2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(全国卷,含答案)

2020;2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（全国卷含答案）\I■■"I[I*—r-*-.注意事项：1•本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。答第I卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。答第II卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷第一部分英语知识运用（满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：have答案是C。A.gaveB.saveC.hatD.made1theaterA.treasureB.wheatC.seasonD.realize2persuadeA.usualB.insistC.sugarD.treasure3companyA.aloneB.carrotC.moneyD.knock4oppositeA.serviceB.outsideC.pioneerD.police5.societyA.officialB.recentC.chocolateD.difficult第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever答案是B。-Whatshallwedotonightthen?--whateveryouwant.HelpyourselfB.It'sadealC.NoproblemD.It'suptoyouHemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.A.the;theB.不填;aC.the;aD.a;不填8.Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when9.Sarahmadetotheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.A.herselfB.thisC.thatD.itTonylentmethemoney,thatI'ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghopedIhadhardlygottotheofficemywifephonemetogobackhomeatonce.A.whenB.thanC.untilD.afterWetopaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.A.setaboutB.setupC.setoutD.setdownNexttobiology,Ilikephysics.A.betterB.bestC.thebetterD.verywell-DidyouaskSophiaforhelp?-Ineedto-Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown.A.wouldn'tB.don'tC.didn'tD.won'tTheoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happyanythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched16.100°Cisthetemperature___whichwaterwillboil.A.forB.atC.onD.ofI'mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifIfindthemoney.A.canB.mightC.wouldD.needThemanagertheworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9a.m.A.hastoldB.istellingC.hasbeentellingD.willhavetoldTheHarryPotterbooksarequitepopular;theyareingreatinthiscity.A.qualityB.progressC.productionD.demand—Trynottoworkyourselftoohard.Takeiteasy.-Thanks.A.Sowhat?B.Noway.C.Whatfor?D.You,too.第三节完形填空（每小题1.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AroundtwentyyearsagoIwaslivinginYork.21IhadalotofexperienceandaMaster'sdegree,Icouldnotfind22work.Iwas23aschoolbustomakeendsmeetand24withafriendofmine,forIhadlostmyflat.Ihad25fiveinterviews（面试）withacompanyandonedaybetweenbusrunstheycalledtosayIdidnot26thejob.“Whyhasmylifebecomeso27?"Ithoughtpainfully.AsIpulledthebusoverto28alittlegirl,shehandedmeanearning29Ishouldkeepit30somebodyclaimed（认领）it.Theearringwaspaintedblackandsaid“BEHAPPY”.AtfirstIgotangry.Thenit31me-Ihadbeengivingallofmy32towhatwasgoingwrongwithmy33ratherthanwhatwasright!Idecidedthenandtheretomakea34offiftythingsIwashappywith.Later,Idecidedto35morethingstothelist.Thatnighttherewasaphonecallfor36fromaladywhowasadirectoratalarger37.SheaskedmeifIwould38aone-daylectureonstress压力）managementto200medicalworkers.Isaidyes.My39therewentverywell,andbeforelongIgotawell-paidjob.TothisdayIknowthatitwasbecauseIchangedmywayof40thatIcompletelychangedmylife.21.A.AsB.ThoughC.IfD.When22.A.successfulB.extraC.satisfyingD.convenient23.A.drivingB.repairingC.takingD.designing24.A.workingB.travellingC.discussingD.living25.A.preparedforB.attendedC.askedforD.held26.A.loseB.likeC.findD.get27.A.hardB.busyC.seriousD.short28.A.waveatB.dropoffC.callonD.lookfor29.A.orderingB.promisingC.sayingD.showing30.A.incaseB.orelseC.asifD.nowthat31.A.hurtB.hitC.caughtD.moved32.A.feelingsB.attentionC.strengthD.interests33.A.opinionsB.educationC.experiencesD.life34.A.listB.bookC.checkD.copy35.A.connectB.turnC.keepD.add36.A.herB.apassengerC.meD.myfriend37.A.hospitalB.factoryC.restaurantD.hotel38.A.listentoB.reviewC.giveD.talkabout39.A.planB.choiceC.dayD.tour40.A.operationB.speakingC.employmentD.thinking第二部分阅读理解（满分45分）第一节语篇阅读（每小题2分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（每小题2分）（A）Coldweathercanhardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheircatsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter（住所）astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyo'urecoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Iyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,makesuretheyhaveawarm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,andplentyofnon-frozenwater.Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.Theycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewhere.Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoors,andprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality.Keepaneyeonyourpet'swater.Sometimesownersdon'trealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan'tgetanythingtodrink.Animalsthatdon'thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.WhatdowelearnaboutpetsfromParagraph1?Theyareoftenforgottenbytheirowners.Theyareusedtolivingoutdoors.Theybuildtheirwonshelter.Theyliketostayinwarmplaces.Whyarepetownersaskedtostaywiththeirpetswhentheyareoutincoldweather?Toknowwhentobringtheminside.Tokeepthemfromeatingbadfood.Tohelpthemfindshelters.Tokeepthemcompany.Ifpetsareleftontheirownoutdoorsincoldweather,theymay___.A.runshortofcleanwaterB.digdeepholesforfunC.dirtythesnownearbyD.getlostinthewildWhatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tosolveaproblem.B.Togivepracticaladvice.C.Totellaninterestingstory.D.Topresentaresearchresult.(B)Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.Let'sstartwiththewindblowingfromthebehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angle（角度）totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn'tflap（摆动）.Itshouldn'tlooklikeonaflagpole.Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry,thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible,butyoucan'tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?Sailors'strength.B.Wavelevels.C.Winddirections.D.Sizeofsails.Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referto?A.Theboat.B.Thewind.C.Thesail.D.Theangle.Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind?A.Moveinastraightline.B.Allowthesailtoflap.C.Lowerthesail.D.Tacktheboat.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A.Inapopularmagazine.B.Inatouristguidebook.C.Inaphysicstextbook.D.Inanofficialreport.（C）Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forexample,inAmericanculture（文化）thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses.Awoman'ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchild.Asmilemayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusion（困惑）acrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiasmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces（althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities）.SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon'tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsianculture,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.Ourfacesshowemotions（情感）,butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,thereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressionspermitted.Forexample,inpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsasfreelyasAmericansdo.Whenwithfriends,JapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly.ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers.Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”theotherpersonincorrectly.WhatdoesthesmileusuallymeanintheU.S.?

A.Love.B.Politeness.C.A.Love.B.Politeness.C.Joy.D.Thankfulness.TheauthormentionsthesmileoftheVietnamesetoprovethatsmilecanshowfriendlinesstostrangersB.beusedtohidetruefeelingsC.beusedinthewrongplacesD.showpersonalhabitsWhatshouldwedobeforeattemptingto“read”people?Learnabouttheirrelationswithothers.Understandtheirculturalbackgrounds.Findoutabouttheirpastexperience.Figureoutwhattheywilldonext.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetest?A.CulturalDifferencesB.SmilesandRelationshipC.FacialExpressivenessD.HabitsandEmotions（D）ADDISABABA,Ethiopia-Oneoftheworld'smostfamousfossils（化石）-the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton骨骼）unearthedinEthiopiain1974-willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHouston,Texas,spentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour,whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.“Ethiopia'srichcultureofboththepastandtoday,isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,”saidJoelBartsch,directoroftheHoustonmuseum.Thesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashington,NewYork,DenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU.S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidplanshadnotbeenworkedout.TravellingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.Lucy,hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenight1ofherdiscovery,ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasonceaape-man（猿人）.Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto___.introduceafewU.S.museumsdescribesomeresearchworkdiscussthevalueofanape-manreportacomingeventWhatdoesthewords“areplica”inParagraph2referto?A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.B.AphotographofLucyC.Acopyoftheskeleton.D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.HowmanycitieshasLucy'sU.S.tourplanalreadyincluded?A.Four.B.Five.C.Six.D.Eleven.Whatwastheskeletonnamedafter?A.Anape-man.B.Asong.C.Asinger.D.Acamp.（E）MakeUpYourMindtoSucceedKind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecause“everyone'swinter.”Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositive（正面的）thaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.”Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here'showtheywork:Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalent（才能）isgenetic-you'reabornartist,pointguard,ornumbersperson.Thefixedmind-setbelievesit'ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.Whenthingsgetdifficult,it'squicktoblame,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.Ontheotherhand,agrowthmind-setbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego（自尊）isn'tonthelineasmuch,thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty,'itsquicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,itenjoysthisexperience.Weareallbornwithgrowthmind-sets.（Otherwise,wewouldn'tbeabletoliveintheworld.）Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmind-setsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectingpraise.Dweck'sbook,Mind-set:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthepresentgeneration?A.Theydon'tdowellatschool.B.Theyareoftenmisunderstood.C.Theyareeagertowininsports.D.Theyaregiventoomuchpraise.Afixedmind-setpersonisprobablyonewho___.doesn'twanttoworkhardcaresalotaboutpersonalsafetycannotsharehisideaswithotherscansucceedwiththehelpofteachersWhatdoesthegrowthmind-setbelieve?A.Admittingfailureisshameful.Talentcomeswithone'sbirth.Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued.Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable.WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck'sstudy?A.Encouragethemtolearnfromfailures.Preventthemfrommakingmistakes.Guidethemindoinglittlethings.D.Helpthemgrowwithpraise.第二节根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。（每小题1分）Daughter：Dad.Youloveme,don'tyou?Father：Ofcourse,Ido.61Daughter：Well,Isawthisgreatofferforafreephonehereinthenewspaper,and…Father：62Daughter：Well,thephoneisfree…afterthe＄50Ipayisreturnedtome.Father：Ah,sothat'sthecatch.63Daughter：Dad.Allmyfriendshaveone.Father：Ah,Idon'tknow.64Daughter：Butthemonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly＄29.99,with1,000freeweekdayminutesnationwide,andunlimitedweekendminutes.Father：Idon'tknow.Daughter：PleaseDad.Withthenewphoneyouwon'thavetoworryaboutmewhileI'mdrivingthenewcar.Father：65Daughter：Thenewcaryou'llneedtobuysoIcanusethephone.A.Ah…what'sonyourmind?B.Newcar?Whatnewcar?C.Free?Nothing'severfree.D.Whatdidyoudotothenewcar?Andwhyonearthdoyouneedaphone?F.Theyalwayschargealotfortheservice.G.Butwhatisthetermoftheserviceagreement?第II卷第三部分写作（共三节，满分55分）第一节单词拼写（每小题1分）根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，在答题卡相应题号的横线上写出空缺处各单词的正确形式（每空只写一词）。Doyouspeakany（外国）languages?Rebeccawasthe（骄傲）ofherfamily.Willyoustop（打断）mewhenI'mtalking?DavidBeckham's（国籍）isBritish.The（现代）historyofItalydatesfrom1860.Bob's（侄子）isafreshmanatHarvardUniversity.AlicewantedtoborrowJack'scomputer,buthe（拒绝）.Her（书架）arefilledwithbooksandphotos.Whatareyougirls（耳语）about?Don't（咳嗽）morethanyoucanhelp.第二节短文改错（每小题1.5分）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。先对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（V）;如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（人），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：1•原行没有错的不要改；答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。DearEditor,I'mwritingtotellyouopinionaboutwatersaving.76.Waterisimportant.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlive77.withoutwaterandneitheragricultureorindustrycango78.withoutit.Yetitseemedwaterisbecominglessandless.79.Manycountriesintheworldfindwedon'thaveenoughwater.80.Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoall81.outtoplanttreesthoughtreeswillhelpsavewater.Next,no82.drinkingwatershouldbeleftrunning.Third,weshouldfind83.waystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,especiallybath84.waterforwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.85.Sincerely,LiHua第三节书面表达（30分）假定你是李华。你班同学决定为小明举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教Susan/r/