result that he fails in exams time and again.问题1选项A.indicateB.exertC.manifestD.express【答案】D【解析】express an interest in. 为固定搭配，意为

9、“对.表现出兴趣”。所以选项D正确。5.单选题If a decision is taken with majority voting, each member state can, in special cases,（ ）its particular national interests.问题1选项A.triggerB.assertC.fosterD.salute【答案】B【解析】trigger触发, 引起；assert维护, 主张；foster培养；salute致敬, 行礼。句意：如果一个决策以多数票通过, 那么在特殊情况下, 每一个成员国都可以维护其各自的国家利益。选项B符合句意。6.单选

10、题Many ecologists believe that raising rare animal species in protected environment will（ ） the decline of endangered wild life.问题1选项A.curbB.fosterC.inhibitD.shortens【答案】A【解析】curb控制；foster培养；inhibit抑制, 禁止；shorten缩短, 减少。句意：许多生态学家认为, 在环境保护区内饲养珍稀动物将遏制濒危野生动物的减少。选项A符合语境。7.单选题Just as the builder is skilled

11、 in the handling of his bricks, _ is the experienced writer in the handling of his words.问题1选项A.soB.asC.thusD.equally【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。句意：正如建筑工人熟练地使用他的砖，经验丰富的作家同样如此地运用他的文字。just as.so“就像，同样”，just as引出表示对比的从句，主句用so相对应，A选项so符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。8.单选题_, it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.问题

12、1选项A.As the brilliant white light that burning magnesium producesB.Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesiumC.The brilliant white light of burning magnesiumD.Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light【答案】B【解析】考查连词。句意：由于镁燃烧时发出明亮的白光，它被广泛用于制造照明弹和烟花。A选项中as“因为”只能接句子，不能接名词性短语；B选项中b

13、ecause of“因为”可以接名词性短语，符合题意；C选项是名词性短语，放进来整个句子结构错误；D选项是完整的句子，放进来构成两个独立的句子且没有连词进行连接，语法错误。因此B选项正确。9.单选题We will introduce legislation to simplify trademark registrations and extend the rights they _.问题1选项A.conferB.excludeC.allotD.commend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”；B选项exclude“不放在考虑之列；防止进入，阻

14、止参加，把排斥在外”；C选项allot“分配，配给（时间、钱财等）；分派（任务等）”；D选项commend“赞扬；举荐”。句意：我们将出台立法，简化商标注册程序，扩大他们_的权利。横线处和they形成主谓关系来修饰rights“权利”，A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”对应rights“权利”，符合题意。因此A选项正确。10.写作题More and more people are realizing the fact that students of humanity and art can benefit themselves a lot by attending to s

15、cience or engineering course, and the students of science and engineering can profit by referring to humanity disciplines such as literature, linguistics, history, and arts etc The importance of the relationship between art and science is known to all of us, though some many voice different opinions

16、. But how to relate science to art is a big question for students. Now please give your stance or pose as a researcher in your area in light of relating art to science if you are accepted as a postgraduate student.You should supply a title for your article which should be about 300 words in length.

17、In the first part of your article you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organizatio

18、n, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【答案】Science and Art11.单选题Whatever the causes, the English by the end of the year 2050 will have been more widely spoken and written than any other language _.问题1选项A.ever wasB.had ever beenC.would e

19、ver beD.has ever been【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英语的使用和书写将比现在任何其他语言都要广泛。will have been是将来完成时，此句表示英语在未来会比到目前为止在用的任何一门语言都应用广泛，形容其他语言的动词应该用现在完成时，D选项has ever been符合题意。A选项ever was是一般过去时，B选项had ever been是过去完成时，C选项would ever be是过去将来时，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。12.单选题A cycle ride walk or swim at least three times

20、a week will _ your circulation and help maintain a healthy bloom.问题1选项A.boostB.heightenC.compelD.renew【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项boost“促进”；B选项heighten“提高”；C选项compel“强迫”；D选项renew“更换；重新开始”。句意：每周至少骑三次自行车，散步或游泳，可以_你的血液循环，帮助保持健康的血液循环。横线处和your circulation“你的血液循环”形成动宾关系，只有A选项boost“促进”符合题意。因此A选项正确。13.单选题He had read

21、 a patent liver-circular, in which were detailed the various（ ）by which a man could tell his liver was out of order.问题1选项A.signalsB.systemC.symptomsD.symbols【答案】C【解析】句意：他读过一个专门的肝脏循环图, 里面详细地描述了各种症状, 人们通过这些症状可以知道他的肝脏是否出了问题。选项C符合句意。14.单选题The seller or his agents are not obliged in law to tell you of th

22、e defects or true conditions of the house. So, it is important that your own surveyor is sent to make a structural survey of the house after you have made an offer for in, but before you enter legal commitment.Your surveyors job is to find out all the internal and exterior defects in the house and t

23、o indicate to you how much money it will cost to put them right. He will tell you whether the house is worth the price being asked and may suggest a price to negotiate with the seller. If he does his job well, he will earn his-fee (which for a straightforward survey of a five-room house is not likel

24、y to be less than 50) by providing information which can be used to start negotiations.Many defects are not apparent to the ordinary house buyer but can be delec1ed detected by the expertthe surveyor. The building society or local authority from which you hope to get a loan will send itsis surveyor

25、too, whose fee you will have to pay. This surveyor makes only a valuation (not a full survey) to see whether the priority is good security for the part of the purchase price you might be leant. His report is confidential and may not be available to you, though building society may be prepared to tel

26、l the purchaser about really major defects following their valuation. They may in fact make it a condition of the mortgage that you will have the defects repaired within a stated time (at your own expense of course).If you are building a new house, you will also need assurance that the house is prop

27、erly built and the building will accept the responsibility for any defects that may appear due to poor design, materials or workmanship. If a builder is restricted with National House-Builders Registration Council, you will know that the house has been spot-check inspected at periodic intervals duri

28、ng buildings. Arbitration machinery and for newly-built house, a 10-year protection against major structural defects, exist should things go wrong and the builder seek to avoid responsibility.If the builder is not registered it will be wise to get a competent surveyor to check the house over during

29、various stages of construction. (He will charge a fee for each visit to the site.)1. What stage in buying a house is a surveyor employed?2. What is the main reason to employ a surveyor?3. Why does the building society or local authority send is own surveyor?4. The main difference between the surveyo

30、rs employed by you and the building society is that _.5. The buyer of a new house has to be sure that _.问题1选项A.After you have inspected the house yourself.B.Shortly before you take up residence in the house.C.Before you have any kind of discussion about the price.D.During the early stage of free neg

31、otiation.问题2选项A.To inspect and report on the condition of the house.B.To tell you the true value of the house.C.To assist you in negotiating for a lower price.D.To advise you about carrying out repairs.问题3选项A.To provide them with information they need in advising the possible buyer.B.To check the re

32、port prepared by the buyers surveyor.C.To check what repairs the buyer must carry out before getting a loan.D.To find out whether it will be advisable to lend the purchase money.问题4选项A.the second surveyor is not interested in the defects of the houseB.you do not have to pay for the second surveyorC.

33、the second surveyors job is to decide what the house is worthD.the second surveyors job is to find out whether house is fit to live in问题5选项A.the construction of the house has been constantly supervisedB.serious constructional faults will be put right during various stages of constructionC.he will ha

34、ve legal protection in the case of a dispute with the builderD.the builder is registered with the National House-Builders Registration Council【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段So, it is important that your own surveyor is sent to make a structural survey of the house after you ha

35、ve made an offer for it, but before you enter legal commitment.（因此，重要的是，在你提出报价后，但在你进入法律承诺之前，要派你自己的测量师对房子进行结构测量）和第二段Your surveyors job is to find out all the internal and exterior defects in the house and to indicate to you how much money it will cost to put them right. He will tell you whether the h

36、ouse is worth the price being asked and may suggest a price to negotiate with the seller.（你的测量师负责找出房子里所有的内部和外部缺陷，并告诉你修复这些缺陷需要多少钱。他会告诉你房子的价格是否值得商谈。），由此可知测量师是在你与卖方讨论价格之前为你工作的，所以C选项“在你讨论价格之前”正确。A选项“你自己检查完房子之后”，文章没有提到需要自己检查房子，且这是测量师的工作，属于无中生有；B选项“在你住进这所房子之前不久”以及D选项“在自由谈判的早期阶段”都与文章事实不相符，属于曲解原文。因此C选项正确。2.

37、推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段Your surveyors job is to find out all the internal and exterior defects in the house and to indicate to you how much money it will cost to put them right. He will tell you whether the house is worth the price being asked and may suggest a price to negotiate with the seller.（你的测量师负

38、责找出房子里所有的内部和外部缺陷，并告诉你修复这些缺陷需要多少钱。他会告诉你房子的价格是否值得商谈。），由此可知请测量师的主要原因是为了让你知道自己房子的价格是否值得商谈，所以B选项“告诉你房子的真正价值”正确。A选项“检查并报告房屋状况”，此处虽然有提及，但这是测量师的主要工作，并不是请他的主要原因，属于张冠李戴；C选项“帮助你谈一个更低的价格”，此处提到测量师只会告诉你房子的价格是否值得商谈，并不会帮助你谈价，属于曲解原文；D选项“建议你进行修理”，此处提到测量师只会告诉你修理房子缺陷的大概费用，没有提到他们会建议你修理，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章三

39、段The building society or local authority from which you hope to get a loan will send its surveyor too, whose fee you will have to pay.They may in fact make it a condition of the mortgage that you will have the defects repaired within a stated time (at your own expense of course).（你希望从那里获得贷款的房屋互助协会或地

40、方当局也会派遣测量师，你必须支付测量师的费用事实上，他们可能会以你在规定的时间内修复缺陷作为抵押的条件，当然是费用自理。），由此可推断出房屋互助协会和地方当局请测量师的原因是为了检查买方在贷款前需要的维修之处，所以C选项“检查买方在获得贷款前必须进行的维修”正确。A选项“向他们提供他们在向潜在买家提供建议时所需的信息”文章没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项“检查买方检验师准备的报告”对应文章第三段，该段中只提到房屋互助协会或地方当局请的测量师的最终报告买方是无法看到的，并不是说他们请测量师是为了检查买方检验师所准备的报告，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“看看借出购买款项是否明智”文章没有提及，属于无中

41、生有。因此C选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段The building society or local authority from which you hope to get a loan will send its surveyor too, whose fee you will have to pay. They may in fact make it a condition of the mortgage that you will have the defects repaired within a stated time (at your own expense

42、 of course).（你希望获得贷款的房屋互助协会或地方当局也会派遣测量师，你必须支付测量师的费用事实上，他们可能会以你在规定的时间内修复缺陷作为抵押的条件，当然，费用由你自己承担），由此可知房屋互助协会雇佣的测量师是为了测量房子缺陷，用此作为评估给你贷款的依据，如果缺陷重大不宜居住，地方当局会先让你修复好，直到房子适宜居住再贷款给你，所以D选项“第二种测量师的工作是找出房子是否适合居住”正确。A选项“第二种测量师对房子的缺陷不感兴趣”说法错误，第二段说到测量师的工作就是检查房子缺陷，该选项属于反向干扰；B选项“你不必付钱给第二类测量师”说法错误，第三段提到了“whose fee you

43、will have to pay”，所以该选项也属于反向干扰；C选项“第二种测量师的工作是决定房子的价值”，决定房子价值的是第一类测量师，属于张冠李戴。因此D选项正确。5.推理判断题。由题干可定位到第四段第一句If you are building a new house, you will also need assurance that the house is properly built and the building will accept the responsibility for any defects that may appear due to poor design,

44、materials or workmanship.（如果你正在建造一所新房子，你还需要确保房子合理建造，并且将为建筑由于设计、材料或工艺不良而可能出现的任何缺陷责任。），由此可知需要确保房子的质量，确保房子没有大问题，所以B选项“严重的施工失误将在施工的各个阶段得到纠正”正确。D选项“建筑公司在国家房屋建筑商注册委员会注册”对应第五段If the builder is not registered it will be wise to get a competent surveyor to check the house over during various stages of constr

45、uction.（如果建筑商没有注册，最好找一个有资质的测量师在不同的施工阶段检查房屋。），由此可知建筑商是否注册不是考查的必要条件，属于反向干扰。A选项“房子的建造始终受到监督”对应第四段第二句“If a builder is restricted with National House-Builders Registration Council, you will know that the house has been spot-check inspected at periodic intervals during buildings.（如果一个建筑商受管制于国家房屋建筑商注册委员会，你

46、就知道该房屋在建造期间会被定期抽查。）”，结合第五段可知在国家房屋建筑商注册委员会注册过的会受到监督，而建筑商不一定注册，属于曲解原文。C选项“如果与建筑商发生纠纷，将受到法律保护”对应第四段最后一句“Arbitration machinery and for newly-built house, a 10-year protection against major structural defects, exist should things go wrong and the builder seek to avoid responsibility.（仲裁机制为防止房屋重大结构缺陷和建筑商逃

47、避责任，对新建房屋有10年保护期。）”，由此可知如果和建筑商发生纠纷，原本就会受到法律保护，不需要去确定这件事，属于曲解原文。因此B选项正确。15.单选题In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and（ ）by means of wooden paddles.问题1选项A.dockedB.propelledC.chokedD.perceived【答案】B【解析】dock使靠码头；propel推进, 驱使；choke阻塞, 抑制；perceive觉察, 感知。句意：在北美, 最早的独木舟是用原木建造的, 并由木桨

48、推动前行。选项B符合语境。16.单选题She had been charged with being an（ ）to the embezzlement of funds from a cooperative farm.问题1选项A.accessB.accessoryC.accessibilityD.accession【答案】B【解析】access使用权, 通路；accessory配件, 附件, 从犯；accessibility易接近, 可得到；accession增加, 就职。句意：她被指控为挪用一个合作农场资金的从犯。选项B符合句意。17.单选题If you have any clothes

49、_ today, give them to me.问题1选项A.to washB.to be washedC.for washingD.being washed【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你今天有衣服要洗，就给我。在固定句型have (give, show) sth. to do中，不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，动词不定式作定语，用主动形式表被动意义，A选项to wash符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。18.单选题Modem industry is based on the （ ） of the maximum productio

50、n at the lowest cost.问题1选项A.planB.projectC.conceptionD.idea【答案】C【解析】句意：现代产业所基于的理念是低成本高产量。选项C符合语境。19.单选题Grain production in the world is（ ） but still millions go hungry.问题1选项A.staggeringB.shrinkingC.soaringD.suspending【答案】C【解析】stagger蹒跚，交错；shrink收缩；soar高涨；suspend延缓，推迟。 句意：世界粮食产量正在高涨，但仍有数百万人挨饿。选项C符合语境

51、。20.单选题The tryptophan in the Thanksgiving turkey had _ effect, inducing sleep in those who consumed it.问题1选项A.an invigoratingB.depreciatoryC.hypnoticD.lethal【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。A选项an invigorating“使精力充沛的”；B选项depreciatory“贬值的”；C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩节火鸡中的色氨酸有_的作用，能让吃火鸡的人入睡。色氨酸可以让人们入睡，

52、可见有让人产生困意的作用，C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。21.单选题Just as the soil is a part of the earth, _the atmosphere.问题1选项A.as it isB.the same isC.so isD.and equally is【答案】C【解析】考查倒装结构。句意：正如土壤是地球的一部分一样，大气也是地球的一部分。So+助动词或系动词等+另一个主语B，说明主语B和主句的主语具有同样的性质，在句中大气和土壤具有同样的性质，即都属于地球的一部分，C选项so is符合题意。其余选项用法错误。A选项as

53、it is“事实上”；B选项the same is“相同的是”，放进题目构成两个独立的句子，语法错误；D选项and equally is中equally是副词，不能充当主语。因此C选项正确。22.单选题The fireman（ ）the baby and carried him out of the burning house.问题1选项A.caught upB.seized upC.snatched upD.held up【答案】C【解析】catch up赶上；seize up中止，失灵；snatch up夺取，抓起；hold up举起，阻挡。句意：消防队员一把抓起孩子，把他从着火的房子里抱

54、了出来。选项C符合语境。23.单选题Before the 19th century, there were almost no channels of social （ ）.问题1选项A.mobilityB.availabilityC.adaptabilityD.probability【答案】A【解析】social mobility为固定搭配, 意为“社会流动性”。句意：十九世纪以前几乎不存在社会流动性的渠道。选项A符合语境。24.单选题My aunt（ ）a brightly-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget her ap

55、pointment.问题1选项A.woundB.curvedC.spunD.bent【答案】A【解析】wind缠绕；curve使弯曲；spin旋转；bend弯曲。句意：阿姨在手指上绕了一根颜色鲜艳的线, 这样就不会忘记她的约定了。选项A符合语境。25.单选题Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Courts ruling Monday upholding the goal of a

56、diverse student body. Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by must selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of more lawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Educations Office of Civi

57、l Rights to investigate questionable policies. “Were talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any program.only for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different.” says Linda Chavez, founder and president of the Center for Equal Opportunity, a conse

58、rvative non-profit group.Others say theyll take their case to voters. “We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box.” says University of California regent Ward Connerly, who helped win voter approval of Californias Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in public educ

59、ation, hiring and contracting. Because of that law, Mondays ruling had no practical impact in the state. “It may be time for us to.let the (Michigan) voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admissions.” Connerly said.Meanwhile, U.S. Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent with Presid

60、ent Bushs stance opposing affirmative action, said the Department of Education will “continue examining and highlighting effective race-neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions”. Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor, in one of the opinions, r