考研考博-英语-宝鸡职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宝鸡职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theaccusationswebringagainstothersshouldbe（）ourselves;weshouldnotcomplacencyandeasyjudgmentsonourpartconcerningourownmoralconduct.

问题1选项

A.denigrationof…exclude

B.instructionsto...equate

C.parodiesof...satirize

D.warningsto...justify

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配和动词词义辨析。denigrationof“低毁”；exclude“排除”；instructions“指令，说明”；equate“使相等”；parodiesof“效仿”；satirize“讽刺，挖苦”；warningsto“警告”；justify“证明……是正当的”。句意：我们对他人的指责应该是对自己的一种警告；我们不应该自满，也不应该对我们自己的道德行为轻易地做出判断。选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Theboyansweredallmyquestionswithcomplete（

）.

问题1选项

A.insurance

B.security

C.assurance

D.safety

【答案】C

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。insurance“保险，保险费”；security“安全，保证”；assurance“保证，担保，确信”；safety“安全，保险”。句意：这个小男孩自信地回答了我所有的问题。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Thediscoveryofnewoil-fieldsinvariouspartsofthecountryfilledthegovernmentwith（）hope.

问题1选项

A.eternal

B.everlasting

C.ceaseless

D.infinite

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意:全国各地新油田的发现使政府充满了无限的希望。eternal“永恒的,不朽的”;everlasting“永恒的,接连不断的”;ceaseless“不间断的;无休止的”;infinite“无限的;极大的”。选项D更符合语境。

4.单选题

Theremovalofthetopsoilmayeliminatemostofthecontaminationofthearea.

问题1选项

A.prevent

B.dealwith

C.overcome

D.getridof

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prevent“防止”；B选项dealwith“处理”；C选项overcome“克服”；D选项getridof“除去”。句意：除去表土可以消除该地区的大部分污染。划线部分eliminate是消除的意思。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Theindustrialcommunityshouldbecloseenoughtothecrowdedcentersbutdistantenoughtoreduce（）hazards.

问题1选项

A.feasible

B.active

C.substantial

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项feasible“可行的；可能的;”；B选项active“积极的；活跃的”；C选项substantial“大量的；实质的”；D选项potential“潜在的，可能的”。句意:工业区应该离拥挤的中心足够近，但要足够远，以减少潜在的危险。所选之词应修饰hazards(危险)，而且其意应为“潜在的或可能发生的”危险。故选D。

6.单选题

WhowontheWorldCup1994footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?（1）aneventtakesplace,newspapersareonthestreet（2）thedetails.

（3）anythinghappensintheworld,reportersareonthespottogatherthenews.

Newspapershaveonebasic（4）togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto（5）it.

Radio,telegraph,television,and（6）inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.（7）,thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe（8）andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare（9）andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspapersto（10）outintomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreadersinformedofthelatestnews,today’snewspapersentertainandinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandserious（11）.

Newspapersinfluencereaders,economicchoices（12）advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery（13）.Newspapersaresoldatapricethat（14）evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain（15）ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The（16）insellingadvertisingdependsnewspaper’svaluetoadvertisers.This（17）intermsofcirculation.Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?

Circulationdepends（18）ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment（19）inanewspaper’spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper’svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation（20）thecommunity,city,county,state,nationandworld—andevenouterspace.

问题1选项

A.Justwhen

B.While

C.Soonafter

D.Before

问题2选项

A.togive

B.giving

C.given

D.beinggiven

问题3选项

A.Wherever

B.Whatever

C.However

D.Whichever

问题4选项

A.reason

B.cause

C.problem

D.purpose

问题5选项

A.make

B.publish

C.know

D.write

问题6选项

A.another

B.other

C.oneanother

D.theother

问题7选项

A.However

B.And

C.Therefore

D.So

问题8选项

A.value

B.ratio

C.rate

D.speed

问题9选项

A.spread

B.passed

C.printed

D.completed

问题10选项

A.provoke

B.jump

C.step

D.branch

问题11选项

A.matters

B.affairs

C.things

D.events

问题12选项

A.on

B.through

C.with

D.of

问题13选项

A.forms

B.existence

C.contents

D.purpose

问题14选项

A.triestocover

B.managestocover

C.failstocover

D.succeedsincovering

问题15选项

A.source

B.origin

C.course

D.finance

问题16选项

A.way

B.means

C.chance

D.success

问题17选项

A.measures

B.measured

C.ismeasured

D.wasmeasured

问题18选项

A.somewhat

B.little

C.much

D.something

问题19选项

A.offering

B.offered

C.whichoffered

D.tobeoffered

问题20选项

A.by

B.with

C.at

D.about

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:B

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:C

第19题:D

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查时间副词（短语）。Justwhen正当；While当……时；Soonafter不久之后；Before在……之前；根据上下文判断，事件发生在前，报纸报道在后。soonafter“不久以后”，符合句意。

2.

考查分词辨析。现在分词表示主动，报纸报道事件细节是主动的，所以用giving。

3.

考查关系代词。Wherever无论哪里，表地点；Whatever无论什么；However不管怎样；Whichever无论哪一个；由后一句onthespot（当场）可推断出应选地点状语wherever。

4.考查固定搭配。reason原因；cause成因；problem问题；purpose目的。由动词不定式toget可判定本句表示目的，purpose“目的”，选项D符合要求。

5.

考查动词辨析。make使，让；publish出版；know知道，了解；write写。句意：新闻发生的源头或是从那些将新闻制作并散播人处获得，并传播给那些想要了解新闻的人们。选项C符合句意。

6.

考查代词辨析。another另一个；oneanother彼此，互相；theother两者中的另一个；other“其他的”，其后跟可数名词复数表示泛指。句意：收音机、电报、电视以及其他发明。

7.

考查逻辑连接词。However然而，表转折；And而且，表并列；Therefore因此，表因果；So因此，表结果。根据上下文，句子间逻辑判断为转折。选项中的however意为“然而”，符合句意。

8.

考查名词辨析。value价值；ratio比例；rate比率；speed速度。句意：他们快速地使用更新并且更快的交流方式来提高速度。选项D符合句意。

9.

考查动词辨析。spread传播；passed传递，通过；printed打印，印刷；completed完成。句意：如今更多的报纸被印刷并且被阅读。选项C符合句意。

10.

考查固定搭配。stepoutinto“拓展”，既可指人又可指物，branchoutinto“拓展”，只能用于指人。句意：竞争也使得报纸拓展到很多其他领域。选项C符合句意。

11.

考查名词辨析。matters“当前状况”；affairs“公共事务及安全事务”；things“事情”一般用于口语中；events“重大，重要事件”。句意：政治事件以及其他重要且严肃的事件。选项D符合句意。

12.

考查介词辨析。on在……之上；through通过……；with和……；of属于……的。句意：报纸通过广告影响人们的经济选择。through做方式状语，表示“通过，凭借”，选项B符合句意。

13.

考查名词辨析。form“形式”；existence“存在”；content“内容”；purpose“目的”。句意：报纸是依赖广告生存的，选项B符合句意。

14.

考查动词短语辨析。triestocover试图支付；managestocover打算支付；failstocover无法支付；succeedsincovering成功支付。根据后面even“甚至”这个语气可判断出此处为否定意义，只有failstocover表否定，意为“无法支付”。选项C符合句意。

15.

考查固定搭配。thesourceofincome为固定搭配，意为“收入来源”。选项A符合句意。

16.

考查名词辨析。way方式，道路；means钱财，财富；chance机会；success成功。根据上下文语义，句意：出售版面广告所赚的钱依赖于报纸对广告商的价值。means意为“钱财，财富”，选项B符合句意。

17.

考查时态与语态。整个文章时态为现在时且此句中应用被动，报纸价值是“被估量”，选项C符合要求。

18.

考查副词辨析。somewhat有点，稍微；little少量，一丁点；much多，大量；something某事。句意：发行部的工作对于报纸的发行至关重要。选项C符合句意。

19.

考查时态与语态。句意：刊印在报纸版面上的娱乐和服务。被动语态且表示将来，选项D符合句意。

20.

考查固定搭配。by通过；凭借；with和……；at在……；about关于……。atthecommunity意为“在社区内”，为固定用法。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Thereexistsomeproposals,likecreatingaseriesoflasersthatwouldsweepthetrashbackintoouratmosphere,whereitwouldmostlybumup.

问题1选项

A.particles

B.garbage

C.dust

D.ashes

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.particles颗粒，微粒B.garbage垃圾；废物

C.dust沙土，尘土；灰尘D.ashes灰烬

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】trash的意思为“废物，垃圾”，这里指把垃圾扫到大气层，garbage与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】有人提出了一些建议，比如制造一系列激光，把垃圾扫回来，扫到我们的大气层，大部分垃圾在大气层都会燃烧。

8.单选题

Thethiefranintothecrowdand（

）fromthesight.

问题1选项

A.escaped

B.periled

C.melted

D.vanished

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项escape“逃脱，避免”；B选项peril“危及，置...于险境”；C选项melt“融化”；D选项vanish“消失，突然不见”。句意：小偷跑进人群中，然后从视线中消失不见了。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?

问题1选项

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon'tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke

问题2选项

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem

问题3选项

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.

B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.

问题4选项

A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.

C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.

问题5选项

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求推断美国53,000人死亡的原因。根据关键词fifty-threethousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，这些人的死因是由于exposuretosecondhandsmoke，即“暴露于二手烟中”，由此可以推断死亡者本人不抽烟，故B项“尽管他们不吸烟”正确。而A项“由于吸烟”和C项“因为他们的父母吸烟”明显错误；D选项“尽管他们的父母不抽烟”属于过度推断。因此本题正确答案为B项。

2.细节事实题。根据题干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根据下一句...almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，不管我们有没有意识到，我们几乎都吸入烟草的烟，所以非吸烟者身体受损的原因是“因为他们吸入有毒的烟”，故A项正确。B选项原文没有提及，C选项与第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D选项根据第二段第三句“甚至非吸烟者身体内有过量的这些化学物质”可以排除。

3.细节事实题。题干要求找出错误选项。A选项“非吸烟者也许会被动吸入二手烟”，根据常识可判断正确；根据第一段最后一句可知非吸烟者可能死于二手烟，所以B选项“有些非吸烟者可能因为吸二手烟而死于肺癌”正确；根据第二段almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，C选项“我们都多多少少遭受二手烟的痛苦”正确；D选项“二手烟比抽烟本身伤害更大”在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有。因此本题答案为D项。

4.细节事实题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪一个不是二手烟对孩子的消极影响。根据题干定位至原文最后一段。由thesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes可知，这些孩子比家里没有人吸烟的更容易生病，故A选项正确，可排除；B选项“他们更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根据原文倒数第三句可知，C选项“孩子们长大了也会受二手烟的影响”正确，可排除。根据原文最后一句“父母吸烟的孩子长大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸烟的孩子的两倍多”可知，D选项“一些非吸烟者可能由于二手烟死于肺癌”正确，可排除。故本题正确答案为B。

5.推理判断题。题干要求判断以下那种孩子受二手烟的伤害最大。根据关键词children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽烟的孩子患肺癌的风险更高”。A选项为“5岁以下生活在无人抽烟的家庭的孩子”；B选项为“5岁以下生活在父亲或母亲一方抽烟的家庭的孩子”；C选项为“5岁以下生活在父母都抽烟的家庭的孩子”；D选项“5岁以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。

10.单选题

Thecaptainoften（

）responsibilitytohissubordinates,soastohavetimetodotheimportanttaskshimself.

问题1选项

A.analyzed

B.respected

C.criticized

D.assigned

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。analyze“分析，解释”；respect“尊敬，尊重”；criticize“批评”；assign“分派，选派，分配”；根据句意‘船长经常将任务（

）下属，以便自己有时间去做更重要的工作。’确定D选项正确。

11.单选题

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

问题1选项

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disaster“灾难；灾祸；不幸”；B选项controversy“辩论”；C选项confrontation“对抗；对峙”；D选项aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我们会看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧结束吗。A选项disaster（灾难）不能形容两个国家的分歧。B选项controversy（辩论），可以排除。D选项aggression（侵犯），这里并没有体现两个国家的侵略。C选项confrontation（对峙）最符合题意，由此得知C选项正确。

12.单选题

Australianresearchershavediscoveredelectroreceptors(sensoryorgansdesignedtorespondtoelectricalfields)clusteredatthetipofthespinyanteater’ssnout.Theresearchersmadethisdiscoverybyexposingsmallareasofthesnouttoextremelyweakelectricalfieldsandrecordingthetransmissionofresultingnervousactivitytothebrain.Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowntoexciteelectroreceptors.

Havingdiscoveredtheelectroreceptor,researchersarenowinvestigatinghowanteatersutilizesuchasophisticatedsensorysystem.Inonebehavioralexperiment,researcherssuccessfullytrainedananteatertodistinguishbetweentwotroughsofwater,onewithaweakelectricalfieldandtheotherwithnone.Suchevidenceisconsistentwithresearcher’shypothesisthatanteatersuseelectroreceptortodetectelectricalsignalsgivenoffbyprey;however,researchersasyethavebeenunabletodetectelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemounds,wherethefavoritefoodofanteaterslive.Still,researchershaveobservedanteatersbreakingintoanestofantsatanobliqueangleandquicklylocatingnestingchambers.Thisabilityquicklytolocateunseenpreysuggests,accordingtotheresearchers,thattheanteaterswereusingtheirelectroreceptortolocatethenestingchambers.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicthatdistinguisheselectroreceptorsfromtactilereceptors?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheexperimentdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

3.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablydiscussesthefunctionoftatilereceptors(lines6—9)inorderto（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutanteatersfromthebehavioralexperimentmentionedinthesecondparagraph?

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheresearchersmentionedinthesecondparagraphwhoobservedanteatersbreakintoanestofantswouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

6.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthenthehypothesismentionedinlines15—16?

问题1选项

A.Themannerinwhichelectroreceptorsrespondtoelectricalstimuli.

B.Thetendencyofelectroreceptorstobefoundinclusters.

C.Theunusuallocationsinwhichelectroreceptorsarefoundinmostspecies.

D.Theamountofelectricalstimulationrequiredtoexciteelectroreceptors.

问题2选项

A.Researchershaddifficultyverifyingtheexistenceofelectroreceptorsintheanteaterbecauseelectroreceptorsrespondtosuchanarrowrangeofelectricalfieldstrengths.

B.Researchersfoundthatthelevelofnervousactivityintheanteater9sbrainincreaseddramaticallyasthestrengthoftheelectricalstimuluswasincreased.

C.Researchersfoundthatsomeareasoftheanteater’ssnoutwerenotsensitivetoaweakelectricalstimulus.

D.Researchersfoundthattheanteater’stactilereceptorsweremoreeasilyexcitedbyastrongelectricalstimulusthanweretheelectroreceptors.

问题3选项

A.eliminateandalternativeexplanationofanteaters’responsetoelectricalstimuli

B.highlightatypeofsensoryorganthathasafunctionidenticaltothatofelectroreceptors

C.pointoutaseriouscomplicationittheresearchonelectroreceptorsinanteaters

D.suggestthattactilereceptorsassistelectroreceptorsinthedetectionofelectricalsignals

问题4选项

A.Theyareunabletodistinguishbetweenstimulidetectedbytheirelectroreceptorsandstimulidetectedbytheirtactilereceptors.

B.Theyareunabletodistinguishbetweentheelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemoundsandthoseemanatingfromantnests.

C.Theycanbetrainedtorecognizeconsistentlythepresenceofaparticularstimulus.

D.Theyreactmorereadilytostrongthantoweakstimuli.

问题5选项

A.Theeventtheyobservedwasatypicalandmaynotreflecttheusualhuntingpracticesofanteaters.

B.Itislikelythattheanteaterslocatedtheants’nestingchamberswithouttheassistanceofelectroreceptors.

C.Anteaterspossessaverysimplesensorysystemforusinlocatingprey.

D.Thespeedwithwhichtheanteaterslocatedtheirpreyisgreaterthanwhatmightbeexpectedonthebasisofchancealone.

问题6选项

A.Researchersareabletotrainanteaterstobreakintoanundergroundchamberthatisemittingastrongelectricalsignal.

B.Researchersareabletodetectaweakelectricalsignalemanatingfromthenestingchamberofanantcolony.

C.Anteatersareobservedtakingincreasinglylongeramountsoftimetolocatethenestingchambersofants.

D.Anteatersareobservedusingvariousanglestobreakintonestsofants.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文中第一段“Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowtoexciteelectroreceptor.虽然触觉感受器(食蚁兽鼻子上的另一种感觉器官)确实也能对电刺激做出反应，但这种感受器只能对电场强度做出反应，而电场强度大约是已知的激发电感受器的1000倍。”由此可知electroreceptor是需要聚集电子刺激物来刺激它，从而发现目标。而触觉感受器需要的电子刺激强度要比电子感受器的刺激强度高出大概1,000倍。因此，他们的区别在于刺激物的数量上。D选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Theresearchersmadethisdiscoverybyexposingsmallareasofthesnouttoextremelyweakelectricalfieldsandrecordingthetransmissionofresultingnervousactivitytothebrain.研究人员将鼻子的小区域暴露在极弱的电场下，并记录下由此产生的神经活动传递到大脑的过程，从而得出了这一发现。”科学家们做了这个实验，发现了电感受器。由于触觉感受器需要有比电子感受器的刺激强度要多得多。由此推断食蚁兽的鼻部对弱电信号的刺激并不敏感，否则就发现不了电感受器。C选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位至文章第一段最后一句“Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowtoexciteelectroreceptor.”即尽管食蚁兽鼻部的另一个感应器官触觉感受器，也能对电子刺激物做出反应，但是它需要的刺激强度是电子感受器的刺激强度的1000倍。这里是否定食蚁兽的触觉感受器也能对电子刺激物做出反应，并解释道只有激强度达到一定强度才能做出反应。所以A选项‘排除和替代解释食蚁兽对电刺激的反应’符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Inonebehavioralexperiment,researcherssuccessfullytrainedananteatertodistinguishbetweentwotroughsofwater,onewithaweakelectricalfieldandtheotherwithnone.在该实验中，科学家们成功地训练食蚁兽分辨两个槽沟的水，这两个槽沟的水一个是带有弱电磁场的，而另一个却没有。”推测可知，食蚁兽是能被训练意识到特定刺激物的存在的。所以C选项符合题意。

5.细节判断题。第二段作者指出“researchershaveobservedanteatersbreakingintoanestofantsatanobliqueangleandquicklylocatingnestingchambers.Thisabilityquicklytolocateunseenpreysuggests,accordingtotheresearchers,thattheanteaterswereusingtheirelectroreceptortolocatethenestingchambers.即科学家观察到食蚁兽闯入到斜坡上的蚁群并且迅速找到蚁穴。他们认为食蚁兽能够迅速找到看不见的猎物表明食蚁兽是利用了电感受器来定位蚁穴的。所以D选项‘食蚁兽定位猎物的速度比仅凭偶然性就能预测到的要快。’符合题意。

6.推理判断题。由题干迅速定位至第二段第三句“Suchevidenceisconsistentwithresearcher’shypothesisthatanteatersuseelectroreceptortodetectelectricalsignalsgivenoffbyprey,however,researchersasyethavebeenunabletodetectelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemounds,wherethefavoritefoodofanteaterslive.这些证据与研究人员的假设相一致，即食蚁兽使用电感受器来探测猎物发出的电信号。然而，研究人员至今还无法探测到食蚁兽最喜爱的食物——白蚁丘发出的电信号。”因此推断，如果科学家能够探测出白蚁穴发出的信号，那么该假设就更能成立。所以B选项‘研究人员能够探测到来自蚁群巢穴的微弱电信号。’符合题意。

13.单选题

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

问题2选项

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

问题4选项

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociation