考研考博-英语-南京师范大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京师范大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

Directingtheunionaretechnologicaladvancesthathavemadeiteasiertostoreandrapidlytransmitinformationintohomesandoffices.Fiber-opticcable,forexample—madeupofhair-thinglassfibers—isatremendouslyefficientcarrierofinformation.Lasersshootinglightthroughglassfibercantransmit250,000timesasmuchdataasastandardtelephonewire,ortensofthousandsofparagraphssuchasthisoneeverysecond.

Thegreatlyincreasedvolumeandspeedofdatatransmissionthatthesetechnologiespermitcanbecomparedtothewayinwhichahighwaywithmanylanesallowsmorecarstomoveatfasterspeedsthanatwo-lanehighway—hence,theinformationsuperhighway.

【答案】【参考译文】引导联合的是技术进步，技术的进步使信息更容易存储和迅速传输到家庭和办公室。例如，由细如发丝的玻璃纤维制成的光纤是一种非常高效的信息载体。通过玻璃纤维发的激光可以传输标准电话线25万倍的数据，或者每秒传输数万段这样的段落。

这些技术极大地增加了数据传输的量和速度，可以与多车道高速公路比双车道高速公路允许更多的汽车以更快的速度移动的方式相比较——因此，信息高速公路由此得名。

2.单选题

Youwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyin（

）circumstances.

问题1选项

A.exceptional

B.coincidental

C.peculiar

D.imperative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。exceptional“特殊的；例外的”；coincidental“巧合的”；peculiar“不寻常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative“紧急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊时刻才被允许提前离开。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

（

）shewaslivinginParisthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

问题1选项

A.Justwhen

B.Itwaswhile

C.Soonafter

D.Duringthetimewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句型。Itis+被强调部分+that+其他成分，选项B符合题意。

4.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Thestrategicnatureofthethreatnowposedbyhumancivilizationtotheglobalenvironmentandthestrategicnatureofthethreattohumancivilizationnowposedbychangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentuswithasimilarsetofchallengesandfalsehopes.Somearguethatanewultimatetechnology,whethernuclearpowerorgeneticengineering,willsolvetheproblem.Othersholdthatonlyadrasticreductionofourrelianceontechnologycanimprovetheconditionsoflife——asimplisticnotionatbestButtherealsolutionwillbefoundinreinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Thiscanonlybeaccomplishedbyundertakingacarefulreassessmentofallthefactorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.Thetransformationofthewaywerelatetotheearthwillofcourseinvolvenewtechnologies,butthekeychangeswillinvolvenewwaysofthinkingabouttherelationshipitself.

【答案】当前，人类文明对全球环境造成的威胁的战略实质和全球环境的变化对人类文明造成的威胁的战略实质向我们提出了一系列相似的挑战，同时也使我们产生了一些自欺欺人的期望。有人认为有了某种崭新的终极技术,无论是核能还是基因工程,就可以解决这个问题。还有人则认为只有大力减少我们对技术的依赖才能改善人类的生存环境——这种看法充其量是一种简化的看法。然而，真正的解决办法将在彻底改变和最终修复文明与地球间的关系中被找到。要完成这一点，只有通过重新仔细估量导致这种关系在较近时期内发生的剧烈变化的所有各种因素才行。改变我们与地球的关系的途径当然会涉及到新技术的发明和应用，但是关键的改变将与思考这种关系本身的新方式有关。

5.单选题

Let'stestthetemperatureofabasinofwaterwithbothhands（）togetherinthewater.

问题1选项

A.placing

B.place

C.beingplaced

D.placed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:让我们把两只手一起放水中，以测试水温。

语法题。考查时态语态。此处hands和place之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词。故D正确。

6.单选题

CollegeBoardPresidentGastonCapertontrumpetedrisingSATmathscoresandbemoaned_______verbalscoreslastweek.

问题1选项

A.motionless

B.stagnant

C.briskness

D.sluggish

【答案】B

【解析】motionless不动的,静止的;stagnant停滞的,迟钝的;briskness敏捷,活泼;sluggish行动迟缓的。句意：上周，学校董事会主席GastonCaperton鼓吹SAT数学成绩的提高，也哀叹语文成绩停滞不前。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词词义辨折。ingenious“有独创性的，机灵的”；empirical“经验主义的”；objective“客观的”；indignant“愤愤不平的”。句意：当被指出犯了错误时，史密斯先生感到很气愤。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Thiscan（）somethingthatthestudentsmaynothavecomprehendedinEnglish.

问题1选项

A.signify

B.specify

C.clarify

D.testify

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查动词辨析题。signify“表示；预示”；specify“指明；详细说明”；clarify“阐明”；testify“证明”，根据“学生们可能没有理解的”可知此处应该选用动词specify，表示“详细的解释，说明”，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：这个能详细地解释一些学生们可能没有理解的英语问题。

9.单选题

Thebadweathermeant（）therocketlaunch(发射)for48hours.

问题1选项

A.delaying

B.havingdelayed

C.todelay

D.tohavedelayed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:糟糕的天气意味着火箭发射推延48小时。

考查固定搭配。meantodosth.打算做某事。meandoingsth.意味着做某事。故选A。

10.单选题

Eversincehumanshaveinhabitedtheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,theexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,wordsandideas.Tourists,thedeaf,andthemutehavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.

Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Awinkcanbeawayofflirtingorindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.

OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(asystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguide,warn,andinstructpeople.

Whileverbalizationisthemostcommonformoflanguage,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeeling.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

3.Whichformotherthanoralspeechwouldbemostcommonlyusedamongblindpeople?

4.Howmanydifferentformsofcommunicationarementionedhere?

5.Signlanguageissaidtobeverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationallyexceptfor（）

问题1选项

A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.

B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.

C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.

D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.

问题2选项

A.Therearemanyformsofcommunicationinexistencetoday.

B.Verbalizationisthemostcommonformofcommunication.

C.Thedeafandmuteuseanoralformofcommunication.

D.Ideasandthoughtscanbetransmittedbybodylanguage.

问题3选项

A.picturesigns

B.Braille

C.bodylanguage

D.signalflags

问题4选项

A.5

B.7

C.9

D.11

问题5选项

A.spelling

B.ideas

C.wholewords

D.expressions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲肢体语言。一般来说,思想和感情的表达都是以口头语言的形式进行的。但当有语言障碍时,交流可以通过其他形式完成,比如肢体语言。所以选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句可知,游客,盲人和聋哑人使用的是signlanguage,而不是oralformofcommunication。所以选项C表述错误。

3.细节事实题。根据原文可知Braille是一种用指尖阅读的凸点系统,即盲文,适合盲人使用。所以选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。文章中提到了oralspeech、signlanguage,bodylanguage、Braille、signalflags,Morsecode、smokesignals、roadmaps、picturesigns这9种交际方式,所以选项C正确。

5.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.”这些完整的文字符号中有许多是非常生动和准确的,可以在国际上使用；然而拼写不能。所以本题选A。

11.单选题

YoucanarriveinLondonearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

问题1选项

A.provided

B.unless

C.though

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项provided“假如，倘若”；B选项unless“除非”；C选项though“尽管”；D选项until“直到”。根据句意：如果你不介意坐晚上的火车，那么你可以早点到达伦敦开会。后者是前者的条件，所以填入表示条件的连词provided,选项A正确。

12.单选题

Anargumentwas（

）becausetheydislikeeachothersomuch.

问题1选项

A.ridiculous

B.inevitable

C.excessive

D.conservative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ridiculous“荒唐的，荒谬的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；excessive“过量的”；conservative“保守的”。句意：由于他们彼此都很讨厌对方,所以争论就难以避免。根据上下文关系可知B项符合句意，答案B

13.单选题

It’scloudyoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrella.

_____.

问题1选项

A.Yes,takeiteasy.

B.Well,itjustdepends.

C.OK.Justinease.

D.Allright,you’rewelcome.

【答案】C

【解析】考查句意理解。句意：外面多云，请带伞。_____。所以回答应该是：好的，为了以防万一。A项“是的，慢慢来”；B项“仅仅取决于”；D项“不客气”。根据句意选C。

14.单选题

Inaccordancewiththenewregulations,youareentitledtothreedaysofpaidsickleaveeverymonth.

问题1选项

A.Accordingto

B.Carryingon

C.Lookingthrough

D.Puttingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项Accordingto“根据……”；B选项Carryingon“继承，开始实施”；C选项Lookingthrough“浏览，温习”；D选项Puttingout“扑灭，搏出”。句意：根据新规定，你每个月可以享受三天的带薪病假。A选项与划线词的词义最接近，因此A选项符合题意。

15.单选题

（

）thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.

问题1选项

A.For

B.Now

C.Since

D.Despite

【答案】B

【解析】考查逻辑连词。for、since通常表示原因，不和that连用，nowthat“既然，因为，由于”；despite“尽管”。句意：由于我的头脑清醒了，我的大脑也开始运转得更好了。前后句因果关系，故B项正确。

16.单选题

Thatkindofbirdhasbecomemore____aroundherelately;weshouldprotectthemfrombeingshot.

问题1选项

A.various

B.numerable

C.multiple

D.numerous

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.various各种各样的B.numerable可数的

C.multiple数量多的D.numerous许多的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析

【解题思路】空格所在部分语义为“这种鸟最近在这里变得更加____（more____）了”，空格处所填词在该句中做表语；根据后文“我们应该保护它们不受枪击”推测，这种鸟在这里可能会被猎杀，一般鸟多的地方会出现偷猎行为，因此数量变多了符合原句语义衔接，D选项numerous“许多的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项various“各种各样的”不符合原句语义衔接；

B选项numerable“可数的”，是numerous的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接；

C选项multiple“数量多的”，只能用于名词前，做定语，但原句中空格后没有名词；

【句意】最近这种鸟在这里越来越多了；我们应该保护它们不受枪击。

17.单选题

IntheOldTestament,AbrahamplainlyassumesthatGodwasunderamoral（）todistinguishbetweentherighteousandthewicked,andthathehadnorighttodealwiththemalike.

问题1选项

A.objection

B.objectivity

C.obligation

D.observation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项objection“异议；反对”；B选项objectivity“客观性”；C选项obligation“义务；职责”；D选项observation“观察；监视”。句意：在旧约中，亚伯拉罕清楚地认为上帝有道义……区分正义与邪恶，但他没有相同的权利。主语是上帝，后面所说的区分正义与邪恶，是在具体地说一项工作。上帝完成他的工作，是他的职责与义务所在。因此C选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.

Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.

Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,thelatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.

Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.

Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuelingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdisease.Anaveragelyobeseperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyobesepersonbymanymore.

ProfPrenticesaid:“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?”Theanswerisyes-andno.Yes,whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeinterms,ofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.

9.Whatdoestheword“sedentary”(Para.2)mean?

10.WhichstatementisTRUE?

11.AccordingtoProfPrentice,whatarethereasonsforthechangeinourshape?

12.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger”?

问题1选项

A.Sittingmostoftime.

B.Eatingtoomuch.

C.Studyingveryhard.

D.Thinkingpassively.

问题2选项

A.Theaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38in.

B.Theaveragewaistsizeforawomanis30in.

C.Inthemid-Eighties,morethanhalfmillionunder-16sintheUKareclassedasoverweight.

D.TheobesitypandemichasnowspreadtoSouthAmerica.

问题3选项

A.Weeattoomuchandrefusetodophysicalexercises.

B.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandtechnologydevelopsfast.

C.High-energyfoodsarethemaindietandweusetechnology.

D.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandweconsumelessenergy.

问题4选项

A.Answeringthequestion“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren?”

B.Thedoughnutandburgershouldbebanned.

C.Weshouldleadahealthylife.

D.Weshouldbegindieting.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】9.词义推测题。定位在第二段Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.（来自伦敦卫生和热带医学学院的安德鲁•普伦蒂斯教授说，高脂肪的快餐饮食加上以电视和电脑为主的……的生活方式可能意味着孩子会悲剧性地在年轻时死去。）降低体重的方式一是要控制饮食，二就是需要锻炼运动。而现在的人们吃着高脂肪的快餐做着以电视和电脑为主的工作，由此可知这样的生活方式是宅的，缺乏运动的。因此A选项“大部分时间坐着”正确，符合题意。B选项“吃得太多”，C选项“非常努力的学习”，D选项“消极地思考”，均与题意不符，可排除。故选A。

10.推理判断题。定位到文章第三段IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.（仅仅在英国，就有100多万16岁以下的儿童被归为超重或者肥胖，比80年代中期多了一倍）可以了解到英国16岁以下儿童被归于肥胖的人数大大地增加了。因此C选项“在80年代中期，超过50万16岁以下的英国儿童被归类为超重。”正确，符合题意。A选项“男人的平均腰围是36-38英寸”，B选项“女人的平均腰围是30英寸”并未指出这只是存在于英国的现象，可排除。D选项“肥胖现在已经蔓延到南美洲”，文中未提到南美洲是否也有肥胖问题，可排除。故选C。

11.客观细节题。定位到第四段ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.（普伦蒂斯教授说，导致我们体形变化的原因是现代生活中高热量食物随处可见，随手可得，而科技的发展使得人们每天消耗的热量却大大减少。），由此可知，在教授看来引起肥胖的原因与吃高热量的食物和人们每天消耗的热量减少有关。高热量和低消耗才是主要原因。因此D选项“高能量的食物很容易得到，我们消耗的能量更少”正确，符合题意。A选项“我们吃得太多，拒绝做体育锻炼”，B选项“高能量食物很容易获得，科学技术发展很快”，C选项“高能量食物是主要的饮食而且我们使用科技”均与题意不符，可排除。故选D。

12.推理判断题。最后一段先提出问题Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?（所以孩子们的寿命，会像最近的美国肥胖的专家声称的那样，比他们的父母还短吗？）并且回答到答案不确定yes-andno（既是又不是），随后说明是的情况whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese（当后代变得非常肥胖时）。而最后一句SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.（所以，就让我们向甜甜圈和汉堡包说不。）这里不是回答开始的问题，而是呼吁人们要有健康的生活方式远离肥胖，不是要禁止油腻食物，也不是要人们一起减肥。因此C选项“我们应该倡导健康的生活”正确，符合题意。A选项“回答父母会比孩子长寿吗？这个问题”，B选项“应该禁止甜甜圈和汉堡包”，D选项“我们应该开始节食”均不符合题意，故选C。

19.单选题

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople’scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker’shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerica.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreaterextent?

问题1选项

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon’tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon’tsmoke

问题2选项

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon’tharmthem

问题3选项

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking

B.Non-smokersmaydieofsecondhandsmoking

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself

问题4选项

A.Theyaresickmoreoften

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease

C.Itwillinfluencetheirfuturelife

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer

问题5选项

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句话提到美国每年大约有五万三千人死于二手烟（TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke），由此可知选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到点燃的香烟产生的烟雾含有许多不同的有毒化学物质（Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals），接着提到即使不吸烟的人体内也含有大量有害的有毒化学物质（Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies），由此可知不吸烟的人之所以受吸烟人的影响是因为他们吸入了有毒气体，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章讲述了二手烟的危害，选项A“不吸烟的人被迫吸入二手烟”、选项B“不吸烟的人由于吸入二手烟而丧命”、选项C“我们所有人或多或少都会受到二手烟的影响”都能在文章中体现，因此选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章并没有提到吸入二手烟的不良影响与精神疾病有关，因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到对于那些父母都吸烟的家庭中的孩子来说，这种风险甚至更高（Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke），因此选项C符合题意。

20.单选题

Onecommon-sensereason（）childrenlearntospeakisthattheyimitatethosearoundthem.

问题1选项

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.ofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】reason做先行词,后面一般接why引导的原因状语从句,选项中的ofwhich=why,表示孩子们学会说话的原因。所以选项D正确。

21.单选题

Ournexttaskistoconsiderthepoliciesandprinciplesaruleroughttofollowindealingwithhissubjectsorwithhisfriends.SinceIknowmanypeoplehavewrittenonthissubject,IamconcerneditmaybethoughtpresumptuousformetowriteonIaswell,especiallysincewhatIhavetosay,asregardsthisquestioninparticular,willdiffergreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers.Butmyhopeistowriteabookthatwillbeuseful,atleasttothosewhoreaditintelligently,andsoIthoughtitsensibletogostraighttoadiscussionofhowthingsareinreallifeandnotwastetimewithdiscussionofanimaginaryworld.Formanyauthorshaveconstructedimaginaryrepublicsandprincipalitiesthathaveneverexistedinpracticeandnevercould;forthegapbetweenhowpeopleactuallybehaveandhowtheyoughttobehaveissogreatthatanyonewhoignoreseverydayrealityinordertoliveuptoanidealwillsoondiscoverhehasbeentaughthowtodestroyhimself,nothowtopreservehimself.Foranyonewhowantstoactthepartofagoodmaninallcircumstanceswillbringabouthisownruin,forthosehehastodealwithwillnotallbegood.Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.

Letusleavetooneside,then,alldiscussionofimaginaryrulersandtalkaboutpracticalrealities.Imaintainthatallmen,whenpeopletalkaboutthem,andespeciallyrulers,becausetheyholdpositionsofauthority,aredescribedintermsofqualitiesthatareinextricablylinkedtocensureortopraise.Soonemanisdescribedasgenerous,anotherasamiser;oneiscalledopen-handed,anothertight-fisted;onemaniscruel,anothergentle;oneuntrustworthy,anotherself-important;onepromiscuous,anothermonogamous;onestraightforward,anotherduplicitous;onetough,anothereasy-going;oneserious,anothercheerful;onereligious,anotheratheistical;andsoon.

NowIknoweveryonewillagreethatifarulercouldhaveallthegoodqualitiesIhavelistedandnoneofthebadones,thenthiswouldbeanexcellentstateofaffairs.Butonecannothaveallthegoodqualities,noralwaysactinapraiseworthyfashion,forwedonotliveinanidealworld.Youhavetobecannyenoughtoavoidbeingthoughttohavethoseevilqualitiesthatwouldmakeitimpossibleforyoutoretainpower;asforthosethatarecompatiblewithholdingontopower,youshouldavoidthemifyoucan;butifyoucannot,thenyoushouldnotworrytoomuchifpeoplesayyouhavethem.Aboveall,donotbeupsetifyouaresupposedtohavethosevicesarulerneedsifheisgoingtostaysecurelyinpower,for,ifyouthinkaboutit,youwillrealizetherearesomewaysofbehavingthataresupposedtobevirtuous,butwouldleadtoyourdownfall,andothersthataresupposedtobewicked,butwillleadtoyourwelfareandpeaceofmind.

31.Theword“presumptuous”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）.

32.Ifarulerfollowsotherauthors'suggestion,hemight（）.

33.Inthebook,theauthor'sdiscussionmostlikelyfocuseson（）.

34.Ifarulerwantstosecurethepowerinhisownhands,heneeds（）.

35.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.showingdishonesty

B.showingrebellion

C.showingsubmission

D.showingdisrespect

问题2选项

A.tryhisbesttobeagoodeggallthetime

B.understandtheimportantofanauthoritativestatement

C.trytogaingreatfameandhighprestige

D.knowwhentobekindandwhentobecruel

问题3选项

A.presentingarealworldtohisreaders

B.describinganidealsocietytohisreaders

C.explaininghowtoconstructaperfectsystem

D.illustratingwhatawiserulershoulddo

问题4选项

A.wickedcruelty

B.immoralqualities

C.cunningsubjects

D.disreputablerivals

问题5选项

A.OnVirtues

B.OnWisdom

C.OnPraiseandCensure

D.OnPower

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.语义题。根据题干关键词，将信息点定位至原文第一段，根据“differgreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers（与其他人的建议大相径庭）”即可得出本题答案。

32.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词“aruler”可将信息点定位至原文第一段最后一句，根据“Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.（所以对于一个统治者来说，如果他想抓住权力不放，就必须学会如何做不好，知道什么时候该做，什么时候不该做）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

33.

细节事实题。将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“onecannothaveallthegoodqualities,