2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号53

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

EventhepresidentisnotreallytheCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructured.PowerinWashingtonis（

）andhorizontallyspreadout.

问题1选项

A.prudent

B.reversible

C.diffuse

D.mandatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prudent“谨慎的；精明的；节俭的”；B选项reversible“可逆的；可撤销的；可反转的”；C选项diffuse“弥漫的，散开的”；D选项mandatory“强制的；托管的”。句意：甚至总统也不是真正的CEO。没有人是。公司的权力集中在垂直结构上。华盛顿的权力是……并且横向分散的。由前后句意对比可知，此处应表示华盛顿权力的结构是分散的，水平的。因此C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

If,besidestheaccomplishmentsofbeingwittyandill-natured,amanisviciousintothebargain,heisoneofthemostmischievouscreaturesthatcanenterintoacivilsociety.Hissatirewillthenchieflyfalluponthosewhooughttobethemostexemptfromit.Virtue,merit,andeverythingthatispraiseworthy,willbemadethesubjectofridiculeandbuffoonery.Itisimpossibletoenumeratetheevilswhicharisefromthesearrowsthatflyinthedark;andIknownootherexcusethatisorcanbemadeforthem,thanthatthewoundstheygiveareonlyimaginary,andproducenothingmorethanasecretshameorsorrowinthemindofthesufferingperson.Itmustindeedbeconfessedthatalampoonorasatiredonotcarryinthemrobberyormurder;butatthesametime,howmanyaretherethatwouldnotratherloseaconsiderablesumofmoney,orevenlifeitself,thanbesetupasamarkofinfamyandderision?Andinthiscaseamanshouldconsiderthataninjuryisnottobemeasuredbythenotionsofhimthatgives,butofhimthatreceivesit.Thosewhocanputthebestcountenanceupontheoutragesofthisnaturewhichofferedthem,arenotwithouttheirsecretanguish.IhaveoftenobservedapassageinSocrates’behaviorathisdeathinalightwhereinnoneofthecriticshaveconsideredit.Thatexcellentmanentertaininghisfriendsalittlebeforehedrankthebowlofpoison,withadiscourseontheimmortalityofthesoul,athisenteringuponitsaysthathedoesnotbelieveanythemostcomicgeniuscancensurehimfortalkinguponsuchasubjectatsuchatime.Thispassage,Ithink,evidentlyglancesuponAristophanes,whowroteacomedyonpurposetoridiculethediscoursesofthatdivinephilosopher.IthasbeenobservedbymanywritersthatSocrateswassolittlemovedatthispieceofbuffoonery,thathewasseveraltimespresentatitsbeingacteduponthestage,andneverexpressedtheleastresentmentofit.But,withsubmission,IthinktheremarkIhaveheremadeshowsusthatthisunworthytreatmentmadeanimpressionuponhismind,thoughhehadbeentoowisetodiscoverit.WhenJuliusCaesarwaslampoonedbyCatullus,heinvitedhimtoasupper,andtreatedhimwithsuchagenerouscivility,thathemadethepoethisfriendeverafter.CardinalMazarinegavethesamekindoftreatmenttothelearnedQuillet,whohadreflecteduponhiseminenceinafamousLatinpoem.Thecardinalsentforhim,and,aftersomekindexpostulationsuponwhathehadwritten,assuredhimofhisesteem,anddismissedhimwithapromiseofthenextgoodabbeythatshouldfall,whichheaccordinglyconferreduponhiminafewmonthsafter.Thishadsogoodaneffectupontheauthor,thathededicatedthesecondeditionofhisbooktothecardinal,afterhavingexpungedthepassageswhichhadgivenhimoffence.ThoughinthevariousexampleswhichIhaveheredrawntogether,theseseveralgreatmenbehavedthemselvesverydifferentlytowardsthewitsoftheagewhohadreproachedthem,theyallofthemplainlyshowedthattheywereverysensibleoftheirreproaches,andconsequentlythattheyreceivedthemasverygreatinjuries.Formyownpart,IwouldnevertrustamanthatIthoughtwascapableofgivingthesesecretwounds;andcannotbutthinkthathewouldhurttheperson,whosereputationhethusassaults,inhisbodyorinhisfortune,couldhedoitwiththesamesecurity.Thereisindeedsomethingverybarbarousandinhumanintheordinaryscribblersoflampoons.Ihaveindeedheardofheedless,inconsideratewritersthat,withoutanymalice,havesacrificedthereputationoftheirfriendsandacquaintancetoacertainlevityoftemper,andasillyambitionofdistinguishingthemselvesbyaspiritofrailleryandsatire,asifitwerenotinfinitelymorehonourabletobeagood-naturedmanthanawit.Wherethereisthislittlepetulanthumorinanauthor,heisoftenverymischievouswithoutdesigningtobeso.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thosewhowanttotrivializesatiretendtosuggestthat（

）.

2.Whatwouldbethebeststrategyfortheobjectofsatiretoadopt,accordingtotheauthor?

3.Themainpurposeofthisarticleis

（

）.

4.Whentheauthorspeaksof“thislittlepetulanthumor",itisevidentthathemeans（

）.

5.Inviewoftheopinionoftheauthor,itisunlikelythattheauthorisa

（

）.

问题1选项

A.thedamageisimmaterial

B.theeffectismerebuffoonery

C.witisastreakofgenius

D.themischiefmustbetakeninaspiritofraillery

问题2选项

A.Totakenoheed.

B.Toplacatetheauthor.

C.Totakeoffence.

D.Tosuffertheconsequences.

问题3选项

A.thederisionoftheperpetratorsofsatire

B.awarningagainstmischievousscribblers

C.creatingunderstandingofthegenre

D.reproachingfellowsatirists

问题4选项

A.good-naturedwit

B.thecholerictemper

C.asillyambition

D.submission

问题5选项

A.manofletters

B.satirist

C.wit

D.agood-naturedman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。文章第一段说到“Hissatirewillthenchieflyfalluponthosewhooughttobethemostexemptfromit.Virtue,merit,andeverythingthatispraiseworthy,willbemadethesubjectofridiculeandbuffoonery.Itisimpossibletoenumeratetheevilswhicharisefromthesearrowsthatflyinthedark”，讽刺文学主要抨击那些不该受到这种待遇的人，并且也不可能列举出这些暗箭，这种伤害是无形的。因此A选项符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。对于这一点，作者引用了JuliusCaesar的例子，“WhenJuliusCaesarwaslampoonedbyCatullus,heinvitedhimtoasupper,andtreatedhimwithsuchagenerouscivility,thathemadethepoethisfriendeverafter”,凯撒受到卡图卢斯嘲讽时，对这个作者慷慨以待，请他吃饭。可知凯撒的做法是安抚作者，因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.主旨大意题。文章一开始就在说讽刺文学主要抨击那些最不该受此待遇的人，后面又提到一些作家牺牲朋友和熟人的声誉，来显示自己的与众不同，借此出名，满足自己愚蠢的野心。因此本文旨在批判讽刺作家，D选项符合题意。

第4题:4.作者意图题。由关键词条“thislittlepetulanthumor”定位到文章结尾处，再往前看到“Ihaveindeedheardofheedless,inconsideratewritersthat,withoutanymalice,havesacrificedthereputationoftheirfriendsandacquaintancetoacertainlevityoftemper,andasillyambitionofdistinguishingthemselvesbyaspiritofrailleryandsatire”，在作者看来，这种讽刺作家牺牲朋友和熟人的声誉来彰显自己的不同，是一种愚蠢的野心。因此C选项符合题意。

第5题:5.判断推理题。本文旨在批判讽刺文学，因此本文作者最不可能会是一个讽刺作家。B选项符合题意。

3.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Thenotionthatinanimateobjectsaresubjecttotheirownexperiencemaysoundabsurd;anditis.However,thereasontodismissitisnotintuition—conditionedasthelatterisbyunexaminedculturalassumptions—butsimplelogic.（1）

Yousee,themovementfrom“consciousnessistheintrinsicnatureofthephysicalworld”to“subatomicparticlesareconscious”reliesonaflawedlogicalbridge:itattributestothatwhichexperiencesastructurediscernibleonlyintheexperienceitself.

Theconceptofsubatomicparticlesismotivatedbyexperimentswhoseoutcomesareaccessibletousonlyintheformofconsciousperception.（2）

Evenwhendelicateinstrumentationisused,theoutputofthisinstrumentationisonlyavailabletousasperception.Thoseexperimentsshowthattheimagesonthescreenofperceptioncanbedividedupintoever-smallerelements,untilwereachalimit.Atthislimit,wefindthesmallestdiscernibleconstituentsoftheimages,whicharethusakintopixels.Assuch,subatomicparticlesarethe“pixels”ofexperience,notnecessarilyoftheexperiencer.Thelatterdoesnotfollowfromtheformer.

（3）Therefore,thatlivingbodiesaremadeofsubatomicparticlesdoesnotnecessarilysayanythingaboutthestructureoftheexperiencer:abodyisitselfanimageonthescreenofperceptionandsowillnecessarilybe“pixelated”insofarasitisperceived.Suchpixilationreflectstheidiosyncrasiesofthescreenofperception,notnecessarilythestructureofthesubjectitself.Asananalogy,thepixelatedimageofapersononatelevisionscreenreflectstheidiosyncrasiesofthetelevisionscreen;itdoesnotmeanthatthepersonherselfismadeupofpixels.

Ithussubmitthatconsciousnessisindeedtheintrinsicnatureofthephysicalworld,butsubatomicparticlesandotherinanimateobjectsarenotconscioussubjects.（4）

Afterall,asFreyaMatthewspointedout,theboundariesofinanimateobjectsaremerelynominal—wheredoestheriverstopandtheoceanbegin?Whereasthoseofconscioussubjectsareunambiguouslydeterminedby,forinstance,therangeofthesubjects'internalperceptions.Soinanimateobjectscannotbeconscioussubjects.

Withinanimateobjectsexcluded,onlylivingorganismsandtheinanimateuniverseasawholecanbeconscioussubjects.Thisway,asalivingnervoussystemistheextrinsicappearanceofanorganism'sinnerexperiences,sotheinanimateuniverseasawholeistheextrinsicappearanceofuniversalinnerexperiences.Circumstantially,theinanimateuniverseatitslargestscaleshasindeedbeenfoundtostructurallyresembleanervoussystem.（5）

Underthisview,thereisnothingitfeelsliketobeaspoonorastone,forthesamereasonthatthereisnothingitfeelsliketobe—atleastasfarasyoucanassessthroughintrospection—oneofyourneuronsinandofitself.Thereisonlysomethingitfeelsliketobeyournervoussystemasawhole—thatis,you.Analogously,thereisonlysomethingitfeelsliketobetheinanimateuniverseasawhole.

【答案】1.仔细想想，从“意识是物理世界的本质”到“亚原子粒子有自由意志”的转变建立在一个有瑕疵的逻辑之上。这种有瑕疵的逻辑属于那种体验者，它将本身视作一种只有在体验中才能辨别的结构。

2.即使（在实验中）我们使用了精密的仪器，但仪器的输出结果也只能通过感知的方式获取。这些实验表明，我们的感知之屏上放映的图像可以进一步分化成更小的成分，直到不可再分。

3.因此，生命体是由亚原子粒子构成，这并不一定说明了体验者的结构。一个身体本身就是感知屏幕上的一个图像，因此只要它被感知到，就必然会被“像素化”。

4.毕竟，正如弗莱娅•马修斯所指出的那样，无生命物体的边界只是象征性的——河流止于何处，海洋源于何处?而那些有意识的主体的界限则是明确的，可以由主体的内部感知范围确定。

5.以这种观点看，没有勺子或石头的内在体验，同样，你的神经元本身也不具有什么内在体验，至少你通过自省就可以察觉到。

4.单选题

Thisidea,intheavowedpantheismofSpinoza,wassufferedtolapseduringthe18thcentury,wasrevivedagainbyLessingandHerder,andbecameoneofthecentralideasofthegreatRomanticandHegelianmovementsinGermanyinthe19thcentury.

问题1选项

A.cease

B.thrive

C.supersede

D.deplete

【答案】A

【解析】句意：斯宾诺莎宣扬的泛神论中提出的这一思想在18世纪遭到了……，莱辛和赫尔德又重新提出了这一思想，它成为了19世纪德国伟大的浪漫主义和黑格尔运动的核心思想之一。A选项cease“停止；结束”；B选项thrive“繁荣；兴旺”；C选项supersede“取代”；D选项deplete“耗尽；使衰竭”。句中既然说到“重新提出”，说明在18世纪这一思想是被终止或禁止传播的。因此A选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thatwasaman-madedisasterthatclearly[A]couldhaveavertedifthefederalgovernment,specificallytheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,[B]hadquicklymarshaled[C]thepoliticalwillandresourcestoevacuatethosewithoutaccesstocars,insteadofpromotingonitsWebsiteafaith-basedcharity[D]thatwasclearlynomatchfortheproblem.

问题1选项

A.couldhaveaverted

B.hadquicklymarshaled

C.thepoliticalwill

D.thatwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态。A选项前的主语aman-madedisaster“人为的灾难”，与avert“避免”之间应为被动关系，应将couldhaveaverted改为couldhavebeenaverted。

6.单选题

Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsaswellasagreedconventions（

）thesewordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage.

问题1选项

A.asthewaybywhich

B.bythewayinwhich

C.astothewayinwhich

D.inthewayofwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我们每个人都与我们所生活的社会分享着大量的词汇以及约定的惯例，……这些词汇排列组合起来后可以表达特定意义。后半句是对前半句中约定的惯例进一步解释，因此只有C选项“至于这种惯例（方式）”可将前后衔接起来。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.当前，世情、国情、党情继续发生着深刻变化，我们面临的发展机遇和风险挑战前所未有。全党一定要牢记人民的信任和重托，更加奋发有为、兢兢业业地工作，继续推动科学发展、促进社会和谐，继续改善人民生活、增进人民福祉，完成时代赋予的光荣而艰巨的任务。

2.学生活动是美国大学的一个显著特点，每周都有数不清的由学生组织的各种各样的活动。这些活动涵盖了体育、文艺、文化、政治和社会等各个方面，其主要目的是为了娱乐。新的学生活动组织不断涌现，而中国学生的参与使这一局面变得更加热烈，他们甚至在耶鲁大学上演了曹禺的话剧《雷雨》。

3.中国是一个有五千年历史的文明古国，有着与外来文化取长补短、兼容并蓄的传统。我们的祖先历来强调“以和为贵”。由此，中国人民选择和平发展的道路是基于中国的文化传统、是基于惨痛的历史与严酷的现实所做出的明智选择。

【答案】1.Atpresent,astheglobal,nationalandourParty’sconditionscontinuetoundergoprofoundchanges,wearefacedwithunprecedentedopportunitiesfordevelopmentaswellasrisksandchallenges.ThewholePartymustbearinmindthetrustthepeoplehaveplacedinusandthegreatexpectationtheyhaveofus.Wemustaimhigherandworkharderandcontinuetoboostthescientificdevelopment,promotesocialharmony,andimprovepeople’slivessoastocompletethegloriousandarduoustasksbestowedonusbythetimes.

2.StudentactivitiesareanotherremarkablefeatureofAmericancollegelife.Eachweektherearecountlessactivitiesofallsortsorganizedbystudents—athletic,artistic,cultural,politicalorsocial,allofwhicharejustforfun.Newstudentorganizationsareconstantlybeingcreated,andChinesestudentscontributetothisferment.TheyevenstageCaoYu’splayRainstorminYale.

3.Chinaisanancientcivilizationwitha5,000-year-longhistory,havingthetraditionofseekingmutualcomplementarities,accommodationandintegrationwithforeigncultures.Ourancestorshavealwaysemphasizedthe“cherishingofharmony”.Accordingly,thechoicebytheChinesepeopletofollowapeacefulpathtodevelopmentisawisedecisionbasedonChina’straditionalculture,painfulhistoryandseriousreality.

8.单选题

Unlikethelibertarians,hedoesnotbelievethestateisasecond-orderphenomenon,amereenablerorprotectorofwhatpeoplechoosetodoincivilsocietyor,alternatively,asaboteuroftheirfreedoms.

问题1选项

A.attributor

B.distracter

C.destroyer

D.precursor

【答案】C

【解析】与自由主义者不同，他不认为国家是一种二阶现象，仅仅是公民社会中人们选择做什么的推动者或保护者，或者是他们自由的破坏者。由“…or,alternatively”可知前后是截然相反的两种角色，前者是enabler和protector，则saboteur与之是相对立的。A选项attributor“属性；特质”；B选项distracter“误选项；干扰项”；C选项destroyer“破坏者”；D选项precursor“先驱，前导”。比较选项可知C选项符合题意。

9.单选题

AlthoughKantarguedthatlyingwas“theobliterationofone’sdignityasahumanbeing”andheldthattheruleagainstlyingwasabsolute,（

）nowadaysthatthemoralrulenottoliehastobequalifiedbycircumstance.

问题1选项

A.littlewoulddisagree

B.fewwoulddisagree

C.littlewouldagree

D.fewwouldagree

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。状语从句的主语是康德，可知主句应为表示“人”的代词，因此可排除不能指代人的little，即A和C选项。句意：康德认为说谎是“人的尊严的丧失”，认为反对说谎的规则是绝对的，但很少有人否认诚实这一道德准则不得不受制于环境。此处用双重否定表示肯定。因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Inthe1960sand'70softhelastunlamentedcentury,therewasaNewYorktelevisionproducernamedDavidSusskind.Hewascommerciallysuccessful;hewasalso,surprisingly,amanofstrongpoliticalviewswhichheknewhowtopresentsotactfullythatnetworkswereoftenunawareofjustwhathewasgettingawaywithontheir—our—air.Politically,helikedtogetstrong-mindedgueststositwithhimataroundtableinarattybuildingatthecornerofBroadwayand42ndStreet.Soonerorlater,justabouteveryoneofinterestappearedonhisprogram.Needlesstosay,healsohadtimeforVivienLeightodiscussherrecentdivorcefromLaurenceOlivier,whichsummonedforththemysteriouscryfromtheformerScarlettO'Hara,“IamdeeplysorryforanywomanwhowasnotmarriedtoLarryOlivier.”Sincethistookinseveralbillionladies(nottomentionthosegentlemenwhomighthaveofferedtofill,asitwere,thebreach),Leighcausedaproperstir,asdidtheballerinaAliciaMarkova,whogentlyassuredusthat“aMarkovacomesonlyonceeveryhundredyearsorso.”

Isuspectitwasthedimlightingonthesetthatinvitedsuchnakedtruths.Davidwatchedhispennies.Idon'trecallhow,orwhen,webeganour“StatesoftheUnion”programs.Butwedidthemyearafteryear.Iwouldfollowwhoeverhappenedtobepresident,andI'dcorrecthis“real”StateoftheUnionwithoneofmyown,improvisingfromquestionsthatDavidwouldprepare.Iwasapoliticalpunditbecauseina1960racefortheHouseofRepresentatives(upstateNewYork),Igotmorevotesthantheheadoftheticket,JFK;in1962,IturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.Senateonthesensiblegroundthatitwasnotwinnable;Ialsohadaprettygoodmemoryinthosedays,nowa-janglewithwarningbellsasItrytorecallthenationaldebtor,morepoignantly,whereIlastsawmyglasses.

I'vejustcomeacrossmy“StateoftheUnion”asof1972.In1972,Ibegin:“Accordingtothepolls,oursecondprincipalconcerntodayisthebreakdownoflawandorder.”(What,Iwonder,wasthefirst?Let'shopeitwasthepointless,seven-year—atthatpoint—warinSoutheastAsia.)Inotedthattothosedie-hardconservatives,“lawandorder”isusuallyacodephrasemeaning“gettheblacks.”While,towhatanorexic,vacant-eyedblondewomenonTVnowdescribeasthe“liberalelite,”wewerepushingthecareful—thatis,slow—eliminationofpoverty.Butthen,Isayverymildly,wehaveonlyonepoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates,thePropertyParty,withtworightwings,RepublicanandDemocrat.SinceItendedtospeaktoconservativeaudiencesinsuchcivilizedplacesasMedford,Oregon;Parkersburg,WestVirginia;andLongview,Washington,thereare,predictably,afewgaspsatthisrejectionofsomuchreceivedopinion.Therearealsoquiteafewnodsfrominterestedcitizenswhofinditdifficultatelectiontimetotellthepartiesapart.WasitinpristineMedfordthatIactuallysawthenoddingRalphNaderwhomIwas,tohishorror,torunforpresidentthatyearinEsquire?Inspiredbythenods,Istarttogeldthelily,asthelateSamGoldwynusedtosay.TheRepublicansareoftenmoredoctrinairethantheDemocrats,whoarewillingtomakesmall—verysmall—adjustmentswherethepoorandblackareconcernedwhilegivingaidandcomforttotheanti-imperialists.

1.WemayunderstandAliciaMarkovatobe（

）.

2.Inthepassage,theauthorremindsthereaderthatthebroadcastbandsare

（

）.

3.Theauthornowfindsitdifficultto

（

）.

4.Theauthorobservesthatanti-crimeinitiativesbyAmerica'spoliticalrightofteneitherresultinorarebasedupon

（

）.

5.TheauthorwasinvitedtoparticipateinSuskind'stelevisionprogramsbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.acurrentpopularfigureintheUnitedStates

B.amuchsought-afterinterviewsubject

C.apopular,ratherthanintellectual,interviewsubject

D.aRussiandefectortotheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.invariablyusedforthepublicgood

B.private,ratherthanpublic,property

C.public,ratherthanprivate,property

D.fairandbalanced

问题3选项

A.runforSenate

B.differentiatebetweenaRepublicanandaDemocrat

C.rememberdetailsorinformation

D.identifycode-wordsinthemedia

问题4选项

A.thedesiretoeliminatepoverty

B.protectionofproperty

C.theStateoftheUnion

D.profiling.

问题5选项

A.ofhisvariedpoliticalexperience

B.heturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.Senate

C.hisknowledgeofLarryOlivier

D.hisstatusasananti-imperialist

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由第一段中“Leighcausedaproperstir,asdidtheballerinaAliciaMarkova,whogentlyassuredusthat‘aMarkovacomesonlyonceeveryhundredyearsorso.’费雯•丽（英国电影演员）引起了一场特有的轰动，正如芭蕾舞女演员艾丽西亚•玛克娃温和地向我们保证‘一个玛克娃每一百年左右才出现一次’所带来的轰动一样。”和文中提及“大卫•萨斯坎德（DavidSusskind）是纽约的一位电视节目制作人”可推知“艾丽西亚•玛克娃是一位受欢迎而不理智的采访对象”，C选项正确。

第2题:2.推理判断题。由第一段中“…sotactfullythatnetworkswereoftenunawareofjustwhathewasgettingawaywithontheir-our-air…如此巧妙地，以至于广播电视网经常不知晓他(即大卫•萨斯坎德)在他们自己的电台上侥幸逃脱了什么。”可知B选项“私有的而不是公有的财产”正确。

第3题:3.细节事实题。由第二段中“IturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.senateonthesensiblegroundthatitwasnotwinnable…我基于明智的理由（即进入参议院是不可成功的）而拒绝了美国参议员民主党提名”可知A选项“竞选参议院席位”正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。由第三段中“Butthen,Isayverymildly,wehaveonlyonepoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates,thePropertyParty,withtworightwings,RepublicanandDemocrat.然而，我非常温和地说，我们在美国只有一个政党，即产权党，它有着民主党和共和党两个权力党派。”可知B选项“保护产权”正确。

第5题:5.细节事实题。由第三段中“Iwasapoliticalpundit…我是一位政治专家”可知A项“他的各种政治经验”正确。

11.单选题

Itcanhardlybedeniedtheproliferationofso-calleddirtybooksandfilmshas,todate,reachedalmostasaturationpoint.Peopledonotacknowledgethe（

）factthatchildrenareboundtobeexposedto“dirtywords”inamyriadofwaysotherthanthroughthepublicairwaves.

问题1选项

A.irrefutable

B.concrete

C.inevitable

D.haphazard

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项irrefutable“不能驳倒的；不能回答的”；B选项concrete“具体的；实在的”；C选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”；D选项haphazard“偶然的；随便的；无计划的”。句意：不可否认，到目前为止所谓的肮脏的书籍和电影的扩散几乎达到了饱和点。人们不承认这一……事实，即除了通过公共广播，孩子们注定要以各种各样的方式接触“脏话”。由前后句意可知，这一事实是“无法辩驳的”，因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Whatare[A]thequalitiesthatapersonneedsinordertomakeagreatspeech?ThereisanoldChinesesaying[B]thatgoes,“amanisgoodbecauseofhismouth,andahorseisgoodbecauseofitslegs.”Humans[C]haveabilitytocommunicatethroughspeech,andinspeechwehaveaspecialopportunity[D]tomakeimpact.

问题1选项

A.thequalities

B.thatgoes

C.haveability

D.tomakeimpact

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。D选项处应表示“产生影响”，impact是可数名词，因此正确用法应为“tomakeanimpact”。

13.单选题

Duringthemid-1980s,myfamilyandIspenta（1）yearinthehistorictownofSt.Andrews,Scotland.ComparinglifetherewithlifeinAmerica,wewereimpressedbya

（2）

disconnectionbetweennationalwealthandwell-being.TomostAmericans,Scottishlifewouldhaveseemed

（3）

.IncomeswereabouthalfthatintheU.S.AmongfamiliesintheKingdomofFifesurroundingSt.Andrews,44percentdidnotownacar,andwenevermetafamilythatownedtwo.Centralheatinginthisplace

（4）

southofIcelandwas,atthattime,stillaluxury.

Inhundredsofconversationsduringouryearthereandduringthreehalfsummerstayssince,we

（5）

noticethat,

（6）

theirsimplerliving,theScotsappeared（7）

joyfulthanAmericans.WeheardcomplaintsaboutMargaretThatcher,butneveraboutbeingunderpaidorunabletoaffordwants.

Withinanycountry,suchasourown,arerichpeoplehappier?Inpoorcountries,beingrelativelywelloffdoesmake

（8）

somewhatbetterwelloff.Butinaffluentcountries,wherenearlyeveryonecanaffordlife'snecessities,increasingaffluencematters

（9）

little.IntheU.S.,Canada,andEurope,thecorrelationbetweenincomeandhappinessis,asUniversityofMichiganresearchernotedina1980s16-nationstudy,“virtually

（10）

”.Happinessislower

（11）

theverypoor.Butoncecomfortable,moremoneyprovidesdiminishingreturns.

Evenveryrichpeopleareonlyslightlyhappierthanaverage.Withnetworthall

（12）

$100million,providing

（13）

moneytobuythingstheydon'tneedandhardlycareabout,4in5ofthe49peoplerespondingtosurveyagreedthat“Moneycanincreaseordecreasehappiness,dependingonhowitisused”.Andsomewereindeedunhappy.Onefabulously

（14）

mansaidhecouldneverrememberbeinghappy.Onewomanreportedthatmoney

（15）

miserycausedbyherchildren'sproblems.

Attheotherendoflife'scircumstancesaremostvictimsofdisablingtragedies.Yet,remarkably,mosteventuallyrecoveranear-normallevelofday-to-dayhappiness.Thus,universitystudentswhomustcopewithdisabilitiesare

（16）able-bodiedstudentstoreportthemselveshappy,andtheirfriendsagreewiththeirself-perceptions.

Wehave

（17）

theAmericandreamofachievedwealthandwell-beingbycomparingrichandunrichcountries,andrichandunrichpeople.Thatleavesthefinalquestion:Overtime,doeshappinessrisewithaffluence?

Typicallynot.Lotterywinnersappeartogainbutatemporaryjoltofjoyfromtheirwinnings.Onasmallscale,ajumpinourincomecanboostourmorale,forawhile.Butinthelongrun,neitheranicecreamconenoranewcarnorbecomingrichandfamousproducesthesamefeelingsofdelightthatitinitially

（18）

.Happinessisnottheresultofbeingrich,buta

（19）

consequenceofhavingrecentlybecomericher.Wealth,itthereforeseems,islikehealth:Althoughitsutterabsencecanbreedmisery,havingitdoesnotguaranteehappiness.Happinessis

（20）

amatterofgettingwhatwewantthanofwantingwhatwehave.

问题1选项

A.underpaid

B.prosperous

C.affluent

D.sabbatical

问题2选项

A.assumed

B.seeming

C.seemed

D.seemly

问题3选项

A.precarious

B.imprudent

C.spartan

D.gallant

问题4选项

A.notfar

B.asfaras

C.farfrom

D.farto

问题5选项

A.virtually

B.remarkably

C.ideally

D.repeatedly

问题6选项

A.forasmuch

B.despite

C.considering

D.inasmuch

问题7选项

A.noless

B.less

C.more

D.nomore

问题8选项

A.for

B.up

C.out

D.over

问题9选项

A.scarely

B.intentionally

C.surprisingly

D.provisionally

问题10选项

A.diminishing

B.negligible

C.tripled

D.perceivable

问题11选项

A.in

B.on

C.upon

D.among

问题12选项

A.exceeded

B.exceeding

C.excess

D.excessive

问题13选项

A.utter

B.messy

C.greedy

D.ample

问题14选项

A.prosperous

B.triumphant

C.jubilant

D.victorious

问题15选项

A.couldundo

B.couldintensify

C.couldnotundo

D.couldnotintensify

问题16选项

A.asplausibleas

B.notasplausibleas

C.aslikelyas

D.notaslikelyas

问题17选项

A.ventilated

B.deliberated

C.speculated

D.scrutinized

问题18选项

A.does

B.did

C.hasdone

D.is

问题19选项

A.new

B.favorite

C.temporary

D.normal

问题20选项

A.more

B.less

C.better

D.worse

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:D

第12题:B

第13题:D

第14题:A

第15题:C

第16题:C

第17题:D

第18题:B

第19题:C

第20题:B

【解析】第1题:（1）词义辨析。A选项underpaid“所得报酬过低的”；B选项prosperous“繁荣的；兴旺的”；C选项affluent“富裕的；丰富的；流畅的”；D选项sabbatical“休假的”。由空格后“inthehistorictownofSt.Andrews,Scotland在苏格兰有历史意义的圣安德鲁斯镇”可知“休假的”符合语境，所以D选项正确。

第2题:（2）词义辨析。A选项assumed“假定的；假装的”；B选项seeming“表面上的；似乎是的”；C选项seemed为动词seem“似乎；像是；装作”的过去式；D选项seemly“适合地；得体地”。由空格后“disconnectionbetweennationalwealthandwell-being国家财富和幸福之间的分离”可知“表面上的”符合语境，所以B选项正确。

第3题:（3）逻辑关系。A选项precarious“危险的；B选项imprudent“轻率的，鲁莽的”；C选项spartan斯巴达式的；（生活方式）简朴的”；D选项gallant“英勇的；华丽的；雄伟的”。由空格前“Scottishlife苏格兰人的生活”与空格后“…notownacar没有一辆车”可知“简朴的”符合语境，所以C选项正确。

第4题:（4）词义辨析。A选项notfar“不远”；B选项asfaras“至于；直到；远到；就······而言”；C选项farfrom“远离；远非；完全不”；D选项farto“远远地；太”。由第3题的分析“苏格兰人的生活俭朴”与空格后“southofIceland冰岛南部”属于“thisplace”的后置定语可知这里指代“在这个离冰岛南部不远的地方集中采暖在那时仍然是一种奢侈”；故A项“不远”符合语境，正确。

第5题:（5）词义辨析。A选项virtually“事实上；几乎”；B选项remarkably“显著地；非常地；引人注目地”；C选项ideally“理想地；观念上地”；D选项repeatedly“反复地；再三地；屡次地”。由空格前“hundredsofconversations数以百计的对话”与空格后“noticed发现”可知“屡次地”符合语境，所以D选项正确。

第6题:（6）逻辑关系。A选项forasmuch“因为；鉴于”；B选项despite“尽管；不管”；C选项considering“考虑到；就······而论”；D选项inasmuch“由于；鉴于。由空格后“theirsimplerliving他们较简朴地生活”与“butneveraboutbeingunderpaidorunabletoaffordwants但是从未听到他们抱怨所得工资太低或不能负担自己所需”可知这里是转折关系，所以B项“尽管”正确。

第7题:（7）逻辑关系。A选项noless“仍然；不相上下；依旧”；B选项less“较少地；较小地；更小地”；C选项more“更多；更大程度地”；D选项nomore“不再；也没有”。本句句意是“尽管他们较简朴地生活，但是苏格兰人似乎与美国人一样快乐”，A项“不相上下”符合语境，正确。

第8题:（8）词义辨析。空格前“made”与各选项构成短语，A选项makefor“导致；有助于；走向”；B选项makeup“组成；补足；化妆；编造；弥补”；C选项makeout“理想；辨认出；