常用数学术语(英语)

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业专心---专注---专业精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业常用数学术语（英语）简介：本文收录了GRE考试之数学术语部分，基本能满足大部分的应用需求，能有效丰富英语的专业词汇。代数部分

1.有关数学运算

add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除

divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数，红利divisor因子，除数

quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号

roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入

2.有关集合

union并集proper

subset真子集solution

set解集

3.有关代数式、方程和不等式

algebraic

term代数项like

terms,similar

terms同类项numerical

coefficient数字系数literal

coefficient字母系数inequality不等式

triangle

inequality三角不等式range值域original

equation原方程equivalent

equation同解方程，等价方程linear

equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)

4.有关分数和小数

proper

fraction真分数improper

fraction假分数mixed

number带分数vulgar

fraction，common

fraction普通分数simple

fraction简分数complex

fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common

denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal

fraction纯小数infinite

decimal无穷小数recurring

decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位

5.基本数学概念

arithmetic

mean算术平均值weighted

average加权平均值geometric

mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square

root平方根cuberoot立方根common

logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量

inversefunction反函数complementary

function余函数linear一次的，线性的

factorization因式分解absolute

value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32round

off四舍五入

6.有关数论

natural

number自然数positive

number正数negative

number负数odd

integer,odd

number

奇数even

integer,even

number偶数integer,whole

number整数positive

whole

number正整数negative

whole

number负整数consecutive

number连续整数rea

lnumber,rational

number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数composite

number合数

e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime

number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数common

divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common

multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common

factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common

ratio公比

7.数列

arithmetic

progression(sequence)等差数列geometric

progression(sequence)等比数列

8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号

proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric

function三角函数unit单位,位

几何部分

1.所有的角

alternate

angle内错角corresponding

angle同位角vertical

angle对顶角central

angle

圆心角interior

angle内角exterior

angle外角supplement

aryangles补角complement

aryangle余角adjacent

angle邻角acute

angle锐角obtuse

angle钝角right

angle直角round

angle周角straight

angle平角included

angle夹角

2.所有的三角形

equilateral

triangle等边三角形scalene

triangle不等边三角形isosceles

triangle等腰三角形right

triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed

triangle内接三角形

3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外

semicircle半圆

concentric

circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon

七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular

polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形

4.其它平面图形

arc弧line,straight

line直线line

segment线段parallel

lines平行线segment

of

a

circle弧形

5.有关立体图形

cube立方体，立方数rectangular

solid长方体regular

solid/regular

polyhedron正多面体circular

cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的

6.有关图形上的附属物

altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface

area

表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros

ssection横截面center

of

acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle

bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face

of

a

solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included

side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数)opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距

7.有关坐标

coordinate

system坐标系rectangular

coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex

plane复平面

8.其它

plane

geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean

theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的

其它

1.单位类

cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打(12个)score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码

meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)

squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)

2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业

intercalary

year(leapyear)闰年(366天)common

year平年(365天)depreciation折旧down

payment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit利润interest利息simple

interest单利compounded

interest复利dividend红利decrease

to减少到decrease

by减少了increase

to增加到increase

by增加了denote表示list

price标价markup涨价per

capita每人ratio比率retail

price零售价tie打例题：A

retailer

sells

a

watch

at

$1840

and

makes

a

profit

of

15%.

If

he

wants

to

double

the

profit,

find

the

new

selling

price

of

the

watch.

题解：

一个制造商生产正方形底的纸箱，箱顶是两块扇掩式的箱盖。底部因要加强强度而造成双层的。每个箱的体积是12立方米。

(a)

证明C（做一个箱所需的纸板面积）=3^2

+

4xh

(b)

表达C作为只有x的函数

©

顺着x>0描绘C的图表

(d)

(i)

什么尺寸的箱会让所需造箱的纸板面积最少化？

(ii)

用来造箱的最少纸板面积是什么？

After

explaining

the

question,

we

are

going

to

answer

them

as

shown

below:

(a)

Ignor99de

the

fact

that

the

top

is

a

flap

opening,

the

two

flaps

combine

to

form

one

complete

surface.

Taking

into

account

that

the

bottom

is

double-layered,

that

means

the

box

has

in

total

7

surfaces.

So,

we

have

C

=

3*x^2

(1

top

+

2

bottom)

+

4*x*h

(4

side

faces)

Therefore,

C

=

3x^2

+

4xh

(b)

As

given,

the

volume

of

the

box

should

be

12

m^3,

that

means

12

=

x^2*h

h

=

12/x^2

Put

into

C,

then

C

=

3x^2

+

4x(12/x^2)

Simplify,

we

get

C

=

3x^2

+

48/x

©

Sorry,

I

do

not

know

how

to

upload

pictures

here!

(But

this

should

not

be

difficult!)

For

your

easy

following,

make

the

following

table

and

plot

the

points

accordingly:

x0

1

2

3

4

5

6

CInf.

51

36

43

60

84.6

116

(From

the

graph,

we

could

already

see

that

the

minimum

C

occurs

at

around

x=2.)

(d)

I

am

not

sure

whether

you

have

learn

differentiation

or

not.

Anyway,

if

you

have

not

learnt

calculus

yet,

you