考研考博-英语-四川铁道职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川铁道职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Goingintothediningroomwherethebanquetwasgivenlastnight,Icanseethe（）arestillonthetable.

问题1选项

A.remains

B.relics

C.remnants

D.surplus

【答案】A

【解析】句意:走进昨晚举行宴会的餐厅后，我能看到剩余的饭菜依然在桌上。

考查名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。remain遗迹，剩余（物），残骸；relics遗物，纪念物；remnant剩余（主要的部分被使用后的剩余），遗迹；surplus剩余（指超过需要数量之外的剩余），［贸易］顺差，盈余。因此A符合句意。

2.不定项选择题

Onegraydawn,hewaskickedinthelegbyanothersoldier,andthen,beforehewasentirelyawake,hefoundhimselfrunningdownawoodroadinthemidstofmenwhowerepantingfromthefirsteffectsofspeed.Hiscanteenbangedrhythmicallyuponhisthigh,andhishaversackbobbedsoftly.Hismusketbouncedatriflefromhisshoulderateachstrideandmadehiscapfeeluncertainuponhishead.

Theyouththoughtthedampfogofearlymorningmovedfromtherushofagreatbodyoftroops.Fromthedistancecameasuddenspatteroffiring.

Hewasbewildered.Asheranwithhiscomrades,hestrenuouslytriedtothink,butallheknewwasthatifhefelldownthosecomingbehindwouldtreaduponhim.Allhisfacultiesseemedtobeneededtoguidehimoverandpastobstructions.Hefeltcarriedalongbyamob.

Thesunspreaddisclosingrays,and,onebyone,regimentsburstintoviewlikearmedmenjustbornoftheearth.Theyouthperceivedthatthetimehadcome.Hewasabouttobemeasured.Foramomenthefeltinthefaceofhisgreattriallikeababe,andthefleshoverhisheartseemedverythin.Heseizedtimetolookabouthimcalculatingly.

Butheinstantlysawthatitwouldbeimpossibleforhimtoescapefromtheregiment.Itenclosedhim.Andtherewereironlawsoftraditionandlawonfoursides.Hewasinamovingbox.

Asheperceivedthisfactitoccurredtohimthathehadneverwishedtocometothewar.

Hehadnotenlistedoutofhisfreewill.Hehadbeendraggedbythemercilessgovernment.Andnotheyweretakinghimouttobeslaughtered.

Theregimentsliddownabankandwallowedacrossalitestream.Themournfulcurrentmovedslowlyon,andfromthewater,shadedblack,somewhitebubbleeyeslookedatthemen.

Astheyclimbedthehillonthefarthersideartillerybegantoboom.Heretheyouthforgotmanythingsashefeltasuddenimpulseofcuriosity.Hescrambledupthebankwithaspeedthatcouldnotbeexceededbyabloodthirstyman.Heexpectedabattlescene.

Thereweresomelittlefieldsurroundedbyaforest.Spreadoverthegrassandinamongthetreetrunks,hecouldseeknotsandwavinglinesofskirmisherswhowererunninghitherandthitherandfiringatthelandscape.Adarkbattlelinelayuponasun-struckclearingthatgleamedorangecolor.Aflagfluttered.

Otherregimentsflounderedupthebank.Thebrigadewasformedinlineofbattle,andafterapausestartedslowlythroughthewoodsintherearoftherecedingskirmishers,whowerecontinuallymeltingintothescenetoappearagainfartheron.Theywerealwaysbusyasbees,deeplyabsorbedintheirlittlecombats.

Theyouthtriedtoobserveeverything.Hedidnotusecaretoavoidtreesandbranches,andhisforgottenfeetwereconstantlyknockingagainststonesorgettingentangledinbriers.Hewasawarethatthesebattalionswiththeircommotionswerewovenredandstartlingintothegentlefabricofsoftenedgreensandbrowns.Itlookedtobeawrongplaceforabattlefield.Theskirmishersinadvancefascinatedhim.Theirshotsintothicketsandatdistantandprominenttreesspoketohimoftragedies—hidden,mysterious,solemn.

1.Thedetailsusedinthefirstparagraphofthepassagecreateanimpressionof______.

2.Theword“faculties”inParagraph3mostnearlymeans______.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheuseofthephrase“thefleshoverhisheartseemedverythin”(Paragraph4)thattheyouthismostlikely______.

4.Theoveralltoneofthepassageisbestdescribedas______.

5.Inthesecondparagraphfromthebottom,theauthorlikenstheskirmisherstobusybees,“deeplyabsorbedintheirlittlecombats,”inorderto______.

问题1选项

A.well-trainedresponse

B.well-equippedprecision

C.gentletransition

D.movementwithoutreason

问题2选项

A.patience

B.senses

C.equipment

D.colleagues

问题3选项

A.scaredandexcited

B.woundedbutcalm

C.indangerofhavingaheartattack

D.vulnerabletoharmlikeababy

问题4选项

A.pessimistic

B.regretful

C.irritated

D.impressionistic

问题5选项

A.suggesttheamountofworkthatmustbedonetocarryoutabattle

B.drawparallelsbetweenworkcompletedinthenaturalworldandtheworkcompletedintheworldofmen

C.createdistancebetweentherealityofthefightingandthemaincharacter’sperceptions

D.portraytheyouthasakeenlyinsightfulwitnessrecordingalloftheeventsofabusyandchaoticbattle

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Thedetailsusedinthefirstparagraphofthepassagecreateanimpressionof______.1.文章第一段中使用的细节给人一种______的印象。

A.well-trainedresponseA.训练有素

B.well-equippedprecisionB.装备精良

C.gentletransitionC.柔和过渡

D.movementwithoutreasonD.毫无理由的移动

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位至第一段的内容“在一个灰蒙蒙的黎明（graydawn），他的腿被另一个士兵踢了一脚，在他完全清醒之前，他发现自己在一条林间小路上跑着，周围的人都因为速度的影响而喘不过气来。他的水壶有节奏地（rhythmically）拍打着他的大腿，他的帆布背包轻轻地（softly）摆动着。每迈一步，他的火枪就会从肩膀上弹开一点，他的帽子都戴不稳了”，从中可知，该段描述了一个生动的画面，其中用到了graydawn（灰蒙蒙的黎明），rhythmically（有节奏地），softly（轻轻地）这样的词语，给人一种柔和的感觉，所以C项“柔和过渡”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“训练有素”和B项“装备精良”不能从该段看出来，这两项属于无中生有；

D项“毫无理由的移动”，该段提到“士兵”和“火枪”，可以推断出他们是在进行军事行动，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。

2.【选项释义】

2.Theword“faculties”inParagraph3mostnearlymeans______.2.第3段中的“faculties”的意思是______。

A.patienceA.耐心

B.sensesB.感觉官能

C.equipmentC.装备

D.colleaguesD.同事

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据关键词faculties定位至第三段第三句“他似乎需要他所有的faculties来引导他越过障碍”，结合上一句“当他和战友们一起奔跑时，他努力地想，但他只知道，如果他跌倒了，后面的人会踩到他”综合理解可知，如果他被障碍物绊倒，后面的士兵就会踩到，所以他需要运用自己所有的感觉官能确保自己能成功越过障碍，所以faculties在这里指的是“官能”，故该题选择B项“感觉官能”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“耐心”和C项“装备”理解错误，这两项属于曲解原文；

D项“同事”在文章没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheuseofthephrase“thefleshoverhisheartseemedverythin”(Paragraph4)thattheyouthismostlikely______.3.从第四段中的短语“thefleshoverhisheartseemsverythin”可以推断，这个年轻人最有可能______。

A.scaredandexcitedA.害怕和激动

B.woundedbutcalmB.受伤但平静

C.indangerofhavingaheartattackC.有心脏病发作的危险

D.vulnerabletoharmlikeababyD.像婴儿一样易受伤害

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位至第四段倒数第二句“有那么一会儿，面对这重大的考验，他觉得自己像个婴儿，心脏的肉也显得很薄（thefleshoverhisheartseemedverythin）”，结合上一句“他就要被测量了（Hewasabouttobemeasured）”可知，此处的情景是他正在接受军队上的审查，而thefleshoverhisheartseemedverythin描述的是他此刻的心情，他描述自己像个婴儿，同时用thin来表达thefleshoverhisheart（心脏上的肉）说明他非常紧张又害怕，A项“害怕和激动”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“受伤但平静”和C项“有心脏病发作的危险”，thefleshoverhisheart（心脏上的肉）在文中是暗喻，并不是真正指人的心脏，这两项属于曲解原文；

D项“像婴儿一样易受伤害”根据解题思路，该项属于曲解原文。

4.【选项释义】

4.Theoveralltoneofthepassageisbestdescribedas______.4.这篇文章的整体基调可以用______来描述。

A.pessimisticA.悲观的

B.regretfulB.后悔的

C.irritatedC.恼怒的

D.impressionisticD.印象派的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】通读全文，文章主要是描述了一个军事场景，并描绘了年轻人的内心世界，其中用到了很多灰调的词语，如第五段最后一句“他在一个移动的箱子里（movingbox）”，第七段第二句“他被无情的政府（mercilessgovernment）拖着走”，以及文章最后一句“他们向灌木丛和远处突出的树木射击，向他讲述了隐藏的、神秘的、庄严的悲剧（tragedies）”，从中可以看出，这篇文章整体基调都是灰色悲观的，所以A项“悲观的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“后悔的”，文章只在描述这个年轻人的时候提到，该项属于以偏概全；

C项“恼怒的”和D项“印象派的”没有依据，这两项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.Inthesecondparagraphfromthebottom,theauthorlikenstheskirmisherstobusybees,“deeplyabsorbedintheirlittlecombats,”inorderto______.5.在文章下半部分的第二段中，作者将小规模战斗比作忙碌的蜜蜂，“全神贯注于他们的小战斗”，以便______。

A.suggesttheamountofworkthatmustbedonetocarryoutabattleA.暗示完成一场战斗必须完成的工作量

B.drawparallelsbetweenworkcompletedinthenaturalworldandtheworkcompletedintheworldofmenB.把自然界完成的工作和人类世界完成的工作进行比较

C.createdistancebetweentherealityofthefightingandthemaincharacter’sperceptionsC.在战斗的现实和主角的感知之间创造距离

D.portraytheyouthasakeenlyinsightfulwitnessrecordingalloftheeventsofabusyandchaoticbattleD.把年轻人描绘成一个富有洞察力的目击者，记录下了一场忙碌而混乱的战斗中的所有事件

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位至倒数第二段的内容“其他兵团在河岸上挣扎。这支旅排成了战斗的队形，经过一段时间的停顿，他们在后撤的小分队后面慢慢地穿过树林，这些小分队不断地在战场上消失，然后又在更远的地方出现。他们总是像蜜蜂一样忙碌，全神贯注于他们的小战斗。”可知，该段描绘了一个小规模作战的场景，作者把小分队比喻为忙碌的蜜蜂，他们在混乱中不停地改变作战场地；结合最后一段第一句“这个年轻人试图观察一切”和最后一句“他们向灌木丛和远处突出的树木射击，向他讲述了隐藏的、神秘的、庄严的悲剧”综合理解可知，作者要把小规模战斗比作忙碌的蜜蜂是把年轻人描绘成了一个目击者，所以D项“把年轻人描绘成一个富有洞察力的目击者，记录下了一场忙碌而混乱的战斗中的所有事件”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“暗示完成一场战斗必须完成的工作量”、B项“把自然界完成的工作和人类世界完成的工作进行比较”和C项“在战斗的现实和主角的感知之间创造距离”根据解题思路，这三项都属于曲解原文。

3.单选题

“John's（）wasirritating.Hewasreluctanteventobuybread”

问题1选项

A.jealousy

B.soreness

C.luck

D.parsimony

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后半句Hewasreluctanteventobuybread.（他甚至连买个面包都很不情愿）可知，他是相当吝啬。A选项为“嫉妒”；B选项为“悲伤，痛苦”；C选项为“幸运”；D项“吝啬的，过度节俭”，因此，D项是正确答案。

4.单选题

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivity,atthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaundermin/mum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthcenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,however,especiallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycle,oreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence

Ifconsistentandreliablegeological,orarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldhefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun'sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.InshorttheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.Thealternative,explanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed，andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun'smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.ModemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalSolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenthandearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

问题1选项

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaulttheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodemphysicists

问题2选项

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Inbothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.InonemodeltheSun’smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

问题3选项

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.TheyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeoftheMaunderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

问题4选项

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistantpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunder-stormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲解的是人们将太阳活动极小期与欧洲16世纪至19世纪初期不同寻常的低温联系起来，但是太阳活动极小的真实性还有待考察，如果同意可靠的地质、考古和气象证据能够与远古时代的太阳活动周期挂钩，也许可以帮助理解和确定太阳活动的两种模式。A选项“指出有关太阳活动的两种相对的科学理论并对其各自的地质依据进行评价”，B选项“简要概述近期科学在太阳物理学方面的发展并且就他们对未来气候研究的影响做出评价”，C选项“讨论将地球上的各种现象与太阳活动联系起来的困难性并指出问题的解决方法影响着我们对太阳物理活动的理解”，D选项“概述有关太阳物理的问题之所以一直没解决的原因并且对现代物理学家过度理论化的方法进行指责”，C选项周期。

2.推理判断题。文章对太阳活动的两种模式的介绍主要集中在文章的第三段。根据第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.简而言之，太阳大范围的磁场是自给自足的，因此与之相关的太阳活动周期将会在几十亿年内维持基本不变。”可知在第一种模式中，太阳活动的周期是与太阳大范围的磁场相关的并且太阳活动周期是可以长期维持基本不变的。根据第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.在这种模式中，与太阳磁场相关的太阳机制变化更快，因此，太阳活动周期的特点也会在很长一段时间后有所变化”可知在第二种模式中太阳活动的周期也是和太阳磁场相关的，但是太阳活动周期是会有所变化的。所以A选项和C选项错误，排除；B选项正确。D选项文章中没有提及，排除。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.太阳活动极小期的真实性还有待考证，特别是中国当时肉眼观察到的太阳活动的记录又与其相矛盾。”可知A选项‘他们认为，蒙德极小值所依据的数据是不正确的。’是中国17世纪末期至18世纪早期的记录的重要性的原因。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.简而言之，太阳大范围的磁场是自给自足的，因此与之相关的太阳活动周期将会在几十亿年内维持基本不变。”可知选项D“数亿年前太阳活动的周期性特征和如今太阳活动的周期性相同”是对第一种模式的支持。

5.单选题

AteamofscientistreporteddramaticchangesinthepatternoficedistributionintheArtie,andasecondteamreportedastill____claim.

问题1选项

A.controversial

B.solitary

C.superficial

D.peculiar

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.controversial有争议的B.solitary单独的

C.superficial肤浅的D.peculiar奇怪的

【答案】A

【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配

【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是claim，指尚未被证实的对某事的真实性的陈述，因此A选项controversial“有争议的”最符合原文尚未被证实的意项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项与被修饰语claim搭配不当。

【句意】一个小组的科学家报告了阿蒂冰川分布模式的巨大变化，另一个小组报告了一个仍有争议的说法。

6.单选题

Thenewspapersinmyhometowndon'thaveasmanypagesasthey（）here.

问题1选项

A.are

B.do

C.have

D.canbe

【答案】B

【解析】句意：家乡的报纸没有这里的多。do用来代替原有的动词原形用于强调并且避免重复。

7.单选题

Formorethan20years,we'vebeensupportingeducationalprogramsthat（

）fromkindergartenstocolleges.

问题1选项

A.spread

B.shift

C.move

D.range

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。rangefrom“从…到…（一个范围）”；spreadfrom“从…传播”；shiftfrom“从…转移”；movefrom“从…搬走”。句意：20多年以来，我们一直在支持从幼儿园到大学的教育项目。该句表示从幼儿园到大学这个跨度范围，故D项正确。

8.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theyareharmfultohealth.

B.Theyenrichourexperience.

C.Theyarenecessaryinourlives.

D.Theyshouldbedoneawaywith.

问题2选项

A.Theyareexhaustedevenwithoutdoinganyheavywork.

B.Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife’sproblems.

C.Theyareanxioustofreethemselvesfromlife’stroubles.

D.Theyfeelstressedoutevenwithoutanychallengesinlife.

问题3选项

A.Theylessenourburdens.

B.Theynarrowourfocus.

C.Theyprolongourlives.

D.Theyexpandourmind.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Let’ssayyoustarttobrainstormalistofalltheemotionsyoueverexperienced.Justforfun,tryitnow.

What’sonyourlist?Chancesare,youincludedthingslike:happy,sad,excited,angry,afraid,grateful,proud,scared,confused,stressed,relaxedandamazed.Nowsortyourlistintotwocategories:positiveemotionsandnegativeemotions.

Feelingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsisanaturalpartofbeinghuman.[16]Wemightusetheword“negative”todescribemoredifficultemotions,butitdoesn’tmeanthoseemotionsarebadorweshouldn’thavethem.Still,mostpeoplewouldprobablyratherfeelapositiveemotionthananegativeone.It’slikelyyouprefertofeelhappyinsteadofsadorconfidentinsteadofinsecure.

Whatmattersishowouremotionsarebalanced,howmuchofeachtypeoftheemotion,positiveornegative,weexperience.

Negativeemotionswarnusofthreatsorchallengesthatwemayneedtodealwith.Forexample,fearcanalertustopossibledanger,it’sasignalthatwemightneedtoprotectourselves.Angryfeelingswarnusthatsomeoneissteppingonourtoes,crossingaboundaryorviolatingourtrust.Angercanbeasignalthatwemightneedtoactonourownbehalf.

Negativeemotionsfocusourawareness.Theyhelpustozeroinonaproblemsowecandealwithit.[17]Buttoomanynegativeemotionscanmakeusfeeloverwhelmed,anxious,exhaustedorstressedout.Whennegativeemotionsareoutofbalance,problemsmightseemtoobigtohandle.

Themorewedwellonnegativeemotions,themorenegativewebegintofeel.Focusingonnegativityjustkeepsitgoing.

Positiveemotionsbalanceoutnegativeones,buttheyhaveotherpowerfulbenefits,too.[18]Insteadofnarrowingourfocus,likenegativeemotionsdo,positiveemotionsaffectourbrainsinwaysthatincreaseourawareness,attentionandmemory.Theyhelpustakeinmoreinformation,holdseveralideasinmindatonceandunderstandhowdifferentideasrelatetoeachother.

Whenpositiveemotionsopenusuptonewpossibilities,wearemoreabletolearnandbuildonourskills.Thatleadstodoingbetterontasksandtests.

Peoplewhohaveplentyofpositiveemotionsintheireverydaylivestendtobehappier,healthier,learnbetterandgetalongwellwithothers.

16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutnegativeemotions?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于负面情绪，说话者说了些什么？录音前面部分提到：我们可能会用“负面”一词来描述让人难受的情绪，但是这并不意味着这种情绪很糟糕或者我们不该有这种情绪。也就是说“它们（负面情绪）在我们的生活中是必要的”，C选项符合录音原文表述。A选项“它们对健康有害”和B选项“它们丰富我们的经验”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“它们应该被摒弃”恰好与录音表达的意思相反，因此不正确。

17.Whathappenstopeoplewhosenegativeemotionsareoutofbalance?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问负面情绪失衡的人会发生什么？录音在谈到负面情绪时提到，负面情绪会集中我们的意识，这样我们就可以处理问题，但是出现过多的负面情绪会使我们不堪重负、焦虑、疲惫或压力过大。负面情绪一旦失去平衡，问题似乎变得太大而无法处理。因此B选项“他们感到不堪重负以致无法处理生活问题”与录音原文表述相符。A选项“即使不干重活，他们也筋疲力尽”；C选项“他们渴望摆脱生活的烦恼”和D选项“即使生活中没有任何挑战，他们还是感到紧张”在录音中均没有提及。

18.Howdopositiveemotionsaffectus?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问积极情绪是如何影响我们的？录音提到，（积极情绪）不像负面情绪那样会让我们缩小注意力的范围，积极情绪会影响我们的大脑，增强我们的意识、注意力和记忆力。它们帮助我们获取更多的信息，同时记住一些想法，并了解不同的想法是如何相互关联的。因此D选项“它们扩展我们的思维”正确。A选项“它们减轻我们的负担”和C选项“它们延长我们的寿命”在录音中均没有信息提及；B选项“它们使我们集中注意力”是负面情绪的作用，因此不正确。

9.翻译题

从一定角度上看，教育的目的实质上就是通过生存知识的获得和生存能力的提高而使受教育者为未来的生活做好准备；而社会教育就是通过社会方式来实现这一目的。对于任何人来说，生活可以有两个目标：一是达到或维持基本的生存水平，二是提高到更高层次。为达到这两个目标——其实生活中它们是融合在一起的，一般不会有人把两者割裂开来——任何时代、任何区域和社会阶层都会对作为社会成员生活在这一时空与社会交叉点上的人有一个基本或起码的知识和能力客观要求。

【答案】Fromacertainpointofview,thepurposeofeducationistomaketheeducatedprepareforthefuturelifethroughtheacquisitionofsurvivalknowledgeandtheimprovementofsurvivalability.Socialeducationistoachievethisgoalthroughsocialmeans.Foranyone,lifecanhavetwogoals.Oneistoachieveormaintainabasiclevelofsurvival,andtheotheristoimprovetoahigherlevel.Inordertoachievethesetwogoals—infact,theyareintegratedinlife,andgenerallynoonewillcutthemapart—anyera,anyregionandsocialclasswillhaveabasicorminimumobjectiverequirementofknowledgeandabilityforpeoplelivingattheintersectionoftime,spaceandsocietyasmembersofthesociety.

10.翻译题

顾客对产品和服务有不同的价值观。有的顾客要求价格低，购物方便；有的顾客对价格并不太在意，他们要求产品必须是最新款式，在市场上代表最先进的技术；还有的顾客要求产品或服务能满足他们特殊的需求。所以，一家公司若要成为领先市场的首脑公司并保持其竞争优势，就必须根据自身的条件集中在某个方面做出突出的表现，或者以低成本取胜，或者以最新名优产品取胜，或者以与特殊的顾客群建立紧密的关系取胜。

【答案】Customershavedifferentvaluesaboutproductsandservices.Somecustomersaskforlowpricesandconvenientshopping.Somecustomersdonotcaremuchabouttheprice.Theyrequiretheproductstobeofthelateststyleandtorepresentthemostadvancedtechnologyinthemarket.Othersdemandproductsorservicesthatmeettheirspecificneeds.Therefore,ifacompanywantstobecomealeadingcompanyinthemarketandmaintainitscompetitiveadvantage,itmustfocusonaparticularareaofoutstandingperformanceaccordingtoitsownconditions,eitherbywinningwithlowcost,orbywinningwiththelatestandbestproducts,orbybuildingacloserelationshipwithaparticularcustomergroup.

11.不定项选择题

Fewpeopledoubtthefundamentalimportanceofmothersinchild-rearing,butwhatdofathersdo?Muchofwhattheycontributeissimplytheresultofbeingasecondadultinthehome.Bringingupchildrenisdemanding,stressfulandexhausting.Twoadultscansupportandmakeupforeachother’sdeficienciesandbuildoneachother’sstrengths.

Fathersalsobringanarrayofuniquequalities.Somearefamiliar:protectorandrolemodel.Teenageboyswithoutfathersarenotoriouslypronetotrouble.Thepathwaytoadulthoodfordaughtersissomewhateasier,buttheymuststilllearnfromtheirfathers,inwaystheycannotfromtheirmothers,howtorelatetomen.Theylearnfromtheirfathersaboutheterosexualtrust,intimacyanddifference.Theylearntoappreciatetheirownfemininityfromtheonemalewhoismostspecialintheirlives.Mostimportant,throughlovingandbeinglovedbytheirfathers,theylearnthattheyarelove-worthy.

Currentresearchgivesmuchdeeper,andmoresurprising,insightintothefather’sroleinchild-rearing.Onesignificantlyoverlookeddimensionoffatheringisplay.Fromtheirchildren’sbirththroughadolescence,fatherstendtoemphasizeplaymorethancaretaking.Thefather’sstyleofplayislikelytobebothphysicallystimulatingandexciting.Witholderchildrenitinvolvesmoreteamwork,requiringcompetitivetestingofphysicalandmentalskills.Itfrequentlyresemblesateachingrelationship:comeon,letmeshowyouhow.Mothersplaymoreatthechild’slevel.Theyseemwillingtoletthechilddirectplay.

Kids,atleastintheearlyyears,seemtoprefertoplaywithdaddy.Inonestudyof2.5-yearoldswhoweregivenachoice,morethantw