Unit2Discoverusefulstructures课件-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit2

SectionBLearningaboutLanguage

[课前预习案]感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1．Laurasaysshealwaysfeelshungrywhenshesmellsit，soItaughtherhowtocookit，too.2．Thefirsttimethatshehadtowriteanessay，hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledgewhatotherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas，butthathemainlywantedtoknowwhatshethought!3．XieLeiwasconfusedbecauseshethoughtsheknewlessthanotherpeople.4．Atfirst，XieLeihadnoideawhatsheshouldsay，butwhatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.5．Whatseemedstrangebeforenowappearsquitenormaltoher.1．以上各句都是主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2．引导宾语从句的从属连词that有时可以省略，如句1和句3；两个并列的宾语从句中，第二个that不可省略，如句2。3．名词性从句可在句中作主语，如句4和句5。4．名词性从句可在句中作表语，如句4。5．名词性从句可在句中作同位语，如句4。Grammar

名词或名词短语可以在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语。当这些名词或名词短语由一个句子替代时，就是名词性从句。名词性从句（NounClauses）是在句子中起名词作用的句子。根据在句中不同的语法功能，可以把名词性从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词Grammar1.连接代词：who，whose，whom，what，which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2.连接副词：when，where，why，how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3.连接词：that，whether，if，asif。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether)，asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if(是否)，asif(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if和asif都用不上时，才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。Whowillgoisnotimportant.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。Itdoesn'tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.3、that引导主语从句时，不作成分，不能省略。Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.4.用it作形式主语的常用句型①It+be+及物动词的过去分词+从句Itissaidthat…据说……Itisreportedthat…据报道……Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……②It+be+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是……Itisgoodnewsthat………是个好消息③It+be+形容词+从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……④Itseems/appears/happens/…+主语从句练习1.Everyyear,__________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.2._________fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.whoeverThat宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

Ihope(that)everythingisallright.

宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。

结构为：主语＋谓语＋宾语从句或介词＋宾语从句。IwilldowhatIcan(do)tohelphim.我会尽我所能帮助他。Giveareadinglisttowhoevercomes.给所有来的人一份阅读书目。2、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

Iwonderifitdoesn'train.②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。

Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解)③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。

Idon'tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.

Idon'tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。

Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.

Theydon'tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.3、连接副词when,where,why,how引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作状语。Wehaven'tdecidedwhenwe'llgohiking.4、连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose引导宾语从句时，在从句中起代词的作用，可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Idon'tknowwhowillaccompanyyoutotheconcerttonight.练习1.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing_________shewasheading.2.Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof_________itusedtocharge.3.I'mnotsure____________ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.wherewhatwhich/who1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.2、表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句的引导词基本相同，但是if不能引导表语从句。3、连接词that,whether引导表语从句，连接词一般不能省略。Thequestioniswhetherweshouldrecommendthegoodstotheshopkeeper.表语从句4、连接副词when,where,why,how引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作状语、表语。ThatwashowPetergothisbachelor'sdegree.5、连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose引导表语从句，连接词在从句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。That'swhatwewanttopurchase.6、有时because,asif,asthough也可以引导表语从句。Itlooksasifyouhavemadefullpreparationsforthefinalexam.练习1.Thisis________

myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.2.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_________wearrived.3.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbe_________wearenow.whathowwhere同位语从句

在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。

Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.

Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.练习1.Theopinion_________learningisalifelongprocesshasbeenexpressedbyeducationexpertsthroughouttheyears.2.Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.thatthat

同位语从句定语从句功能解释说明名词表示的具体内容。说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。that不作成分，只起连接作用，不可省略。作主语、宾语或表语，起连接作用，并且作从句的宾语时可省略。whether起连接作用，其中whether(是否)不作成分，而how和what作成分。不引导定语从句。how/whatwho作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与其修饰的名词无关。作成分；起连接作用；与先行词有一定的关系，如when的先行词为时间名词。whenwherewhy

同位语从句和定语从句的区别【当堂检测】Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．How

weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.2．Thereasonforhisabsenceis

thathehasn’tbeeninformed.3．Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreeswithitornot.4．Scientistspointoutthattheglobeisgettingwarmerandwarmer.5．Thereissomedoubtwhether

thesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.6．I’vecomewithamessagethat

hewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.7．Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent(should)masteraforeignlanguage.8．Wemostlyhadtorelyontheradioornewspaperstoknowwhatwasgoingonintheworld.9．Weallconsiderit

importantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.10．Thoughscientistsaren’tsurewhatiscausingthischange，thepublishersofthestudythinkthatit’sconnectedtorainfall.Ⅱ.语法填空(用适当的连接词填空)Iamgoingtotellyouanunbelievablething11._____happenedinmyrestauranttoday.Thisafternoonapoorly­dressedgentlemancameintomyrestaurant.Nobodyknew12._____hewas.Weweresurprisedthathefinishedtwoordersoffoodinaverylimitedtime.Wewondered13._____hewassohungry.Wedoubted14.____

themanwasabletopaythebill.Thegentlemanasked15.______wewouldmindwaitingforjustafewminutes.Thenwewereshockedtosee16._____hetookoutofanenvelope—amillionpoundbanknote.IaskedMrClements17._____itwasgenuine.MrClementssaiditwastruebecausetwoofthisamounthadbeenissuedbytheBankofEnglandthisyear.Hethought18.______thegentlemanshoweduscouldn’tbeafake.19．______agentlemanwithamillionpoundnotewasinragsandateinoursmallrestaurantwasabigpuzzletoallthepeoplethere.Ireallycouldn’tdescribe20.______excitedIwas.11.that12.who13.